Isolation and pathogenicity of fungi associated to ambrosia borer (<i>Euplatypus segnis</i>) found injuring pecan (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>) wood

Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this study-were to identify the fungal strains associated to ambrosia borer body and diseased pecan wood and determine their pathogenicity. The results showed that the associated fungi to Euplatypus segnis and damaging the pecan wood were identified as: Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta sp., Phaecylomices sp., Umbeliopsis sp., Torula sp., Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarum oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogenicity tests on healthy 3 year old pecan trees cv. western using Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae suspension conidia shown die back tree branches after 84 days inoculation. The insect in combination with the fungal invasion eventually cause the death of trees. Additionally, the insect contributes to the spread of fungi in pecan nut orchards.

Effects of PBO and PP333 on Shoot Growth,Nutrient Accumulation,and Fruit Quality in Carya Illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’

To enhance the productivity of Carya illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’and mitigate the loss of flowers and fruits,the effects of different concentrations of Piperonyl Butoxide(PBO)wettable powder(2,5,and 10 g·L^(-1))and Paclobutrazol(PP333)(150,300,and 450 mg·L^(-1),based on active ingredients)on 6-year-old‘Shaoxing’plants were investigated with water sprayed as the control.The results showed that:(1)Treatment with 10 g·L^(-1) PBO and 450 mg·L^(-1) PP333 significantly inhibited the excessive growth of‘Shaoxing’branches.Also,10 g·L^(-1) PBO exhibited the best diameter increment effect on fruiting branches,and 150 mg·L^(-1) PP333 exhibited the best diameter increment effect on vegetative branches.(2)The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves treated reached the highest level after treatment with 450 mg·L^(-1) PP333,while the content of starch sugar in leaves reached the highest level after treatment with 300 mg·L^(-1) PP333.The application of PBO and PP333 mitigated the decline in N,P,K,and other nutrient levels observed in the leaves of‘Shaoxing’.As the PBO and PP333 concentrations increased,the nutrient elements in the leaves first increased and then decreased.Among them,300 mg·L^(-1) PP333 treatment exhibited the best effect on increasing the content of N,P,and K in the leaves at the late stage of fruit development.(3)In terms of fruit setting rate and nutritional quality of‘Shaoxing’fruit,5 g·L^(-1) PBO treatment showed the most promising effect on improving fruit setting rate,150 mg·L^(-1) PP333 exhibited the best effect on improving reducing sugar and decreasing tannin content in the kernel,10 g·L^(-1) PBO had the best effect on improving the crude fat content,and 2 g·L^(-1) PBO had the best effect on improving the cellulose content in the kernel.(4)Principal component analysis showed that 450 mg·L^(-1) PP333 treatment had the most comprehensive regulatory effect on the growth and development of current-year branches,leaves,and fruits of‘Shaoxing’.This study provided a theoretical basis and data reference for the growth and development of C.illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’fruits from the perspective of the application of plant growth regulators.

Impact of Organic and Mineral Fertilization in Pecan Nut on Production,Quality and Antioxidant Capacity

The pecan nut is considered one of the most important dried fruits in the world by its classification as healthy food. The nutritional balance in the harvest is crucial for its impact on the production, quality and content of bioactive compounds. This research was carried out in the city of Aldama, Chihuahua (Mexico), where doses of mineral and organic fertilization were tested in L25 Taguchi structure with 6 factors and 5 levels by factor: nitrogen (N) 0 - 240 kg·ha-1, phosphate (P2O5) 0 - 120 kg·ha-1, potassium (K2O) 0 - 100 kg·ha-1, calcium (CaO) 0 - 400 kg·ha-1, liquid humus 0 - 3600 L·ha-1 and solid humus 0 - 8000 kg·ha-1. An average yield of 2.2 t·ha-1 was obtained;145 nuts per kilogram, 60% of the edible part of the nut. The total phenolic content was 225.9 mg gallic acid g-1 and the antioxidant capacity was 180.9 mg Trolox g-1. It is concluded that the factor with the greatest impact on yield, quality and antioxidant capacity in pecan nut was nitrogen. It was also found that the combination of mineral and organic fertilization helps to maintain the production and quality ranges of the nut. In turn, these factors contribute to the increase in the phenolic strength and antioxidant capacity. The optimal fertilization dosis to obtain the maximum levels in production of 3.2 t·ha-1;decrease the number of nuts per kilogram to 135, increase the percentage of the edible part of the nut to 61.8%, the increase in the total phenolic content to 318.6 mg of gallic acid g-1 and in the antioxidant capacity with 187.2 mg of Trolox g-1, was 184 kg·ha-1 of N, 107.4 kg·ha-1 of P2O5, 50 kg·ha-1 of K2O y 2777 L·ha-1 of liquid humus. Finally, the mineral fertilization complemented with organic fertilization is considered a good fertilization strategy for pecan trees and its possible benefits to health and the environment.

Role of the Zinc Nutritional Status on Main Physiological Bioindicators of the Pecan Tree

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Zn nutritional status on the content of pigments, nonstructural carbohydrates, foliage proteins and amino acids of the pecan tree, as possible bioindicators of Zn deficiency. The experimental design was completely random with three Zn nutritional statuses: Normal, Intermediate and Deficient, being selected considering visual symptomatology. On all three nutritional statuses, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments was determined as well as of total soluble proteins and amino acids. Obtained results indicate that Zn deficient nutritional status was characterized by minimum photosynthetic pigment, protein concentrations, maximum amino acid and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations. While the normal Zn nutritional status presented maximum photosynthetic pigments, proteins concentrations, minimum amino acids and carbohydrate concentrations. On the other hand, intermediate Zn nutritional status was characterized by a medium level between the other two Zn nutritional statuses. Finally, we stress the fact that pigments, proteins, amino acids and nonstructural carbohydrates may be good physiological indicators related to Zn nutritional status on pecan trees.

Visual rating and the use of image analysis for assessing canopy density in a pecan provenance collection during leaf fall

A collection representing the native range of pecan was planted at the US DA-ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station,Byron,GA.The collection(867 trees)is a valuable genetic resource for characterizing important horticultural traits.Canopy density during leaf fall is important as the seasonal canopy dynamics provides insights to environmental cues and breeding potential of germplasm.The ability of visual raters to estimate canopy density on a subset of the provenance collection(76 trees)as an indicator of leaf shed during autumn along with image analysis values was explored.Mean canopy density using the image analysis software was less compared to visual estimates(11.9%vs 18.4%,respectively).At higher canopy densities,the raters overestimated foliage density,but overall agreement between raters and measured values was good(ρc=0.849 to 0.915),and inter-rater reliability was high(R^(2)=0.910 to 0.953).The provenance from Missouri(MOL),the northernmost provenance,had the lowest canopy density in November,and results show that the higher the latitude of the provenance,the lower the canopy density.Based on regression,the source provenance latitude explained 0.609 of the variation using image analysis,and0.551 to 0.640 when based on the rater estimates of canopy density.Visual assessment of pecan canopy density due to late season leaf fall for comparing pecan genotypes provides accurate and reliable estimates and could be used in future studies of the whole provenance collection.

Proline and Oxidative Metabolism in Young Pecan Trees Associated with Sulphate Accumulation

Pecan[Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch.]is a deciduous tree whose fruits(nuts)are of high economic value and offer excellent nutritional benefits.However,soils high in sulphates can limit its growth and development.Working with 5-year-old trees of‘Western Schley’pecan grown in soils high in sulphates,the levels of proline and oxidative metabolism were recorded in the leaflets.Results showed that different levels of visible leaflet damage(‘sufficiency’,‘low’,‘moderate’or‘severe’)were associated with different levels of leaflet sulphates(mg kg^(−1)):‘sufficiency’(≤40),‘low’(41–60),‘moderate’(61–80)and‘severe’(80–100).‘Severe’sulphate damage was associated with significant reductions in chlorophyll(TChl)(17.04μg g^(−1)),relative water content(RWC)(50%)and leaf area(LA),and with increases in the concentrations of total carotenoids(TC)and proline(Prl).Increases were also observed in the activities of the oxidative metabolism enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD)(1.82 units min^(−1) g^(−1)),catalase(CAT)(2.86μmol H_(2)O_(2) min^(−1) g^(−1))and antioxidant capacity(AC)(87%DPPH inhibition).However,guaiacol peroxidase(GP)showed a reduction(2.97 nmol GSH min^(−1) g^(−1)).An inverse relationship was found between the sulphate concentration in the leaflets with respect to the evaluated parameters of TChl,TC,RWC,LA,AC,and GP.Proline synthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity indicate salt stress in pecan leaflets in orchards irrigated with deep-well water high in sulphates.

油茶和薄壳山核桃间作对土壤养分和真菌多样性的影响

【目的】探讨油茶和薄壳山核桃间作对土壤养分和真菌多样性的影响。【方法】以油茶单作模式(Cam)、油茶+薄壳山核桃间作模式(Cam&Car)和薄壳山核桃单作模式(Car)3种林地为研究对象,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序等技术,分析0~30 cm林地土壤主要理化性质和酶活性、真菌群落组成结构和多样性以及真菌与土壤环境因子的相关性。【结果】间作模式林地土壤pH值和水解性氮、有效磷、有机质含量均居于Car单作模式和Cam单作模式之间。间作模式一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性,降低了土壤有效钾(AK)、有效硫(AS)、交换性钙(ECa)含量。3种模式土壤真菌测序共获得1 084个OTUs,共有OTUs数量为111个,特有OTUs的数量表现为Car> Cam&Car> Cam。3种模式共鉴定出8门11纲56目131科201属257种真菌,其中Saccharomycetes、Sordariomycetes、Agaricomycetes是3种模式共有优势菌纲,Wickerhamomyces是共有优势菌属。Alpha多样性分析表明,3种模式土壤真菌ACE指数存在显著差异,即Car> Cam&Car> Cam,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数没有显著差异。基于Bray-Curtis距离的土壤真菌群落组成主坐标分析结果表明,Cam&Car间作模式与Car单作模式和Cam单作模式均有交集,其中与Car单作模式交集较多。相关性分析结果表明,属水平主要真菌与土壤环境因子存在相关关系,其中与交换性钙含量、有效钾含量、有效硫含量存在显著性负相关。【结论】油茶与薄壳山核桃间作增大了林地养分消耗,但也一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性和微生物多样性。建议油茶和薄壳山核桃间作时,加大肥力管理,特别是含钙、钾和硫元素肥料的投入。

薄壳山核桃容器育苗技术研究进展

薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)为重要的木本油料树种,也是优良的果用和材用树种,具有较高市场需求。为提升薄壳山核桃容器育苗技术,该文综述薄壳山核桃容器苗嫁接技术及容器类型和规格、基质、外源激素、施肥和底部渗灌等对薄壳山核桃容器育苗的影响。提出加大容器苗优良品种选育、完善容器育苗技术体系和加快容器苗标准化生产等建议,促进薄壳山核桃产业高质量发展。

薄壳山核桃实生单株坚果品质性状评价

对薄壳山核桃36个单株和10个品种的坚果及品质性状指标进行了测定与评价。结果表明:实生单株在坚果形态和品质性状方面均表现出显著的差异,实生单株坚果的形态表现均低于品种,但筛选出单果重1.8 g、仁重0.70 g和出仁率30.03%的极端种质,分别仅为品种中最低值的35.29%、31.53%和73.28%。在品质性状方面,筛选出亚油酸(37.80%)、缩合单宁(27.99 mg·g^(-1))、黄酮(56.1 g·kg-1)和鞣花酸(8111.11μg·g^(-1))含量较高的种质,分别达到最高含量品种的1.70、1.80、1.94和3.63倍。相关性分析显示,油酸与亚油酸和亚麻酸呈极显著负相关,单果重与仁重、果径、果高呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,10个品种与36个单株明显分为两类,其中仁重、果径、单果重、出仁率、果高和缩合单宁含量是区分这两类样本的关键指标。

不同施磷水平下外生菌根真菌对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和磷吸收的影响

采用盆栽实验,比较了低磷(0.05 mmol·L^(-1))和正常施磷(0.50 mmol·L^(-1))下接种土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fries)和豆马勃属菌(Pisolithus sp.)以及未接菌的薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕幼苗在净光合速率、干质量、营养元素吸收以及土壤酶活性的差异。结果显示:低磷条件下,土生空团菌和豆马勃属菌的幼苗菌根侵染率分别为39.9%和35.5%;正常施磷条件下,这2种真菌的幼苗菌根侵染率分别为41.4%和31.9%。总体上看,缺磷会抑制幼苗光合作用,减少干质量以及叶中全氮、全磷和全钾含量;接菌处理促进了幼苗光合作用,增加了干质量以及根、茎、叶中全氮、全磷和全钾含量。低磷条件下,接种豆马勃属菌对幼苗光合作用和干质量增加的提升效果显著优于接种土生空团菌,接种土生空团菌对幼苗营养元素吸收的提升效果总体优于接种豆马勃属菌。低磷条件下,接菌处理提高了土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,降低了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性,且接种豆马勃属菌对土壤酶活性的提升效果优于接种土生空团菌。综合分析认为,外生菌根真菌对薄壳山核桃幼苗在低磷条件下的磷吸收和生长具有明显促进作用,不同菌种对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和土壤酶活性的影响存在差异,在提高磷利用效率和宿主植株干质量方面表现出不同的优势。

基于UPLC-Q-Exactive MS技术3种核桃类种仁中甘油酯组成比较

基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive MS)技术比较分析了山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)、胡桃(Juglans regia Linn.)和薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯的组成及差异,结合LipidSearch软件和混合脂质内标对脂质分子进行定性及定量分析。结果显示:3种核桃类种仁中均鉴定到298个甘油酯,包括245个甘油三酯、38个甘油二酯、1个单半乳糖甘油二酯、9个双半乳糖甘油二酯和5个硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯。偏最小二乘法判别分析得到104个变量投影重要度(VIP)大于1的脂质分子。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为油酸,胡桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为亚油酸。3种核桃类种仁中甘油二酯的主要脂肪酸均为亚油酸,其次为油酸。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁的甘油酯组成更为相近。UPLC-Q-Exactive MS可作为鉴别这3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯组成的有效方式。

薄壳山核桃主栽品种花期观察及品种配置

对薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕8个主栽品种的花期以及8个主栽品种和12个开花结实表现较好的品种的雌花可授期和雄花散粉期进行观察,确定品种配置方案。结果显示:薄壳山核桃8个主栽品种的花期基本在4月中下旬至5月中上旬。‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)的初花期最早,‘金华’(‘Jinhua’)的初花期最晚。‘马罕’(‘Mahan’)的终花期最早,‘金华’的终花期最晚。‘波尼’和‘卡多’(‘Caddo’)雌花的盛花期持续时间为15 d,其余6个主栽品种雌花和雄花的盛花期持续5~9 d。‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’(‘Mandan’)和‘苏普锐尔’(‘Surprize’)的可授期持续11~14 d。总体上看,‘波尼’和‘卡多’的可授期与其余主栽品种的散粉期重叠,且二者的散粉期与其余主栽品种的可授期重叠。‘金华’的可授期与‘马罕’、‘绍兴’(‘Shaoxing’)、‘威奇塔’(‘Wichita’)、‘斯图尔特’(‘Stuart’)和‘特贾斯’(‘Tejas’)的散粉期重叠。8个主栽品种的散粉期持续5~7 d,其中,‘波尼’的散粉期最早开始,‘金华’的散粉期最晚开始。‘金华’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’、‘特贾斯’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘波尼’和‘卡多’的授粉树,‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘马罕’、‘绍兴’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’和‘特贾斯’的授粉树。

不同品种薄壳山核桃幼苗对淹水胁迫的生理响应和耐涝性评价

为给5个不同品种薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)在广西的引种和推广提供科学依据,以绍兴、金华、贝克、卡多和波尼品种2年生薄壳山核桃幼苗为材料,设置半淹水和全淹水处理,研究幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量的变化,并对幼苗的耐涝能力进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种、处理时间和处理方法及其交互作用对SOD、POD、CAT和PPO活性及MDA和SP含量均影响极显著。不同抗氧化酶均能在胁迫初期响应淹水环境;淹水胁迫进行到中后期,大部分品种的MDA含量均处于较高水平,部分品种的抗氧化酶活性和SP含量也均处于较高水平;薄壳山核桃幼苗通过积累SP含量和提高抗氧化酶活性,减轻淹水胁迫造成的损伤。隶属函数分析表明,全淹水和半淹水处理下,金华和卡多品种的耐涝性均较好,绍兴、波尼和贝克品种的耐涝性均较差。

薄壳山核桃木材主要物理力学性质研究

为了发挥薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)树种的多功能效应,弥补我国优质木材资源不足的现状,本研究以23年生的薄壳山核桃为研究对象,分别对木材密度、干缩性、抗压强度、弯曲强度、冲击韧性等物理力学指标进行测定,并分析其各物理力学性能在轴向上的变化以及各指标之间的相关性。结果显示:气干密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗拉强度和冲击韧性分别为0.813 g·m^(-3)、51.7 MPa、108.2 MPa、11.39 GPa、167.8Mpa和121k J·m^(-2),综合强度为159.9MPa;抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度在轴向上变化呈现先增后减趋势,抗弯弹性模量在轴向上变化增长呈上升趋势,冲击韧性在轴向上变化呈递减趋势,说明树高对薄壳山核桃木材5个力学性质方面均有一定的影响;5个力学指标除抗拉强度外彼此之间都存在极显著相关,即4项力学指标之间相互关联。对木材材性进行综合评价结果表明薄壳山核桃木材材性优良,达到国产木材的高等级水平。

河南省薄壳山核桃花期观测及‘波尼’授粉品种选择

为了加快薄壳山核桃在河南地区的推广和发展,试验选取引种于河南南部的22个薄壳山核桃品种及无性系,进行花期观测,并对波尼品种进行人工授粉,通过授粉品种的花粉活力检测及坐果率调查筛选出适宜波尼的授粉树品种。研究表明薄壳山核桃不同品种的花期差异很大,同一品种的雄花和雌花大多数花期不相遇,可给波尼授粉品种有YLC12、YLJ20、YLJ21、YLJ28、特贾斯,其中最适宜的授粉品种为YLJ21。

云南引种9个品种美国山核桃营养成分分析

为探究云南引种美国山核桃品种之间的品质差异,为其深加工和品种选育奠定理论基础,选择9个有代表性的美国山核桃品种,测定其种仁的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、维生素E、微量元素含量和脂肪酸组成,并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:9个品种的美国山核桃种仁粗蛋白质含量在4.37~7.96 g/100 g之间,平均值为5.88 g/100 g;粗脂肪含量在53.21%~74.91%之间,平均值为65.90%;维生素E含量在0.89~1.22 mg/g之间,平均值为1.04 mg/g;9个品种美国山核桃种仁Zn、Fe、Ca含量平均值分别为0.068、0.118、0.514 mg/g,Pb含量平均值为0.115μg/g,低于国标限值;9个品种美国山核桃种仁脂肪酸组成基本一致,主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸等;相关性分析表明各指标间均存在不同程度的正相关或负相关。不同品种美国山核桃在基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成及微量元素含量方面各有侧重,在精深加工过程中需要根据成品、配料、加工工艺等有针对性地选择,在品种培育方面,也可以根据各品种特点进行定向培养。

耕地严控背景下皖北地区薄壳山核桃栽培推广与提质增效路径探索

薄壳山核桃作为木本油料树种在皖北地区表现出较强的生态适应性,综合效益显著,详细介绍了薄壳山核桃在该地区的引种栽培状况、当前收益,分析了当前栽培推广中存在的主要问题,并对下一步薄壳山核桃产业化发展路径,提出了参考意见和建议。

薄壳山核桃抚育成效监测分析与评价

为掌握安徽省森林抚育经营情况,反映森林抚育初步成效,选取临泉县与全椒县薄壳山核桃不同抚育措施的固定标准地作为样地进行连续监测,并分析不同抚育措施对树高与米径生长的影响。

薄壳山核桃SSR-PCR体系优化及引物筛选

【目的】为建立薄壳山核桃SSR-PCR的最佳反应体系,筛选薄壳山核桃高多态性SSR引物,为薄壳山核桃构建指纹图谱、亲缘关系分析、品种鉴定等后续的相关研究提供有力工具。【方法】采用单因素试验与L_(16)(4^(5))正交试验设计相结合的方法,以薄壳山核桃DNA作为模板,对影响薄壳山核桃SSR-PCR反应体系中的6个影响因素(DNA、Mg^(2+)、10×PCR Buffer、引物、Taq酶、dNTPs)进行单因素试验,根据单因素试验的结果确定各影响因素的适宜用量范围,再据此设计正交试验。【结果】根据正交试验扩增结果,确立薄壳山核桃的最佳反应体系(10μL)为:Taq酶0.15 U,Mg^(2+)2.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.1 mmol/L,引物1.0μmol/L,50 ng模板DNA 1.0μL,10×PCR Buffer 1.0μL,ddH_(2)O5.8μL。5个因素影响薄壳山核桃SSR-PCR反应体系的扩增效果,其影响程度大小依次为Taq酶>引物=DNA>Mg^(2+)>dNTPs。以8种薄壳山核桃DNA为模板,4对薄壳山核桃引物对优化后的薄壳山核桃SSR-PCR反应体系进行验证,均扩增出明亮清晰的条带,证明优化后的反应体系稳定可靠。利用优化后的反应体系在283对核桃及山核桃引物中筛选出高多态性薄壳山核桃引物12对,其多态性位点信息数均高于0.5。【结论】优化后的反应体系及筛选出的12对薄壳山核桃引物可直接用于后续的SSR分子标记试验,为薄壳山核桃亲缘关系鉴定、交配系统分析等研究奠定理论基础。

薄壳山核桃黑边平翅斑蚜的发生及综合防治措施

黑边平翅斑蚜是薄壳山核桃的主要害虫之一,严重影响了薄壳山核桃的产量和品质。由于缺乏对该蚜虫的充分认识,之前未能有效地控制其滋生,导致种植园普遍出现了黑边平翅斑蚜的大面积暴发现象。基于此,本研究首先分析了黑边平翅斑蚜大发生的主要原因,进一步明确了其发生规律及危害症状。最后在对各种防治方法进行综合评估后,提出了一系列针对性的防治措施,包括生物防治、化学防治和农业管理等。此外,还探讨了各种防治方法的优缺点,并提出了实际应用中的注意事项和建议,旨在对薄壳山核桃产业的发展和黑边平翅斑蚜防治提供科学的参考和指导。