Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall.Pectate lyase(PEL,EC 4.2.2.2)uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave theα-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin.However,limited info...Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall.Pectate lyase(PEL,EC 4.2.2.2)uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave theα-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin.However,limited information is available on the comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of PELs in the Malvaceae.In this study,we identified 597PEL genes from 10 Malvaceae species.Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed that these PELs are classified into six subfamilies:Clades I,II,III,IV,Va,and Vb.The two largest subfamilies,Clades I and II,contained 237 and222 PEL members,respectively.The members of Clades Va and Vb only contained four or five motifs,far fewer than the other subfamilies.Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PEL gene family in Gossypium species.The PELs from Clades I,IV,Va,and Vb were expressed during the fiber elongation stage,but nearly all PEL genes from Clades II and III showed no expression in any of the investigated fiber developmental stages.We further performed single-gene haplotype association analysis in 2,001G.hirsutum accessions and 229 G.barbadense accessions.Interestingly,14 PELs were significantly associated with fiber length and strength traits in G.barbadense with superior fiber quality,while only eight GhPEL genes were found to be significantly associated with fiber quality traits in G.hirsutum.Our findings provide important information for further evolutionary and functional research on the PEL gene family members and their potential use for fiber quality improvement in cotton.展开更多
采用软件Primer premier 5设计引物,从麻类脱胶高效菌株DCE01中克隆出一个果胶酶基因Pel325,重组到表达载体p ET-28a中,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中成功表达。试验结果显示,酶的活性随着底物(橘子果胶)酯化程度的增加而增加。胞内酶用酯化程度...采用软件Primer premier 5设计引物,从麻类脱胶高效菌株DCE01中克隆出一个果胶酶基因Pel325,重组到表达载体p ET-28a中,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中成功表达。试验结果显示,酶的活性随着底物(橘子果胶)酯化程度的增加而增加。胞内酶用酯化程度≥85%的橘子果胶作底物检测时酶活最高(酶活为37.5U/ml),其最适反应温度为55℃,最适反应p H为8.0。该结果可为进一步发掘DCE01菌株的基因资源提供重要科学依据。展开更多
Motion estimation is an important and intensive task in video coding applications. Since the complexity of integer pixel search has been greatly reduced by the numerous fast ME algorithm, the computation overhead requ...Motion estimation is an important and intensive task in video coding applications. Since the complexity of integer pixel search has been greatly reduced by the numerous fast ME algorithm, the computation overhead required by fractional pixel ME has become relatively significant. To reduce the complexity of the fractional pixel ME algorithm, a directionality-based fractional pixel ME algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm efficiently explores the neighborhood positions which with high probability to be the best matching around the minimum one and skips over other unlikely ones. Thus, the proposed algorithm can complete the search by examining only 3 points on appropriate condition instead of 17 search points in the search algorithm of reference software. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm successfully optimizes the fractional-pixel motion search on both half and quarter-pixel accuracy and improves the processing speed with low PSNR penalty.展开更多
In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins...In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins with the amino-acid distribution probability, then we use the Bayes-ian equation to determine the probability that the von Hippel-Lindau disease occurs under a mutation, and finally we attempt to distinguish the classifications of clinical outcomes as well as the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia induced by mutations of von Hippel-Lindau protein. The results show that a patient has 9/10 chance of being von Hippel-Lindau disease when a new mutation occurs in von Hippel- Lindau protein, the possible distinguishing of classifications of clinical outcomes using mod-eling, and the explanation of the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia in modeling view.展开更多
Estrogen exerts its biological effects through two signal pathways,the genomic and non-genomic pathway,both of which contribute to cell homeostasis.The non-genomic pathway has been suggested to be important in estroge...Estrogen exerts its biological effects through two signal pathways,the genomic and non-genomic pathway,both of which contribute to cell homeostasis.The non-genomic pathway has been suggested to be important in estrogen-induced cardio-,neuron-,and osteoprotection,and confers the ability of the cell to rapidly respond to its environment.The effects of the non-genomic pathway are the regulation of different cellular processes,such as proliferation,survival,apoptosis,and other functions in diverse cell-types.The proline-,glutamic acid-,and leucine-rich protein 1(PELP1),is now known as a modulator of the estrogen receptors,and is also a novel coregulator of the non-genomic signal pathway with various functions.Therefore,the evaluation of the molecular crosstalk between PELP1 and the non-genomic pathway may lead to the development of functionally selective estrogen receptor modulators which can participate in the multiple functions of estrogen signaling in reproductive tissues and other organs.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(2023ZD04039-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172008)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang,China(2019R01002)。
文摘Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall.Pectate lyase(PEL,EC 4.2.2.2)uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave theα-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin.However,limited information is available on the comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of PELs in the Malvaceae.In this study,we identified 597PEL genes from 10 Malvaceae species.Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed that these PELs are classified into six subfamilies:Clades I,II,III,IV,Va,and Vb.The two largest subfamilies,Clades I and II,contained 237 and222 PEL members,respectively.The members of Clades Va and Vb only contained four or five motifs,far fewer than the other subfamilies.Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PEL gene family in Gossypium species.The PELs from Clades I,IV,Va,and Vb were expressed during the fiber elongation stage,but nearly all PEL genes from Clades II and III showed no expression in any of the investigated fiber developmental stages.We further performed single-gene haplotype association analysis in 2,001G.hirsutum accessions and 229 G.barbadense accessions.Interestingly,14 PELs were significantly associated with fiber length and strength traits in G.barbadense with superior fiber quality,while only eight GhPEL genes were found to be significantly associated with fiber quality traits in G.hirsutum.Our findings provide important information for further evolutionary and functional research on the PEL gene family members and their potential use for fiber quality improvement in cotton.
文摘Motion estimation is an important and intensive task in video coding applications. Since the complexity of integer pixel search has been greatly reduced by the numerous fast ME algorithm, the computation overhead required by fractional pixel ME has become relatively significant. To reduce the complexity of the fractional pixel ME algorithm, a directionality-based fractional pixel ME algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm efficiently explores the neighborhood positions which with high probability to be the best matching around the minimum one and skips over other unlikely ones. Thus, the proposed algorithm can complete the search by examining only 3 points on appropriate condition instead of 17 search points in the search algorithm of reference software. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm successfully optimizes the fractional-pixel motion search on both half and quarter-pixel accuracy and improves the processing speed with low PSNR penalty.
文摘In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins with the amino-acid distribution probability, then we use the Bayes-ian equation to determine the probability that the von Hippel-Lindau disease occurs under a mutation, and finally we attempt to distinguish the classifications of clinical outcomes as well as the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia induced by mutations of von Hippel-Lindau protein. The results show that a patient has 9/10 chance of being von Hippel-Lindau disease when a new mutation occurs in von Hippel- Lindau protein, the possible distinguishing of classifications of clinical outcomes using mod-eling, and the explanation of the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia in modeling view.
文摘Estrogen exerts its biological effects through two signal pathways,the genomic and non-genomic pathway,both of which contribute to cell homeostasis.The non-genomic pathway has been suggested to be important in estrogen-induced cardio-,neuron-,and osteoprotection,and confers the ability of the cell to rapidly respond to its environment.The effects of the non-genomic pathway are the regulation of different cellular processes,such as proliferation,survival,apoptosis,and other functions in diverse cell-types.The proline-,glutamic acid-,and leucine-rich protein 1(PELP1),is now known as a modulator of the estrogen receptors,and is also a novel coregulator of the non-genomic signal pathway with various functions.Therefore,the evaluation of the molecular crosstalk between PELP1 and the non-genomic pathway may lead to the development of functionally selective estrogen receptor modulators which can participate in the multiple functions of estrogen signaling in reproductive tissues and other organs.
