State-of-the-Art Analysis and Perspectives for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

As a promising solution to address the“energy trilemma”confronting human society,peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years.When carrying out P2P energy trading,customers with distributed energy resources(DERs)are able to directly trade and share energy with each other.This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers,research projects,and industrial practice.Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed,including market design,trading platforms,physical infrastructure and information and communication technology(ICT)infrastructure,social science perspectives,and policy.For each key aspect,existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented.Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end,summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper.P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world.

计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略

近年来,为实现电气化铁路“双碳”目标,多项铁路用能优化举措投入实施并取得一定成效,然而,单靠能耗优化治标不治本。为根治电气化铁路碳排放问题,在保证系统稳定运行的基础上,基于智能电网理念,提出计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略。首先,构建计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统;然后,基于电力市场电价及新能源出力,采用日前联合调控、日内滚动调节和实时优化控制铁路用能,并通过分层分级优化,打破各“源”端相对独立、各自为政的壁垒,实现多能互补;最后,通过共享储能模式,降低储能装置闲置率并提高新能源利用率。仿真结果表明,该能量管理策略可在保障系统运行稳定和安全的基础上有效地降低系统的运行成本,同时保持良好的电能质量。

端对端交易-云储能市场的非合作联合博弈出清模型

在“碳达峰,碳中和”的背景下,分布式可再生能源的进一步推广是电力系统低碳化的重要路径之一。为了消纳用户侧大量的分布式可再生能源,提出了端对端交易-云储能联合市场以最大化能源卖家的市场收益、最小化能源买家的用电成本。首先将能源买卖双方建模为非合作博弈的关系;其次,在考虑云储能总容量限制的情况下,求解出能源卖家的Nash均衡和能源买家的广义Nash均衡点;然后基于核求解出云储能的合作剩余的最优分配方案;最后使用爱尔兰的社区级微电网作为算例,验证了提出的端对端交易-云储能联合市场的优越性。所提出的联合市场模型能够最大化买卖双方的市场收益,实现了市场参与者效益的帕累托改进,而对比实验中的端对端交易的参与者相较于传统现货市场的参与者而言,购电成本下降了39.68%,云储能市场使得传统市场参与者的总成本降低了27.4%,因此将端对端用能交易与云储能市场耦合起来可以极大地降低用户的发电和购电成本,具有较强的实际应用价值。

Calculation Model and Allocation Strategy of Network Usage Charge for Peer-to-peer and Community-based Energy Transaction Market

The emergence of prosumers in distribution systems has enabled competitive electricity markets to transition from traditional hierarchical structures to more decentralized models such as peer-to-peer(P2P)and community-based(CB)energy transaction markets.However,the network usage charge(NUC)that prosumers pay to the electric power utility for network services is not adjusted to suit these energy transactions,which causes a reduction in revenue streams of the utility.In this study,we propose an NUC calculation method for P2P and CB transactions to address holistically economic and technical issues in transactive energy markets and distribution system operations,respectively.Based on the Nash bargaining(NB)theory,we formulate an NB problem for P2P and CB transactions to solve the conflicts of interest among prosumers,where the problem is further decomposed into two convex subproblems of social welfare maximization and payment bargaining.We then build the NUC calculation model by coupling the NB model and AC optimal power flow model.We also employ the Shapley value to allocate the NUC to consumers fairly for the NUC model of CB transactions.Finally,numerical studies on IEEE 15-bus and 123-bus distribution systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NUC calculation method for P2P and CB transactions.

Enhancing scalability of peer-to-peer energy markets using adaptive segmentation method

This paper proposes an adaptive segmentation method as a market clearing mechanism for peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading scheme with large number of market players.In the proposed method,market players participate in the market by announcing their bids.In the first step,players are assigned to different segments based on their features,where the balanced k-means clustering method is implemented to form segments.These segments are formed based on the similarity between players,where the amount of energy for trade and its corresponding price are considered as features of players.In the next step,a distributed method is employed to clear the market in each segment without any need to private information of players.The novelty of this paper relies on developing an adaptive algorithm for dividing large number of market players into multiple segments to enhance scalability of the P2P trading by reducing data exchange and communication overheads.The proposed approach can be used along with any distributed method for market clearing.In this paper,two different structures including community-based market and decentralized bilateral trading market are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.Simulation results show the beneficial properties of the proposed segmentation method.

内部控制制度制定的目标模式——政府与市场分析

内部控制制度可以由政府或市场来供给。利用交易费用理论,针对我国的具体国情,对我国内部控制制度制定模式应以政府模式为基调,适当引入市场规则。

A Two-stage Peer-to-peer Energy Trading Model for Distribution Systems with Participation of Utility

With the growing penetration of distributed energy resources(DER)in distribution systems,the traditional utility dominated tariff-based business model may no longer meet the need for further development.As a result,the transformation from the traditional tariff-based business model to the emerging peer-to-peer energy trading model has been acknowledged by researchers and policy makers.In this paper,a two-stage peer-to-peer energy trading model is proposed while considering the role of the utility.Specifically,energy transactions between buyers and sellers are optimized in the first stage;the cleared transactions are submitted to the utility for approval in the second stage,which solves a transaction approval model to verify the transactions from the perspective of secure system operations.Indeed,certain transactions mav be disapproved to ensure that all network constraints,such as voltage and line flow limitations,are satisfied.In addition,a comprehensive trading tariff is designed to recover the hidden costs of the utility,such as those associated with network usage,system losses,and ancillary service provision.A modified 33-bus distribution system is adopted to verify the proposed model.

我国内燃牵引动力的新发展

简述了三年来我国内燃牵引和新型内燃牵引动力的发展 ;综述了国产内燃牵引动力技术的发展现状和发展趋势 ;展望了国内外内燃牵引的发展前景 ;

A Grid-friendly Neighborhood Energy Trading Mechanism

More customers are tending to install batteries with photovoltaic(PV), so they can better control their electricity bills. In this context, customers may be tempted to go offgrid at a substantial up-front cost, leading electricity companies into a death spiral, thereby raising electricity price further on those remaining on grid. Neighborhood energy markets can promote the sharing of locally generated renewable energy and encourage prosumers to stay on grid with financial incentives. A novel neighborhood energy trading(NET) mechanism is developed using the topology of existing radial distribution network to encourage sustainable energy sharing in neighborhood and encourage prosumers to stay on grid. This mechanism considers loss, congestion management, and voltage regulation, and it is scalable with low computation and communication overhead.An IEEE test system is used to validate the NET mechanism.The simulation shows that the price and flow results are obtained with fast computation speed(within 10 iterations) and with loss reflected, flow limit reinforced, and voltage regulated.This study proves that the economic demand-supply-based pricing mechanism can be applied effectively in distribution networks to help encourage more renewable energy sharing in sustainable neighborhood and avoid energy network death spiral.