Determination and Analysis of Contents of Fatty Acids in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)by Gas Chromatography

The contents of five kinds of fatty acids（ palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid） in 56 collected peanut（ Arachis hypogaea Linn.） varieties were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that in the 56 peanut varieties,oleic acid content was in the range of 36. 859%-67. 093%; linoleic acid content was in the range of 14. 122%-61. 025%; palmitic acid content was in the range of 8. 583%-20. 286%; stearic acid content was in the range of 2. 442%-8. 971%; and linolenic acid content was in the range of 0. 028%-0. 093%. Peanut samples No. 9304,9355 and 9353 had higher oleic acid/linoleic acid（ O/L） ratios,which were 4. 751,3. 623 and 3. 049,respectively,while peanut sample No. 9337 exhibited the lowest O/L value of 0. 899.

不同土壤类型对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)籽实镉积累特性的影响

为了在不同土壤环境下选育出低镉(Cd)积累型花生品种以提高花生品质,以‘白沙1016号’品种花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)为供试作物,棕壤和潮土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了2种类型土壤对花生籽实Cd积累特性的影响。结果表明:2种类型土壤条件下的花生籽实生物量差异显著(P<0.05);在供试土壤Cd处理范围内(≤10.0 mg/kg),籽实生物量均随2种土壤Cd处理浓度增加呈"低促高抑"现象。花生籽实对土壤Cd的生物富集系数均随2种土壤Cd处理增加呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05),且土壤类型间差异不显著。花生籽实Cd含量和Cd生物富集量均随2种土壤Cd处理的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),但两者在棕壤介质中均显著大于潮土(P<0.05)。土壤类型对花生籽实Cd积累差异的影响主要体现在籽实Cd含量和生物富集量方面。而土壤pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)等均是影响籽实对Cd积累差异的重要因素。

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.

Functional Analysis of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase on the Lipid Accumulation of Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC;EC 4.1.1.31） catalyses phosphoenolpyruvate（PEP） to yield oxaloacetate,which is involved in protein biosynthesis.Pyruvate kinase（PK;EC 2.7.1.40） catalyzes PEP to yield pyruvate,which is involved in fatty acid synthesis.In this study,five PEPC genes（AhPEPC1,AhPEPC2,AhPEPC3,AhPEPC4,and AhPEPC5） from peanut have been cloned.Using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR approach,the expression pattern of each gene was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties（E11,Hebeigaoyou,Naihan 1,and Huayu 26）.It was found that these five genes shared similar expression behaviors over the developmental stages of E11 with high expression levels at 30 and 40 d after pegging（DAP）;whereas these five genes showed irregular expression patterns during the seed development of Hebeigaoyou.In Naihan 1 and Huayu 26,the expression levels of the five genes remained relatively high in the first stage.The PEPC activity was monitored during the seed development of four peanut varieties and seed oil content was also characterized during whole period of seed development.The PEPC activity followed the oil accumulation pattern during the early stages of development but they showed a significantly negative correlation thereafter.These results suggested that PEPC may play an important role in lipid accumulation during the seed development of four peanut varieties tested.

Drought-induced responses of organic osmolytes and proline metabolism during pre-flowering stage in leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）, an improtant oil crop, usually encounters drought stress in the process of growth and development, especially at pre-flowering stage. In order to gain insight into the drought tolerance potentials based on osmolyte accumulation and metabolism of proline aspects of peanut, pot experiments were conducted with a split-plot design in Tai＇an, Shangdong Province, China in 2013 and 2014. Pre-flowering drought （PFD） stress and optinum irrigation （control, CK） were served as the main plots and the two peanut cultivars Shanhua 11 and Hua 17 served as sub-plots. Shanhua 11 was drought-tolerant cultivar and Hua 17 was drought-sensitive. The content of soluble sugars, soluble protein, free proline and other free amino acids, the activities of enzymes involved in proline metabolism, and malondialdehyde （MDA） content and ion leakage were all investigated in the two cultivars at pre-flowering stage. Results showed that PFD stress significantly increased the levels of soluble protein, free proline and free amino acid, and increased Al-pyrroline-5-car- boxylate synthetase （P-5-CS, EC 2.7.2.11） activity in the leaves of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars. The activity of proline dehydrogenase （proDH） （EC 1.5.99.8） decreased under PFD stress in both cultivars. The leaves of the tolerant cultivar maintained higher increments of osmolyte levels, lower increments of MDA content and ion leakage, as well as a higher increased proportion of P-5-CS activity and higher inhibited proportion of proDH activity under water stress compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar. The study suggests that proline accumulation in peanut leaves under PFD can be explained by the higher enhanced activities of P-5-CS and higher inhibition of proDH. The results will provide useful information for genetic improvement of peanut under drought tolerance.

Identification of main effect and epistatic QTLs controlling initial flowering date in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Initial flowering date(IFD)is closely related to mature period of peanut pods.In present study,a population of recombinant inbred lines(RIL)derived from the cross between Silihong(female parent)and Jinonghei 3(male parent)was used to map QTLs associated with IFD.The RIL population and its two parental cultivars were planted in two locations of Hebei Province,China from 2015 to 2018(eight environments).Based on a high-density genetic linkage map(including 2996 SNP and 330 SSR markers)previously constructed in our laboratory,QTLs were analyzed using phenotypic data and the best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)value of initial flowering date by inclusive composite interval mapping(ICIM)method.Interaction effects between every two QTLs and between individual QTL and environment were also analyzed.In cultivated peanut,IFD was affected by genotypic factor and environments simultaneously,and its broad sense heritability(h2)was estimated as 86.8%。Using the IFD phenotypic data from the eight environments,a total of 19 QTLs for IFD were detected,and the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)by each QTL ranged from 1.15 to 21.82%.Especially,five of them were also detected by the BLUP value of IFD.In addition,12 additive QTLs and 35 pairs of epistatic QTLs(62 loci involved)were identifed by the joint analysis of IFD across eight environments.Three QTLs(qIFDB04.1,qIFDB07.1 and qIFDB08.1)located on chromosome B04,B07 and B08 were identified as main-effect QTL for IFD,which had the most potential to be used in peanut breeding.This study would be helpful for the early-maturity and adaptability breeding in cultivated peanut.

Cloning, Expression Pattern Analysis and Subcellular Localization of Resveratrol Synthase Gene in Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>L.)

Resveratrol synthase (RS) is a key enzyme that plays a critical role in the resveratrol synthesis pathway. In this study, six RS genes were isolated and characterized from peanut variety “Zhenzhu Hong” by silico cloning and RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that deduced amino acid sequences of the six cloned RS genes were highly conserved with a similarity from 95% to 99% when compared to the RS genes which had been deposited at the GenBank. The results of amino acid sequences analysis showed six RS proteins contained the Chal_Sti_Synt_N and ACP_Syn_III_C domains and can be classified to same family but with different evolutionary distance. Expression pattern analysis by QRT-PCR provided evidence indicating that the mRNA of six RS genes were primarily expressed in the peanut shell at different developmental stages with different expression levels, but only lower levels of them were evident in the peanut kernel. The subcellular localization of RS protein in onion epidermal cell was performed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and the green fluorescent was monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results indicated that, RS1 and RS5 were located in the nucleus and plasma membrane respectively, while the RS2, RS3, RS4 and RS6 were located in both nucleus inner membrane and plasma membrane. The data will provide basic information for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and enzyme kinetics underlying the RS genes in the resveratrol synthase pathway.

花生含油量全基因组选择及近红外光谱筛选的育种技术探究

花生含油量对单位面积产油量至关重要。该性状受多个微效基因控制,但可用的紧密连锁标记十分有限,传统的分子标记辅助选择育种准确性不高。全基因组选择作为一种新的育种方法,可实现对数量性状的早期预测;近红外光谱分析可对作物品质性状(如含油量等)进行无损检测。通过两者优势互补,建立花生含油量全基因组选择和近红外光谱筛选联合的育种技术,探讨影响花生含油量全基因组选择预测准确性的因素,为花生分子育种奠定理论基础。本研究以216个重组自交系为材料构建训练群体;分别以139、464和505株F_(2)、F_(3)和F_(4)为材料构建育种群体;利用自主开发的“PeanutGBTS40K”液相芯片进行基因分型,开展含油量全基因组选择育种模型分析;通过联合全基因组选择和近红外光谱筛选技术,开展花生含油量性状的育种应用,并评价其育种效果。结果显示,对训练群体进行基因分型后,总共获得30,355个高质量SNPs,并用于11个全基因组预测的模型选择分析。含油量预测准确性最高的模型为rrBLUP,其次是randomforest和svmrbf。以重组自交系为预测群体,F_(2)、F_(3)和F_(4)各世代含油量的预测准确性分别为0.116、0.128和0.119;以重组自交系叠加上一轮的育种群体为预测群体,各世代含油量的预测准确性分别为0.116、0.131和0.160。全基因组选择联合近红外筛选要比单独的全基因组选择对各世代的含油量选择效果提高1.8%、2.7%和3.4%;与单独的近红外筛选相比,差异不显著(0.10%、0.06%和0.07%);而近红外筛选与全基因组选择相比,含油量可显著提高1.7%、2.6%和3.3%。通过联合全基因组选择和近红外光谱筛选育种,F_(3)和F_(4)分别比F_(2)的含油量提高1.2%和1.0%。F_(4)总共获得16个入选改良株系,有10个株系含油量≥55.0%,其中2个株系(SF_(4)_201和SF_(4)_379)的理论产量分别比对照增产7.0%和11.1%。本研究通过建立花生含油量性状的全基因组选择-近红外光谱筛选联合育种技术,可有效实现花生含油量性状的遗传改良。

盐胁迫下氮素对花生种子萌发和种子际细菌菌群结构的调控

【目的】盐胁迫影响花生种子萌发和植株生长,阐明盐胁迫下适量施肥提高种子萌发率和花生产量的内在调控机制,并解析该过程与种子际土壤细菌菌群结构的关系,为通过改良种子际土壤微生物环境,提高花生出苗健苗率、耐盐抗逆性和花生生产能力提供理论和技术依据。【方法】以耐盐花生品种(花育25号,HY25)为试验材料,设置3个氮素水平0、90和180 kg/hm^(2),采用盆栽试验和高通量测序技术,阐明氮肥施用对盐胁迫下花生种子际微生物菌群结构、花生发芽出苗和产量的影响。【结果】施加氮肥可有效提高花生种子在盐胁迫下的发芽率和最终产量,并以施氮量90 kg/hm^(2)最适。16S rRNA测序分析显示,种子际的土壤细菌以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及芽孢杆菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)等为优势菌门。在属水平上,盐胁迫虽然提高了有益菌属拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的相对丰度,但同时导致有害的链球菌属(Streptococcus)增多,最终降低了有益菌属芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)的相对丰度。盐胁迫下施氮可以显著改善种子际的土壤微环境,提高有益菌属拟杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、鞘脂单胞菌属的相对丰度,对土壤修复和地力提升有一定的帮助,同时还能增强花生抗逆性。【结论】盐胁迫下适量施氮可提高种子际有益菌属的相对丰度,从而提高花生种子的发芽率和耐盐性,最终促进盐胁迫下的花生增产。

花生分子标记辅助育种研究进展与展望

花生是重要的食用植物油和植物蛋白来源,高产优质抗病是花生新品种选育的主要目标。目前生产上大面积推广的优良品种主要以传统杂交育种技术选育而成,育种周期长、效率低、成本高。分子标记辅助选择可显著提高育种的精准性和效率。高密度的基因型数据是花生产量、品质、抗病性状QTL定位和开发分子标记的基础。2019年我国花生骨干亲本狮头企和伏花生以及美国匍匐型花生品种Tifrunner的基因组序列相继公布,极大推动了花生重要农艺性状的分子标记开发和应用。近年来,花生籽仁油酸含量、脂肪含量等品质性状,根结线虫病、锈病、叶斑病、青枯病等抗病性状,以及荚果、籽仁大小等产量组成性状的分子标记相继被开发。利用分子标记辅助育种,成功选育出了高油酸且高含油量、高油酸且抗病花生新品种或新种质。未来花生分子标记的开发利用需要重视优异野生种质资源的表型精准鉴定,建立高通量表型及基因型检测平台,以及全基因组选择技术策略的应用。

花生栽培种与野生种(Arachis oteroi)人工杂交双二倍体的创制和鉴定

花生野生种是改良花生栽培种的重要基因资源。为了利用野生花生的抗性基因,本研究利用花生栽培品种豫花9331与二倍体野生种A.oteroi人工杂交,借助胚拯救和染色体秋水仙素加倍,创制一个双二倍体杂种Am E-4,并利用荧光原位杂交和分子标记技术准确鉴定了该双二倍体。观察结果表明,Am E-4的叶片与豫花9331存在显著差异,而主茎高、侧枝长和总分枝数等性状与豫花9331差异不显著。Am E-4开花期较豫花9331推迟60 d,结实性与荚果发育状况较差,不利于Am E-4的育种利用。同时,开发了57个追踪Am E-4中A.oteroi染色体的显性或共显性SSR标记,为创制和鉴定花生栽培种A.oteroi易位系或渐渗系奠定分子基础。

花生ASR基因家族特性及其对干旱和盐胁迫的响应

【目的】探究花生ASR基因家族特性及其在干旱和盐胁迫响应中的作用,为培育花生抗旱抗盐新品种提供潜在基因位点。【方法】通过生物信息学方法在全基因组水平鉴定花生ASR家族并分析其基本特性,借助转录组数据分析其在200 mmol/L NaCl及模拟干旱PEG处理后的表达变化。【结果】(1)鉴定到7个花生ASR基因,pI为5.34~6.98,蛋白脂肪系数为23.77~56.84,GRAVY值均为负值,表明这7个蛋白均是亲水性蛋白;(2)AhASR3与AhASR7基因表达模式相似,转录水平较高,基因结构及蛋白结构域和保守基序的位置和数量较相似,motif 5、6、9仅存在于AhASR3与AhASR7蛋白中;(3)AhASR1、AhASR5及AhASR2的启动子区域有干旱诱导MYB转录因子的结合位点,发现AhASR1、AhASR2及AhASR4的启动子区有ABA响应元件;(4)AhASR2、AhASR3及AhASR7在200 mmol/L NaCl处理后根部出现较明显转录上调;(5)AhASR1、AhASR3、AhASR4及AhASR7分别在PEG处理4 h和8 h后,转录水平出现2倍以上上调。【结论】花生ASR家族蛋白均为亲水性蛋白,各成员之间既有保守结构域也有特异性序列,大部分成员启动子区都具有干旱响应相关元件,并受到盐处理以及模拟干旱处理的诱导表达,可作为耐盐耐旱花生品种培育的重要候选基因。

花生籽仁油酸、亚油酸含量近红外模型构建及育种应用

高油酸遗传改良对于花生品质、营养价值及耐贮藏性的提升有重要意义,建立准确、快速、无损检测花生油酸和亚油酸含量的近红外分析技术将为推进高油酸花生育种步伐提供支撑。本研究选择50份种皮颜色、油酸含量和亚油酸含量变异丰富的花生材料构建近红外分析模型,油酸和亚油酸模型的决定系数R^(2)分别为0.9318和0.9225;将15份未参加建模的花生材料作为外部验证集,各材料油酸含量预测值与化学值的偏差为-7.31%~1.92%,模型的决定系数为0.9761;亚油酸含量预测值与化学值的偏差-0.29%~5.77%,模型的决定系数为0.9812,表明构建的模型具备准确、可靠的预测能力。基于该检测技术,从高油酸杂交组合后代中选育出9个产量为4102.5~5302.5kg/hm^(2),油酸含量在70%以上且农艺性状优良的高油酸花生品系。其中,1个是高油高油酸品系,另有3个是以贵州本地主推品种做亲本杂交选育而来的高油酸品系。

开花下针期干旱胁迫对花生氮代谢的影响

为揭示干旱胁迫下花生氮代谢的生理响应机制,以4个耐旱性差异的花生品种为材料,即耐旱品种NH9(农花9)和HY22(花育22)、旱敏感品种NH16(农花16)和NH21(农花21),通过测定植株氮素积累量、含氮化合物含量和氮代谢关键酶活性等指标的响应规律,研究了开花下针期干旱胁迫对花生氮代谢的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下4个花生品种各器官的氮素积累量均降低,但NH9和HY22的降低幅度较NH16和NH21小;NH9和HY22的硝态氮、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量呈增加趋势,增幅为4.60%~53.77%,而NH16和NH21的含氮化合物含量随干旱胁迫时间延长显著降低;NH9和HY22的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺还原酶、谷氨酸合成酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性明显增强,而NH16和NH21的氮代谢关键酶活性显著下降,降幅为2.99%~46.85%。干旱复水后,NH9和HY22的氮素含量、含氮化合物含量及氮代谢相关酶活性恢复能力较强,而NH16和NH21与正常供水相比仍差异显著。综上,干旱胁迫下耐旱花生品种能通过增强氮代谢关键酶活性,促进氮素同化,提高脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白等含氮化合物的积累,有效减轻干旱损伤。

花生铝响应类受体蛋白激酶AhPRK4的原核表达分析

花粉类受体蛋白激酶(pollen receptor-like protein kinase,PRK)是一类富含LRR结构域的类受体蛋白激酶,不仅在花粉发育和植物受精中发挥作用,也在胁迫响应中发挥作用。基于对前期花生根尖铝胁迫转录组数据的分析,我们发现了在转录水平响应铝胁迫的花粉类受体蛋白激酶基因AhPRK 4,为探究AhPRK 4在花生铝胁迫中的功能,该文进一步分析了铝胁迫处理下AhPRK 4在花生耐铝品种‘99-1507’和铝敏感品种‘中花2号’(‘ZH2’)根尖中的转录变化,通过序列分析、进化树构建等分析了AhPRK4蛋白的结构特点和亲缘关系,克隆了AhPRK 4的胞内域序列(AhPRK4-CD),并通过原核表达和体外磷酸化体系分析了AhPRK4-CD的自磷酸化活性。结果表明:(1)不同铝处理时间及不同铝浓度处理后,AhPRK 4的转录水平上调,显著响应铝处理,是铝诱导基因;(2)AhPRK4含有673个氨基酸,属于LRR-III蛋白激酶家族成员,具跨膜域和信号肽,且预测具有磷酸化活性位点;(3)体外诱导表达出约71 kD的可溶性蛋白(GST-AhPRK4-CD),经凝胶亲和层析纯化,得到基于蛋白印迹实验(Western Blot)验证正确的重组蛋白,重组蛋白可发生磷酸化修饰,但无明显的自磷酸化现象。综上认为,AhPRK 4是一个铝胁迫应答基因,参与花生铝胁迫早期应答机制,且能发生磷酸化修饰。

不同生育期花生渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性对土壤水分的响应

通过防雨棚池栽试验,以不同花生品种为试材,研究了不同生育时期非充分灌溉对花生品种各生育期叶片膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,苗期和花针期灌水,叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和丙二醛(MDA)含量均有不同程度的降低。随生育期推进和土壤水分降低,其活性升高,但升幅因品种、抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质类型有异,两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(Pr)、游离氨基酸(AA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均以对水分最为敏感的花针期升幅较大,且花育27号的SOD、CAT、Pr和AA的升幅大于花育20号;结荚期灌水后,各抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质未表现降低。两品种全生育期灌水处理与苗期灌水处理间的抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和MDA含量差异均不显著。水分胁迫初期,抗氧化酶活性升高,但随胁迫时间延长其活性明显降低;而渗透调节物质和MDA含量显著高于各生育期灌水处理。POD活性变化对灌水处理响应较弱,SOD和CAT是花生适应土壤水逆境的主要保护酶。灌水处理对花生叶片抗氧化及渗透调节能力表现为花针期>结荚期>苗期,各渗透物质调节能力依次表现为脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质>可溶性糖>游离氨基酸。

不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育及其对干旱胁迫的响应

为明确不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育特征,探讨其根系形态发育特征对不同土壤水分状况的响应机制,在防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验,研究抗旱型品种"花育22号"、"唐科8号"和干旱敏感型品种"花育23号"3个不同抗旱性花生品种根系形态发育特征及其对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:抗旱型品种根系较发达,具有较大的根系生物量、总根长、总根系表面积。干旱胁迫使抗旱型品种根系总表面积和体积增加,而干旱敏感型品种则相反。干旱胁迫显著增加抗旱型品种"花育22号"20 cm以下土层内根长密度分布比例及根系表面积和体积,但"唐科8号"相应根系性状仅在20—40 cm土层内增加;干旱胁迫使干旱敏感型品种"花育23号"40 cm以下土层内各根系性状升高,但未达显著水平且其深层土壤内各根系性状增加幅度小于"花育22号"。花生根系总长、总表面积及0—20 cm土层内根系性状与产量间呈显著或极显著正相关。土壤水分亏缺条件下,花生主要通过增加深层土壤内根长、根系表面积和体积等形态特性,优化空间分布构型,以调节植株对水分的利用。

不同生育期花生叶片蛋白质含量及氮代谢相关酶活性分析

以5个珍珠豆型花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)品种(系)‘汕E’(‘Shan E’)、‘汕G’(‘Shan G’)、‘TH’、‘TJ’和‘泉花7号’(‘Quanhua No.7’)为研究对象,分析了花针期、结荚期和饱果期花生叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量及硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性的变化趋势,并比较了5个品种(系)荚果和秆产量的差异。结果表明:在3个生育期内,5个花生品种(系)叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和GDH活性的变化趋势基本一致,而NR和GS活性的变化趋势则有差异。其中,可溶性蛋白质含量均呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势,在结荚期最高;GDH活性均逐渐升高,至饱果期达最高;‘泉花7号’叶片NR活性呈"高—低—高"的变化趋势,而其他4个品种(系)叶片NR活性均逐渐降低;‘汕E’、‘TJ’和‘泉花7号’叶片GS活性呈逐渐降低趋势,而‘汕G’和‘TH’叶片GS活性呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势。总体上看,5个品种(系)中,‘汕G’和‘泉花7号’叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量及NR和GDH活性、‘汕E’叶片的NR和GS活性以及‘TH’叶片的GDH活性均较高。5个品种(系)的2个产量指标(单株荚果鲜质量和单株秆鲜质量)均有明显差异,总体上看,‘汕G’、‘泉花7号’和‘TH’的2个产量指标均较高,而‘汕E’和‘TJ’的2个产量指标均较低。综合分析结果显示:‘汕G’和‘泉花7号’叶片可溶性蛋白质含量及NR和GDH活性均相对较高,其荚果和秆产量也均较高,表明花生荚果和秆产量与不同生育期叶片氮代谢水平有一定关系。

花生黄曲霉侵染抗性的AFLP标记

本研究利用抗、感黄曲霉侵染的花生品种为亲本配制杂交组合“中花5号×J11”,以其F2分离群体为研究材料,采用AFLP技术和BSA分析方法,获得了与花生黄曲霉菌侵染抗性连锁的2个分子标记,标记与抗性间的遗传距离分别为8.8 cM和6.6 cM;利用获得的分子标记对抗、感黄曲霉的花生种质资源进行了分子鉴定,试验结果表明,分子标记与抗性鉴定结果具有较高的一致性,证实了两标记应用于研究群体之外的育种潜力。该抗侵染分子标记的建立为开展花生抗黄曲霉侵染辅助选择育种提供了有效的筛选技术。