The policy of keeping on good terms with rulers of minority nationalities in the border areas by marriage started from Han Dynasty. It was diplomatically an expedient measure in feudal dynasties, i.e. to make minor sa...The policy of keeping on good terms with rulers of minority nationalities in the border areas by marriage started from Han Dynasty. It was diplomatically an expedient measure in feudal dynasties, i.e. to make minor sacrifices to safeguard major interests when facing powerful enemies. The peaceful time gained in such a way was used to recuperate and build up energy and develop economy. In Tang Dynasty, the policy was expanded to any pacification purpose. According to the statistics, the Tang rulers had applied its special marriage policy for 28 times respectively to such ethnic groups as Tu Jue, Tu Gu Hun, the Tibetan Regime then, Xi, Khitan, Ning Yuan Kingdom, Hui He and Nan Zhao Kingdom. The practice contributed greatly to the stability and prosperity of Tang Dynasty.展开更多
AIM: To report a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in a 48 year old woman that presented with bilateral blurry vision. METHODS: A case report RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman presented with bilateral blurry vision an...AIM: To report a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in a 48 year old woman that presented with bilateral blurry vision. METHODS: A case report RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman presented with bilateral blurry vision and right eye metamorphopsia. The patient had a history of angioid streaks in the left eye ten years ago for which she had received laser surgery and had poor residual vision. Visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and count fingers at 6 feet in the left. Fundus examination showed subretinal hemorrhage and macular thickening on the right and a disciform macular scar with focal atrophic pigment epithelial lesions on the left. Both eyes had angioid streaks and peau d’orange pigmentary pattern of the retina. External examination showed several, yellow skin papules and plaques on the lateral and posterior neck, as well as prominent mental creases. Pathologic examination of skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PXE, showing calcium deposition and fragmented, clumped elastic fibers in the deep reticular dermis. She responded well to intravitreal bevacizumab injections and visual acuity improved to 20/25 OD. Preventative care was emphasized and the patient was referred to cardiology, gastroenterology and human genetics for counseling. CONCLUSION: PXE is a multisystem disorder affecting the dermatologic, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Ophthalmic findings of angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularization in the presence of stereotypical skin changes and prominent mental creases should prompt evaluation for PXE.展开更多
文摘The policy of keeping on good terms with rulers of minority nationalities in the border areas by marriage started from Han Dynasty. It was diplomatically an expedient measure in feudal dynasties, i.e. to make minor sacrifices to safeguard major interests when facing powerful enemies. The peaceful time gained in such a way was used to recuperate and build up energy and develop economy. In Tang Dynasty, the policy was expanded to any pacification purpose. According to the statistics, the Tang rulers had applied its special marriage policy for 28 times respectively to such ethnic groups as Tu Jue, Tu Gu Hun, the Tibetan Regime then, Xi, Khitan, Ning Yuan Kingdom, Hui He and Nan Zhao Kingdom. The practice contributed greatly to the stability and prosperity of Tang Dynasty.
文摘AIM: To report a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in a 48 year old woman that presented with bilateral blurry vision. METHODS: A case report RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman presented with bilateral blurry vision and right eye metamorphopsia. The patient had a history of angioid streaks in the left eye ten years ago for which she had received laser surgery and had poor residual vision. Visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and count fingers at 6 feet in the left. Fundus examination showed subretinal hemorrhage and macular thickening on the right and a disciform macular scar with focal atrophic pigment epithelial lesions on the left. Both eyes had angioid streaks and peau d’orange pigmentary pattern of the retina. External examination showed several, yellow skin papules and plaques on the lateral and posterior neck, as well as prominent mental creases. Pathologic examination of skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PXE, showing calcium deposition and fragmented, clumped elastic fibers in the deep reticular dermis. She responded well to intravitreal bevacizumab injections and visual acuity improved to 20/25 OD. Preventative care was emphasized and the patient was referred to cardiology, gastroenterology and human genetics for counseling. CONCLUSION: PXE is a multisystem disorder affecting the dermatologic, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Ophthalmic findings of angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularization in the presence of stereotypical skin changes and prominent mental creases should prompt evaluation for PXE.
