多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一组生殖内分泌代谢紊乱的综合征,临床以稀发排卵、高雄激素体征、胰岛素抵抗为主要特征,其中育龄期发病率高,对女性生育力造成严重不良影响。PCOS的发生发展涉及多种信号通路,腺苷酸...多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一组生殖内分泌代谢紊乱的综合征,临床以稀发排卵、高雄激素体征、胰岛素抵抗为主要特征,其中育龄期发病率高,对女性生育力造成严重不良影响。PCOS的发生发展涉及多种信号通路,腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)作为细胞能量感受器是其中两个关键靶点。二者在PCOS各个发病部位包括下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴、子宫内膜、脂肪与骨骼肌中发挥重要的调节作用,通过影响细胞自噬、氧化应激、炎症、线粒体功能、葡萄糖摄取等,促进卵泡的发育和成熟,改善胰岛素抵抗。近年来,中医药因其成分多样、靶点众多等优势广泛应用于临床,研究人员已对PCOS的发病以及中药治疗及改善PCOS的机制进行了大量研究,结果提示AMPK与mTOR相关通路在其中发挥关键作用。通过总结中药干预AMPK与mTOR及其相关通路治疗PCOS的研究结果,为临床治疗及基础研究提供参考。展开更多
神经病理性疼痛往往由神经系统原发性损害和功能障碍所引起,患者常表现为自发性疼痛或痛觉过敏症状。近年研究表明,AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为关键的能量调节因子,不仅通过调节糖脂代谢参与维持机体内环...神经病理性疼痛往往由神经系统原发性损害和功能障碍所引起,患者常表现为自发性疼痛或痛觉过敏症状。近年研究表明,AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为关键的能量调节因子,不仅通过调节糖脂代谢参与维持机体内环境稳定,也可以通过相关信号通路调节突触可塑性和神经胶质细胞功能,在一些神经系统疾病的发生与进展中发挥作用。近年来,多项针对神经病理性疼痛的动物模型实验和临床研究表明,在感觉传导通路的多个位点上,AMPK的表达及活性异常,给予AMPK激动剂治疗后,疼痛症状缓解,这提示AMPK的表达/功能异常参与了神经病理性疼痛的发生与维持,因此基于AMPK的镇痛药物研发受到广泛关注。本文就AMPK参与神经病理性疼痛相关机制的进展进行综述,希望能够为相关镇痛药物研发提供参考。展开更多
Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design.Lane formation,a typical self-organizing phenomenon,helps pedestrian system to become more orderly,the majori...Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design.Lane formation,a typical self-organizing phenomenon,helps pedestrian system to become more orderly,the majority of following behavior model and overtaking behavior model are imprecise and unrealistic compared with pedestrian movement in the real world.In this study,a pedestrian dynamic model considering detailed modelling of the following behavior and overtaking behavior is constructed,and a method of measuring the lane formation and pedestrian system order based on information entropy is proposed.Simulation and analysis demonstrate that the following and avoidance behaviors are important factors of lane formation.A high tendency of following results in good lane formation.Both non-selective following behavior and aggressive overtaking behavior cause the system order to decrease.The most orderly following strategy for a pedestrian is to overtake the former pedestrian whose speed is lower than approximately 70%of his own.The influence of the obstacle layout on pedestrian lane and egress efficiency is also studied with this model.The presence of a small obstacle does not obstruct the walking of pedestrians;in contrast,it may help to improve the egress efficiency by guiding the pedestrian flow and mitigating the reduction of pedestrian system orderliness.展开更多
文摘多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一组生殖内分泌代谢紊乱的综合征,临床以稀发排卵、高雄激素体征、胰岛素抵抗为主要特征,其中育龄期发病率高,对女性生育力造成严重不良影响。PCOS的发生发展涉及多种信号通路,腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)作为细胞能量感受器是其中两个关键靶点。二者在PCOS各个发病部位包括下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴、子宫内膜、脂肪与骨骼肌中发挥重要的调节作用,通过影响细胞自噬、氧化应激、炎症、线粒体功能、葡萄糖摄取等,促进卵泡的发育和成熟,改善胰岛素抵抗。近年来,中医药因其成分多样、靶点众多等优势广泛应用于临床,研究人员已对PCOS的发病以及中药治疗及改善PCOS的机制进行了大量研究,结果提示AMPK与mTOR相关通路在其中发挥关键作用。通过总结中药干预AMPK与mTOR及其相关通路治疗PCOS的研究结果,为临床治疗及基础研究提供参考。
文摘神经病理性疼痛往往由神经系统原发性损害和功能障碍所引起,患者常表现为自发性疼痛或痛觉过敏症状。近年研究表明,AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为关键的能量调节因子,不仅通过调节糖脂代谢参与维持机体内环境稳定,也可以通过相关信号通路调节突触可塑性和神经胶质细胞功能,在一些神经系统疾病的发生与进展中发挥作用。近年来,多项针对神经病理性疼痛的动物模型实验和临床研究表明,在感觉传导通路的多个位点上,AMPK的表达及活性异常,给予AMPK激动剂治疗后,疼痛症状缓解,这提示AMPK的表达/功能异常参与了神经病理性疼痛的发生与维持,因此基于AMPK的镇痛药物研发受到广泛关注。本文就AMPK参与神经病理性疼痛相关机制的进展进行综述,希望能够为相关镇痛药物研发提供参考。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71603146).
文摘Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design.Lane formation,a typical self-organizing phenomenon,helps pedestrian system to become more orderly,the majority of following behavior model and overtaking behavior model are imprecise and unrealistic compared with pedestrian movement in the real world.In this study,a pedestrian dynamic model considering detailed modelling of the following behavior and overtaking behavior is constructed,and a method of measuring the lane formation and pedestrian system order based on information entropy is proposed.Simulation and analysis demonstrate that the following and avoidance behaviors are important factors of lane formation.A high tendency of following results in good lane formation.Both non-selective following behavior and aggressive overtaking behavior cause the system order to decrease.The most orderly following strategy for a pedestrian is to overtake the former pedestrian whose speed is lower than approximately 70%of his own.The influence of the obstacle layout on pedestrian lane and egress efficiency is also studied with this model.The presence of a small obstacle does not obstruct the walking of pedestrians;in contrast,it may help to improve the egress efficiency by guiding the pedestrian flow and mitigating the reduction of pedestrian system orderliness.
