Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of measurements reproducibility. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference ...Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of measurements reproducibility. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference between two correlated SNRs when the readings are from bivariate normal and bivariate lognormal distribution. We use the Pearsons system of curves to approximate the difference between the two estimates and use the bootstrap methods to validate the approximate distributions of the statistic of interest. Methods: The paper uses the delta method to find the first four central moments, and hence the skewness and kurtosis which are important in the determination of the parameters of the Pearsons distribution. Results: The approach is illustrated in two examples;one from veterinary microbiology and food safety data and the other on data from clinical medicine. We derived the four central moments of the target statistics, together with the bootstrap method to evaluate the parameters of Pearsons distribution. The fitted Pearsons curves of Types I and II were recommended based on the available data. The R-codes are also provided to be readily used by the readers.展开更多
Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids a...Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.展开更多
Dislocation distribution functions of the edges of mode Ⅲ propagation crack subjected to three types of loads were studied by the methods of the theory of complex variable functions,by which,the problems researched w...Dislocation distribution functions of the edges of mode Ⅲ propagation crack subjected to three types of loads were studied by the methods of the theory of complex variable functions,by which,the problems researched were facilely transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problems and Keldysh-Sedov mixed boundary value problems. Analytical solutions of stresses,displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor were obtained by the measures of the theory of self-similar functions and corresponding differential and integral operation. In terms of the relationship between dislocation distribution functions and displacements,analytical solutions of dislocation distribution functions were obttained,and variational rules of dislocation distribution functions were depicted.展开更多
The stability constants and species distributions of complexes of two lanthanide ions, Eu（Ⅲ） and Tb（Ⅲ）, with a macrocyclic ligand, BDBPH, in 1：1 and 2：lsystem, were determined potentiometrically at 25.0 ℃ and...The stability constants and species distributions of complexes of two lanthanide ions, Eu（Ⅲ） and Tb（Ⅲ）, with a macrocyclic ligand, BDBPH, in 1：1 and 2：lsystem, were determined potentiometrically at 25.0 ℃ and I=0.100 mol L^-l. The two metal ions could form deprotonated mono- or dinuclear complexes with BDBPH after the first two protons of the ligand completely neutralized. At higher pH values, Eu（Ⅲ） could not form hydroxy complexes with BDBPH, while Tb（Ⅲ） could form hydroxy complexes in the type of M2L（OH）, M2L（OH）2, and M2L（OH）3.展开更多
The performance of a distributed Neyman-Pearson detection system is considered with the decision rules of the sensors given and the decisions from different sensors being mutually independent conditioned on both hypot...The performance of a distributed Neyman-Pearson detection system is considered with the decision rules of the sensors given and the decisions from different sensors being mutually independent conditioned on both hypothese. To achieve the better performance at the fusion center for a general detection system of n 〉 3 sensor configuration, the necessary and sufficient conditions are derived by comparing the probability of detec- tion at the fusion center with that of each of the sensors, with the constraint that the probability of false alarm at the fusion center is equal to that of the sensor. The conditions are related with the performances of the sensors and using the results we can predict the performance at the fusion center of a distributed detection system and can choose appropriate sensors to construct efficient distributed detection systems.展开更多
文摘Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of measurements reproducibility. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference between two correlated SNRs when the readings are from bivariate normal and bivariate lognormal distribution. We use the Pearsons system of curves to approximate the difference between the two estimates and use the bootstrap methods to validate the approximate distributions of the statistic of interest. Methods: The paper uses the delta method to find the first four central moments, and hence the skewness and kurtosis which are important in the determination of the parameters of the Pearsons distribution. Results: The approach is illustrated in two examples;one from veterinary microbiology and food safety data and the other on data from clinical medicine. We derived the four central moments of the target statistics, together with the bootstrap method to evaluate the parameters of Pearsons distribution. The fitted Pearsons curves of Types I and II were recommended based on the available data. The R-codes are also provided to be readily used by the readers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143033 and 32001574)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(2060203-2).
文摘Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.
基金Sponsored by the Postdoctoral Science Fundation of China (Grant No. 200303337 )the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30205035)
文摘Dislocation distribution functions of the edges of mode Ⅲ propagation crack subjected to three types of loads were studied by the methods of the theory of complex variable functions,by which,the problems researched were facilely transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problems and Keldysh-Sedov mixed boundary value problems. Analytical solutions of stresses,displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor were obtained by the measures of the theory of self-similar functions and corresponding differential and integral operation. In terms of the relationship between dislocation distribution functions and displacements,analytical solutions of dislocation distribution functions were obttained,and variational rules of dislocation distribution functions were depicted.
文摘The stability constants and species distributions of complexes of two lanthanide ions, Eu（Ⅲ） and Tb（Ⅲ）, with a macrocyclic ligand, BDBPH, in 1：1 and 2：lsystem, were determined potentiometrically at 25.0 ℃ and I=0.100 mol L^-l. The two metal ions could form deprotonated mono- or dinuclear complexes with BDBPH after the first two protons of the ligand completely neutralized. At higher pH values, Eu（Ⅲ） could not form hydroxy complexes with BDBPH, while Tb（Ⅲ） could form hydroxy complexes in the type of M2L（OH）, M2L（OH）2, and M2L（OH）3.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60232010)
文摘The performance of a distributed Neyman-Pearson detection system is considered with the decision rules of the sensors given and the decisions from different sensors being mutually independent conditioned on both hypothese. To achieve the better performance at the fusion center for a general detection system of n 〉 3 sensor configuration, the necessary and sufficient conditions are derived by comparing the probability of detec- tion at the fusion center with that of each of the sensors, with the constraint that the probability of false alarm at the fusion center is equal to that of the sensor. The conditions are related with the performances of the sensors and using the results we can predict the performance at the fusion center of a distributed detection system and can choose appropriate sensors to construct efficient distributed detection systems.
