The group of peasant laborer, being a beneficial group in present Chinese society, has already come into being, which is both outcome of duality and the important strength breaking duality in Chinese society. However,...The group of peasant laborer, being a beneficial group in present Chinese society, has already come into being, which is both outcome of duality and the important strength breaking duality in Chinese society. However, for a long time the severe maladjustments of peasant laborer group＇s not only engender the injustice of their position but also do harm to the development of social structure and economic growth in China. Therefore, describing the position of peasant laborer group and analyzing the consequence which causes by their imbalance position may have significant impact on perfecting Chinese social structure and attaining the objectives of combining the city with countryside in theory and practice.展开更多
Taking advantage of company survey data,this paper examines the responsiveness of enterprises in manufacturing sectors to the recent labor market changes characterized by surging wages and shrinking unskilled workers....Taking advantage of company survey data,this paper examines the responsiveness of enterprises in manufacturing sectors to the recent labor market changes characterized by surging wages and shrinking unskilled workers.The result shows that the labor demand elasticity with regard to output is substantial.In other words,growing manufacturing will keep creating jobs and intensify labor scarcity in China.The wage elasticity is-0.40 for unskilled workers and-0.53 for skilled workers,which indicates that Chinese companies are quite responsive to the recent labor market changes.There exists a kind of substitution effect between skilled and unskilled workers,however,the magnitude of elasticity remains small.To promote economic upgrading in China's labor market,institutional and industrial policies should encourage companies to be responsive to the warning signals from the market of production factor.展开更多
Under the planned economy,China’s distribution relations were relations among the state,state-run enterprises,employees and the collective economy;relations between heavy industry and light industry;and relations bet...Under the planned economy,China’s distribution relations were relations among the state,state-run enterprises,employees and the collective economy;relations between heavy industry and light industry;and relations between cities and the countryside.After China’s transition to a market-oriented economy,the distribution relations among the state,state-run enterprises and employees evolved into distribution relations between the government,enterprises and households;the distribution relations between heavy industry and light industry evolved into distribution relations between the state sector and the private sector;and the distribution relations between cities and the countryside evolved into distribution relations between original urban dwellers and migrant populations.Wage system reform was carried out throughout the transition of these three types of distribution relations.Income distribution contradictions in China,which are a problem left over from history and intrinsic to the market-based economy,eased over the years.Some people and regions achieved prosperity,and urban-rural and interregional income gaps narrowed.However,widening household income gaps pose barriers to China’s economic sustainability and vision of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Mechanisms to promote common prosperity are incomplete and inadequate.The disequilibrium of functional distribution is an important cause of these income inequalities.The overall wage level of ordinary workers is low.In the future,China'should give full play to the decisive role of the market in primary distribution to ensure proper return to all types of factors,and enhance redistribution to achieve common prosperity for all its people.展开更多
On the strength of expounding the general situation of study area and the status quo of agricultural laborers in China, the changes of the scale and structure of agricultural laborer from 1985 to 2009 are analyzed by ...On the strength of expounding the general situation of study area and the status quo of agricultural laborers in China, the changes of the scale and structure of agricultural laborer from 1985 to 2009 are analyzed by relying on the survey from farmers and statistical data from the government. The causes of these changes are analyzed from the aspects of rural farmland policy,birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and industrialization. Based on the study on the causes, the impacts of the changes on food production are analyzed from operation scale of household, the grain cropping area, the multi-cropping index and land productivity. The results show that the quality of agricultural laborers is decreasing form 1985 to 2009, which is characterized by the lack of middle-aged agricultural laborers and the aging of agricultural laborers. The causes of the changes include farmland policy, birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and urbanization. The shrinkage of agricultural laborers has grave impact on the multiple-cropping index. In addition, the land productivity is comprehensively affected by the scale and structure of agricultural laborers.展开更多
Labor shortage and the rise of wages in China have generated heated debate on the arrival of the Lewisian Turning Point. Based on an empirical study of macroeconomic data for 284 prefecture-level cities, this paper ar...Labor shortage and the rise of wages in China have generated heated debate on the arrival of the Lewisian Turning Point. Based on an empirical study of macroeconomic data for 284 prefecture-level cities, this paper argues that the dual economy transition in China involves the coexistence of urbanization, industrialization and open economy. However, China has not yet arrived at the Lewisian Turning Point, because wage gaps between different industries and regions still exist and surplus labor is still being attracted to the labor-intensive manufacturing and tertiary industries in the eastern provinces. External economic shock and the mismatch between industrialization and urbanization are the primary causes of the coexistence of labor surplus and labor shortage.展开更多
Studies on long-term wage levels of rural migrant workers are rarely found in relevant literature. On the basis of systematic collection of statistical data, this paper gives a quantitative estimation of the wage leve...Studies on long-term wage levels of rural migrant workers are rarely found in relevant literature. On the basis of systematic collection of statistical data, this paper gives a quantitative estimation of the wage level of rural migrant workers in China and its evolution following pro market reforms since 1978. Results indicate that over the past 30 years, the nominal monetary wage of migrant workers maintained a 10% average annual increase. Real wage levels adjusted by the consumer price index （CPI） experienced three stages of evolution： initially, migrant workers earned a higher average monetary salary than formal employees, whereas this situation reversed in later stages.展开更多
基金Social Sciences Fund of Heilongjiang Province(06B002)
文摘The group of peasant laborer, being a beneficial group in present Chinese society, has already come into being, which is both outcome of duality and the important strength breaking duality in Chinese society. However, for a long time the severe maladjustments of peasant laborer group＇s not only engender the injustice of their position but also do harm to the development of social structure and economic growth in China. Therefore, describing the position of peasant laborer group and analyzing the consequence which causes by their imbalance position may have significant impact on perfecting Chinese social structure and attaining the objectives of combining the city with countryside in theory and practice.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China grant 71173234the Asian Development Bankthe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
文摘Taking advantage of company survey data,this paper examines the responsiveness of enterprises in manufacturing sectors to the recent labor market changes characterized by surging wages and shrinking unskilled workers.The result shows that the labor demand elasticity with regard to output is substantial.In other words,growing manufacturing will keep creating jobs and intensify labor scarcity in China.The wage elasticity is-0.40 for unskilled workers and-0.53 for skilled workers,which indicates that Chinese companies are quite responsive to the recent labor market changes.There exists a kind of substitution effect between skilled and unskilled workers,however,the magnitude of elasticity remains small.To promote economic upgrading in China's labor market,institutional and industrial policies should encourage companies to be responsive to the warning signals from the market of production factor.
文摘Under the planned economy,China’s distribution relations were relations among the state,state-run enterprises,employees and the collective economy;relations between heavy industry and light industry;and relations between cities and the countryside.After China’s transition to a market-oriented economy,the distribution relations among the state,state-run enterprises and employees evolved into distribution relations between the government,enterprises and households;the distribution relations between heavy industry and light industry evolved into distribution relations between the state sector and the private sector;and the distribution relations between cities and the countryside evolved into distribution relations between original urban dwellers and migrant populations.Wage system reform was carried out throughout the transition of these three types of distribution relations.Income distribution contradictions in China,which are a problem left over from history and intrinsic to the market-based economy,eased over the years.Some people and regions achieved prosperity,and urban-rural and interregional income gaps narrowed.However,widening household income gaps pose barriers to China’s economic sustainability and vision of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Mechanisms to promote common prosperity are incomplete and inadequate.The disequilibrium of functional distribution is an important cause of these income inequalities.The overall wage level of ordinary workers is low.In the future,China'should give full play to the decisive role of the market in primary distribution to ensure proper return to all types of factors,and enhance redistribution to achieve common prosperity for all its people.
基金Supported by the Humanity and Social Science Programs of Hubei Provincial Department of Education ( 2009Y149)the Project of Excellent Middle-aged People and Young People Team in Colleges and Universities of Hubei Province ( T200708)
文摘On the strength of expounding the general situation of study area and the status quo of agricultural laborers in China, the changes of the scale and structure of agricultural laborer from 1985 to 2009 are analyzed by relying on the survey from farmers and statistical data from the government. The causes of these changes are analyzed from the aspects of rural farmland policy,birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and industrialization. Based on the study on the causes, the impacts of the changes on food production are analyzed from operation scale of household, the grain cropping area, the multi-cropping index and land productivity. The results show that the quality of agricultural laborers is decreasing form 1985 to 2009, which is characterized by the lack of middle-aged agricultural laborers and the aging of agricultural laborers. The causes of the changes include farmland policy, birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and urbanization. The shrinkage of agricultural laborers has grave impact on the multiple-cropping index. In addition, the land productivity is comprehensively affected by the scale and structure of agricultural laborers.
文摘Labor shortage and the rise of wages in China have generated heated debate on the arrival of the Lewisian Turning Point. Based on an empirical study of macroeconomic data for 284 prefecture-level cities, this paper argues that the dual economy transition in China involves the coexistence of urbanization, industrialization and open economy. However, China has not yet arrived at the Lewisian Turning Point, because wage gaps between different industries and regions still exist and surplus labor is still being attracted to the labor-intensive manufacturing and tertiary industries in the eastern provinces. External economic shock and the mismatch between industrialization and urbanization are the primary causes of the coexistence of labor surplus and labor shortage.
文摘Studies on long-term wage levels of rural migrant workers are rarely found in relevant literature. On the basis of systematic collection of statistical data, this paper gives a quantitative estimation of the wage level of rural migrant workers in China and its evolution following pro market reforms since 1978. Results indicate that over the past 30 years, the nominal monetary wage of migrant workers maintained a 10% average annual increase. Real wage levels adjusted by the consumer price index （CPI） experienced three stages of evolution： initially, migrant workers earned a higher average monetary salary than formal employees, whereas this situation reversed in later stages.
