Fundamental Concepts behind the Development of Gamma-Ray, Directed Energy Sources

We discuss novel advanced concepts suitable for the practical design of gamma-ray sources of directed energy. One concept is based on the self-channeling of a powerful optical laser in a gas within a metal tube. Another concept employs a direct excitation of a quadrupole nuclear level by a powerful optical laser. The third concept is based on the process of a high-order harmonic generation by an x-ray laser. All three concepts can be used for designing gamma-ray lasers that would have significant advantages over x-ray lasers. First, missile defense systems employing gamma-ray lasers would be weather independent. Second, the gamma-ray laser radiation can penetrate through the sand, which could be suspended in the air in a desert either naturally (due to strong winds) or artificially (as a protective “shield”). Besides, the first out of the three concepts can beemployed for creating non-laser gamma-ray sources of directed energy to be used for detecting stored radioactive materials, including the radioactive materials carried by an aircraft or a satellite. Last but not least: these concepts can be also used for remotely destroying biological and chemical weapons as a preemptive strike or during its delivery phase, as well as for distinguishing a nuclear warhead from decoy warheads. Thus, the defense capabilities of the proposed gamma-ray lasers can save numerous lives.

A new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter

The new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter (CSI) proposed in this paper was developed by connecting three separate single-phase 5-level CSIs in series, and its operational principle was analyzed. There are two major problems existing in current-source multilevel inverters, one is the complex PWM control method (2-logic to 3-logic conversion), and the other is the problem of current-unbalance between different levels. A simple current-balance control method via DC current feedback is applied in each single-phase 5-level CSI cell to implement the current-balance control between different levels. And to reduce the output current harmonics, POD PWM control technique was used. Simulation and experimental results showed that this new three-phase 5-level CSI topology operates correctly.

Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Source on Blood Metabolites,Hormone Secretion and Follicular Fluid Composition in Gilts

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels and sources on the blood metabolites,hormone secretion and the composition of follicular fluid in gilts.Fifty-four gilts with initial body weight of(59±4.2) kg were randomly allotted to six treatments.Treatments were low, normal,and high energy feeding levels,which were 87.5%,100%and 112.5%of recommendatory energy requirements by NRC(1998),respectively,and dietary energy sources(starch or fat).Blood samples and follicular fluids were collected on D18 and D19 of the second estrous cycle.The results showed that plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were higher in the fat group than that in the starch group(P【0.05),but those of glucose were similar between the two energy sources(P】0.05);dietary energy level exerted no effect on blood metabolites concentration(P】0.05).Gilts fed the high energy diet had a higher area under curve of plasma insulin(Insulin AUC),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) and leptin than did gilts fed the lower energy diet(P【0.05),but there was no significant difference between fat versus starch(P】0.05).Luteinizing hormone(LH) pulses were higher in gilts fed high energy rather than that in low energy diets(P】0.05),plasma concentration of estradiol(E2) was higher in the fat group than that in the starch group(P【0.05).The number of large follicles(diameter≥4 mm) and concentrations of IGF-Ⅰand E2 in follicular fluid were increasing significant as the level of energy increased(P【0.05),but the numbers of large follicles and follicular fluid composition were not affected by the source of dietary energy(P】0.05).The results indicate that gilts fed high energy diets had elevated plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones,IGF-Ⅰand LH secretion,and increased follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ,E2 and numbers of large follicles;gilts fed the dietary fat had a higher plasma concentration of cholesterol and E2.

Influence of Different Sources and Levels of Fat on Palatability of Tibetan Mastiff

In order to compare the palatability of Tibetan mastiff to different fat sources and fat levels, four kinds of raw lipid materials （ soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, chicken fat and butter） were selected to prepare five candidate diets with different fat source combinations and three different fat level combinations （6%, 10% and 14% ）. Ten healthy Tibetan mastiff adults were randomly divided into two groups. The intematianally useful double-pot cultivation design was employed to record the daily feed intake and preferred diet of each Tibetan mastiff, and further to calculate the intake rate. The butter group assumed higher feed intake and intake rate than the chicken fat group （P 〈0.01）, and the preferred diet as well （83%）. The feed intake and intake rate of chicken fat group was significantly higher than chicken fat and butter （ 1：1 ） combined group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. No significant difference was observed in the diet palatability of butter diet to Tibetan mastiff to different plant oil sources （ P 〉 0.05）. For various fat level combinations, the diet with highest fat content diet H23 assumed higher feed intake and intake rate than low fat diet H22 and H21 （P 〈0.05）. It is concluded that the palatability of butter diet to Tibetan mastiff is higher than chicken fat and its combined diet （ butter：chicken fat = 1：1 ） ; with fat level of 6% - 15%, high fat diet provides Tibetan mastiff a better palatability in comparison with low fat diet.

An Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach Based on Level Set Parameterization for Acoustic Source Identification Using Multiple Frequency Information

In this paper,a reconstruction problem of the spatial dependent acoustic source from multiple frequency data is discussed.Suppose that the source function is supported on a bounded domain and the piecewise constant intensities of the source are known on the support.We characterize unknown domain by the level set technique.And the level set function can be modeled by a Hamilton-Jacobi system.We use the ensemble Kalman filter approach to analyze the system state.This method can avoid to deal with the nonlinearity directly and reduce the computation complexity.In addition,the algorithm can achieve the stable state quickly with the Hamilton-Jacobi system.From some numerical examples,we show these advantages and verify the feasibility and effectiveness.

Variational Level-set Formulation for Lithographic Source and Mask Optimization

This paper addresses the contributing factors in lithographic source and mask optimization,namely,the accuracy of the image formation model and the efficiency of the inverse imaging calculations in the optimization framework.A variational level-set formulation is established to incorporate a distance regularization term and an external energy.The former maintains a signed-distance profile and the latter minimizes the sum of the mismatches between the printed image and the desired one over all locations.Hence the need of reinitialization is eliminated in a principle way securing a stable level-set evolution and accurate computation with a simpler and more efficient numerical implementation.We employ a vector imaging model together with a stratified media model to describe the vector nature of electromagnetic fields propagating in the coupling image formation.Several strategies including computing the convolution operation with Fast Fourier Transform,the electric-field caching technique and the conjugate gradient method are discussed to ease the computation load and improve convergence.

Ride through Strategy for a Three-Level Dual Z-Source Inverter Using TRIAC

A new ride through strategy is introduced in a three-level dual Z-source inverter, for isolation under semiconductor switching failure condition. Here the output will have no significant decrease in the amplitude and quality. Instead of diodes, the triacs are added to the inverter source ends, as it can perform a bidirectional power transfer also it can operate well in both low and high voltage operating conditions. The faulted part can be isolated by simply altering the firing pulses for turning on/off the triacs using the carrier based SPWM technique and resulting in a boosting output with zero common mode voltage. Consequently, it forms a common floating point or null point with a zero common mode voltage. It is experimentally verified by using MATLAB, and digital oscilloscope.

Numerical Simulation of the Binchuan Airgun Source Affected by Water Body

The numerical simulation of the influence of a reservoir water body on the Binchuan airgun source could provide a theoretical basis to analyze the data obtained from the active source detection and inversion of regional interior medium structures.Based on a medium model containing limited water body,we use the finite different method to simulate the effect of the water level,excitation energy and focal depth.The results show that the influence on the waveform amplitude caused by the water level changing is very large near the water body,and that a high water level or large amplitude change can have a larger effect.However,for stations beyond a certain epicentral distance,the influence will be weakened and kept stable.As for the Binchuan airgun source,amplitude fluctuation caused by the water level changing becomes very small(±0.05 times)after propagating a certain distance,so we can remove the influence of the water level changing by referring to the numerical simulation result.Wave amplitude increases linearly with the excitation energy and focal depth,therefore,the greater the energy and the deeper the focal depth,the better the effect of the excitation,and is more conducive in detecting remote and deep penetration underground structures.

A multi-source data fusion modeling method for debris flow prevention engineering

The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of debris flow prevention engineering are the boundary of a debris flow prevention simulation,which provides accurate and reliable DEM data and is a key consideration in debris flow prevention simulations.Thus,this paper proposes a multi-source data fusion method.First,we constructed 3D models of debris flow prevention using virtual reality technology according to the relevant specifications.The 3D spatial data generated by 3D modeling were converted into DEM data for debris flow prevention engineering.Then,the accuracy and applicability of the DEM data were verified by the error analysis testing and fusion testing of the debris flow prevention simulation.Finally,we propose the Levels of Detail algorithm based on the quadtree structure to realize the visualization of a large-scale disaster prevention scene.The test results reveal that the data fusion method controlled the error rate of the DEM data of the debris flow prevention engineering within an allowable range and generated 3D volume data(obj format)to compensate for the deficiency of the DEM data whereby the 3D internal entity space is not expressed.Additionally,the levels of detailed method can dispatch the data of a large-scale debris flow hazard scene in real time to ensure a realistic 3D visualization.In summary,the proposed methods can be applied to the planning of debris flow prevention engineering and to the simulation of the debris flow prevention process.

Removal of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutants by Artificial Aquatic Food Web System: A Study Case of the Control of Cynobacterial Bloom in Jiyu River

An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for the control of serious cyanobacterial bloom. The AAFW system was a continuous-flow system including one storage basin of 3 m3 capacity with polluted river water (the total nitrogen-TN: 4.49 mg⋅l-1;the total phosphorus-TP: 0.192 mg⋅l-1), one phytoplankton tank of 3 m3 capacity with an initial concentrations of S. obliquus about 5.8 × 103 ind⋅l-1, and one zooplankton growth chamber of 1.5 m3 capacity with an initial abundance of D. pulex about 22.5 ind⋅l-1. The system was optimized by setting hydraulic retention time of phytoplankton tank as 5 days and the experiments were operated for 45 days. Compared with the polluted river, TN and TP were removed about 28% and 47% by the AAFW system, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton decrease from 6.33 mg⋅l-1 to 1.48 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of cyanobacteria decrease from 43.93% to 2.36%, the biomass of Crustacean zooplankton increase from 0.34 mg⋅l-1 to 1.53 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of D. pulex increase from 19.19% to 57.62%. Our results indicated that the AAFW system not only is an efficient, flexible system for reducing nutrient levels in tributary rivers, but also has an ability to control the cyanobacteria bloom and rebuilding the aquatic ecosystem from the polluted river water.

长江下游干流沉积物重金属特征及生态风险评价

【研究目的】长江下游干流沿岸分布众多取水口,为保障用水安全和生态环境健康,亟需了解近岸沉积物中重金属相关现状。【研究方法】调查过程中自上而下分左右岸共采集沉积物样品85组,利用描述统计分析重金属含量特征,综合相关性分析和主成分分析探讨重金属来源,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷法分析重金属污染程度,并评估其潜在生态风险。【研究结果】平均含量由高至低为Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd;上游至下游,Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni呈小幅波动增加趋势,As、Pb呈小幅波动下降趋势,Cd呈较大波动下降趋势;Cd的污染程度最重,主要来源于农业生产等人类活动,1~4级污染分别占比1.18%、1.18%、18.82%和34.12%,Cr和Ni为无污染,主要是工业生产源和地球化学自然源;中等污染程度(1≤PLI_(point)<2)的样点占比34.18%,潜在生态风险指数(RI)为19.48~388.62,轻微潜在生态风险、中等潜在生态风险、强潜在生态风险和极强潜在生态风险占比分别为38.82%、42.35%、17.65%和1.18%。【结论】长江下游干流沉积物中重金属含量较低,流域整体处于轻微—中等风险的无污染状态(PLI_(area)<1),右岸重金属平均含量、污染程度和潜在生态风险均普遍高于左岸。

人民法院多元纠纷解决机制的实证研究——以通辽市各级人民法院“和合无讼”诉源治理模式为切入点

构建多元纠纷解决机制,是贯彻落实中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告提出的“在社会基层坚持和发展新时代‘枫桥经验’”的有力实践。通辽市各级人民法院是内蒙古自治区“人案矛盾”突出的法院之一,总结了做好基层调解的先进经验,形成了符合当地乡规民约的调解方法和解决纠纷的方式。推进多元纠纷解决机制建设,是提升辖区案件审理质效、展现地区法治建设和社会治理成效的必然选择。推进通辽市多元纠纷解决机制建设,加强矛盾纠纷源头治理,将社会纠纷化解于萌芽状态,对筑牢祖国北疆安全稳定屏障具有重要的意义,既是努力实现中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会决策部署的现实需要,又是贯彻落实中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会决策部署的重要举措。通辽市各级人民法院在多元纠纷解决机制工作中取得了一定的成绩和经验,以通辽市各级人民法院“和合无讼”诉源治理模式为切入点,对通辽市各级人民法院构建多元纠纷解决机制的情况、经验、存在的问题进行调查和深度剖析,以期为内蒙古其他地区进一步优化多元纠纷解决机制提供一定的参考。

考虑电压-无功调节的台区互联装置规划方法

伴随分布式能源广泛接入低压配电网,其对配电网运行灵活性和消纳能力的要求不断提高。利用低压柔性互联装置将独立运行的低压配电台区分区互联,避免传统电压调节和无功补偿装置频繁动作。考虑到柔性互联装置造价昂贵,协同传统电压-无功调节装置,文中提出低压柔性互联装置的选址定容规划方法。首先,分析低压柔性互联装置拓扑和运行方式,建立其潮流模型。其次,建立低压柔性互联装置优化配置的双层规划模型,上层规划以年综合费用最小为目标,下层规划考虑电压-无功协调控制时间序列模型,以运行成本和电压偏差最小为目标,基于粒子群优化算法和混合整数二阶锥规划算法交替求解,得出配电系统最优柔性互联方案和最优运行方式。最后,在IEEE 33节点系统上进行实例分析,验证该双层规划算法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法能有效减少柔性互联装置的过度布置,同时减少由分布式能源频繁波动造成的运行成本。将模型凸化并线性化的方法明显提高了求解效率。

龙云灌区新建水源工程正常蓄水位方案比选

水库正常蓄水位方案比选是确定水库规模的一个重要环节,关系到工程实施的经济性和可行性。本文以广西玉林市龙云灌区工程为例,研究提出了串联水库正常蓄水位方案比选的原则和方法,得出了经济合理的正常蓄水位成果。

白酒酿造过程中塑化剂风险控制措施研究

白酒酿造是多种微生物利用粮食等原料进行发酵的过程,此过程不会产生塑化剂,但白酒生产环节如原辅料的输送、输酒管道、储存容器、与酒直接接触包装罐装制品、成品包装用塑料袋或塑料瓶(桶)等,均存在塑化剂迁移的潜在风险。为追溯白酒生产过程中塑化剂的来源,并规避这些风险,从白酒原辅料、白酒生产、储存、包装等全产业链进行调查研究,对存在塑化剂迁移的风险点,进行模拟实验,采用GC-MS方法,对模拟实验样品进行检测并深入分析,找出影响白酒中塑化剂含量的主要因素,对其中的风险点进行风险等级划分并给出具体控制措施(在调酒池刚做好防腐涂层时先用食用酒精浸泡数次,经检测合格后再使用;建议使用不锈钢管替换次灌装线的塑料软管),实验有效地控制和降低了白酒中塑化剂含量,从而保证了白酒的产品品质。本研究结果对白酒企业在酿造产业链预防和控制塑化剂污染的风险具有重要的的指导意义,可促进白酒产业的良性可持续发展。

健康中国背景下医学生心理健康与压力源分析

目的了解健康中国背景下新疆某大学医学生心理健康水平和压力源,并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取2021年2~4月新疆维吾尔自治区某大学4421名医学生,采用症状自评量表(Symptom Check List 90,SCL-90)和当代大学生压力源量表进行问卷调查。结果25.26%医学生存在不同程度SCL-90量表所列症状;SCL-90各因子分均低于全国部分地区大学生常模(P<0.05);SCL-90量表中躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁和恐怖因子得分女生显著高于男生(P<0.05);主要压力源为发展困扰型;疆外生源学生发展困扰型压力源得分高于疆内生源学生(P<0.05);女生压力高于男生,女生发展困扰型、个人管理型、消极事件型压力源得分均高于男生(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,医学生SCL-90得分与压力源得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论新疆维吾尔自治区某大学有25.26%医学生存在不同程度的心理健康问题,女生心理健康水平不如男生。心理健康水平和压力呈正相关,发展困扰型压力成为医学生主要压力源。不同特征医学生的心理健康水平与压力源存在一定的差异。

2019~2022年华北平原典型地区不同污染等级和污染持续时间下的O_(3)污染规律及来源

选取地势复杂的日照市莒县为研究区域,基于2019~2022年莒县省控站点的O_(3)监测数据,按照不同O_(3)污染等级与不同O_(3)污染持续时间对莒县的O_(3)污染天进行分类,探究其污染规律,并采用后向轨迹模型(HYSPLIT)、潜在源分析(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)识别不同O_(3)污染事件下的O_(3)来源.结果显示:2019~2021年莒县O_(3)轻度污染天数由72d下降到38d,2022年反弹,而中度污染天数变化不大;轻微污染天在轻度污染天中占比较高(21.4%~39.5%),表明轻度污染天的改善空间很大,强化轻微污染天管控措施,将有利于将轻度污染天转化为优良天,提高当地空气质量优良率.O_(3)污染过程持续时间越长(如≥3d),污染发生的频率越低,而O_(3)浓度随污染持续时间的增加而升高.HYSPLIT模拟结果显示不同O_(3)污染等级和不同O_(3)污染持续时间的气团轨迹均以莒县东南方向为主,且以中、短距离传输为主,其中中度污染期间来自东南地区的O_(3)-8h-90%浓度最高[(250.0±65.9)µg/m^(3)].PSCF和CWT结果显示,O_(3)潜在源区主要分布在莒县东南方向,长江三角洲地区是莒县O_(3)污染的主要的潜在源区.研究结果对于指导莒县及周边区域的大气污染联防联控具有重要意义.