Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Study on Direct Reduction Characteristics of Iron Ore Coal Mixed Pellets

Iron ore coal mixed pellets are capable of quickly self-reduction. In the years of sixties, the Inmetco process and Midrex Fastmet process for making coal mixed pellets to deal with the secondary dust in iron and steel plant or to produce DRI［1-3］ were developed. Recently, a lot of basic researches on the metallurgical properties of pulverized coal contained in iron ore pellets and their self-reduction reaction rate in the area of melting reduction have been reported［4-6］. But some aspects, for example the mechanisms of self-reduction reaction and reduction desulphurization of iron ore coal mixed pellets, and structure regenesis during reduction, have not been fully studied. In tunnel kiln DRI process based on Hoganas process, using iron ore coal mixed pellets in stead of the layers of iron ore concentrate and coke fine can greatly reduce the reaction time, drop down the energy consumption and raise the productivity. But the strength of DRI produced by iron ore coal mixed pellets, metallization, desulphurization rate and recovery rate are the key problems for DRI production using iron ore coal mixed pellets.

Study on the Evaporation Kinetics of Zinc and Lead in Zn-Pb-Bearing Dust Pellets Mixed with Coal Powder

The study on the evaporation kinetics of zinc and lead in the pellets made of Zn-Pbbearing dust mixed with carbon,in nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature range between 1 100 ℃and 1 300 ℃,shows that the reduction temperature has a significant effect on the evaporation rates of zinc and lead and that both the particle size of coal powder and the extra carbon content have no effect on the evaporation rates.The obtained activation energies for the evaporation of zinc and lead are 79.42 kJ/mol and 88.74 kJ/mol respectively.The evaporation rate of zinc is controlled by the reaction between zinc oxide and CO while that of lead is controlled by lead volatilization and the diffusion of gaseous lead through gas boundary layer covering the surface of liquid lead.

Mixing and segregation of binary mixtures of biomass and silica sand in a fluidized bed

In this work,mixing and segregation of binary mixtures involving biomass materials in a fluidized bed was experimentally investigated.A frozen bed method was employed to investigate both axial and radial distribution of biomass particles in silica sand.Three different biomass materials were studied:willow sawdust,pelletized soy and oat hull materials.Biomass loading investigated ranged from 5% to 30% by weight.The extent of mixing for each of the biomass composition was investigated using Lacey’s mixing index which is based on the standard deviations of the sample at different axial positions in the bed.The radial composition was also investigated by means of digital imaging analysis using a high-resolution digital camera.The experiments revealed the differences in the extent of particle distribution for pelletized biomass materials vs non-densified materials as a result of differences in particle size,density and importantly,the particle shape of the materials utilized.The results showed an increase in the extent of mixing as the fluidizing velocity increased for both pellet materials while the mixing index for sawdust decreased beyond a loading of 20%.With an increase in biomass loading,an increase in mixing index was found for the two pellet materials.A similar trend was observed for sawdust at the lower loading level.However,the mixing index started to decrease at higher loading level beyond 20%.The results greatly contributed to the understanding of the hydrodynamics of binary and multicomponent mixtures involving biomass materials,especially pelletized materials in fluidized beds.

肉羊饲喂全混合颗粒饲料对其采食行为的影响

本试验通过开展粗饲料资源玉米秸秆和苜蓿干草不同比、不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲料肉羊饲喂试验,观察记录肉羊采食行为。最终得出结论:饲喂全混合颗粒饲料,采食时间缩短30~40 min左右,采食速度提高,增加了采食量;粗饲料比例越高,肉羊饮水次数和饮水时间越长;精饲料比例越高,肉羊排便次数增加;精粗比对肉羊的运动和休息时间没有显著影响。通过观测各指标得出结论:A3B2组饲喂效果最好。

基于交互反应优化高球比炉料结构的研究及应用

不同炉料之间存在着交互反应,采用熔滴性能试验,对京唐高炉高球比条件下的合理炉料结构进行了研究。结果表明,不同炉料搭配后软化性能和熔滴性能有明显差异:烧结矿与酸性球团矿、碱性球团矿搭配的炉料结构性能最优;烧结矿与碱性球团矿搭配的炉料结构性能居中;而烧结矿搭配酸性球团矿并配石灰石的的炉料结构性能较差。2019-2021年,京唐3座5500m^(3)高炉采用优化后的高球比炉料结构,球团矿比例达50%以上,其中3号高炉月均球团矿比例最高达到65%,3座高炉长期稳定顺行,主要技术经济指标持续提升。

不同饲养方式及育肥期对安格斯公犊牛生产和屠宰性能的影响

[目的]最大限度产出嫩度与风味俱佳的优质牛肉,实现安格斯牛养殖提质增效。[方法]选用(12±0.45)月龄的安格斯公犊18头,随机分为3组,组间体重差异不显著。1组全混合颗粒饲料育肥,(26.90±0.64)月龄屠宰;2组全混合饲料(TMR)育肥,(26.27±0.38)月龄屠宰;3组TMR育肥,(29.17±0.48)月龄屠宰。1组育肥全期,2组、3组育肥前期日粮精粗比4:6;2组、3组育肥后期日粮精粗比6:4。[结果]安格斯公犊育肥前期,1组较2、3组干物质采食量提高36.30%以上,日增重提高88.33%以上,差异显著;育肥后期各组干物质采食量、日增重差异不显著。1组与2组净肉率、脂肪率差异不显著;但1组净肉量较2、3组分别高59.40、46.72 kg,差异显著。3组较1、2组净肉率显著下降,脂肪率显著上升。[结论]全混合颗粒饲料可提高育肥牛干物质采食量,减少精饲料用量,提高日增重、产肉能力和经济效益。不同饲养方式对安格斯育肥公犊牛屠宰净肉率及脂肪率没有显著影响;育肥期对安格斯犊牛生产及屠宰性能有显著影响;育肥期过长其产肉能力减弱,脂肪沉积快速增加。

不同比例玉米秸秆全混合颗粒日粮对小尾寒羊的消化、瘤胃内发酵及生长性能的影响

本研究为高效利用秸秆,探讨了秸秆型颗粒日粮对小尾寒羊的消化、瘤胃内发酵及饲料转化率的影响。配制4种TMR颗粒日粮,玉米秸秆分别为52%(Ⅰ组),42%(Ⅱ组),32%(Ⅲ组)和22%(Ⅳ组),开展了消化试验和增重试验。结果表明:Ⅲ组DM表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ,Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组CP表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ,Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组ADF、NDF表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组沉积氮、沉积氮/摄入氮、沉积钙、沉积磷显著高于其他三组(P<0.05)。Ⅳ组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ,Ⅳ组的日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组日增重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的料肉最低。因此,玉米秸秆为32%的TMR颗粒饲喂效果最佳。

混合电石渣球团宽温域同步脱硫脱硝性能研究

通过成型-破碎方法将固废电石渣、污泥和生物质造粒,研究了混合电石渣球团在不同可燃质添加比例/不同温度下的同步脱硫脱硝性能及燃烧动力学.结果表明:混合电石渣球团燃烧动力学均符合三维扩散模型;相比纯电石渣,550~850℃宽温域下所有混合电石渣球团脱硫性能均显著提高且具备了较高脱硝能力,最大脱硫效率均可达到90%~100%,最大脱硝效率可达70%以上.球团中生物质的加入明显提高了固硫产物层扩散控制阶段的扩散系数.球团中污泥和生物质添加量越大,同步脱硫脱硝效率越高,脱硝持续时间越长,且两类球团的耐磨强度均存在最佳添加量,该研究具有较好的工业应用前景.

强力混合技术在烧结球团行业的应用

烧结、球团工艺所用原料种类多、物料量大、理化性质差异大,其均匀混合对于优质烧结矿、球团矿的制备具有重要意义。本文就强力混合技术对烧结、球团颗粒混合的作用原理、强化效果以及其工业应用情况进行了重点阐述,并就生产中存在的桨叶磨损、核颗粒破碎以及熔剂消化不充分等问题提出增设原料筛分设备、预混合设备以及选择性强化混合等改进建议,以期为行业针对不同原料特点,选择强力混合-制粒工艺提供参考。

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定混匀矿中TFe含量及其应用

以粉末压片制样,研究确定制样条件,选择仪器最佳参数,并绘制标准工作曲线,建立X射线荧光光谱法测定混匀矿中TFe含量的检测方法(TFe的测定范围为52.0%~67.0%)。将本方法的测定结果与化学分析方法相比较,实际使用结果表明,用该方法测定混匀矿中全铁含量,测量准确度、精密度较好,所得分析结果与化学分析结果一致,能满足生产检验要求。

首钢京唐进口矿细磨技术

首钢京唐公司针对球团矿生产过程中原料资源品种单一,进口矿原料粒度粗,无法直接用于生产的实际情况,研究并优化了进口矿的细磨和过滤工艺。指出,进口矿粗粉种类多,可磨性和过滤性差异较大,可通过合理混矿得到可磨性和过滤性能优异,且满足磨选工艺要求的优质细磨铁精粉。经验证,细磨后的进口铁精粉成球性好,有害元素含量低,有利于高炉生产,并且可通过调整进口矿配比改善球团矿质量,降低配矿成本。

不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲粮对母羊营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢的影响

本试验研究了不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲粮对母羊营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢的影响,以确定母羊饲粮适宜精粗比[或中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平]。试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,将30只体况良好、8月龄、体重相近的杂交母羊(萨福克羊×阿勒泰羊)随机分为6个处理,每个处理5只羊,分别饲喂6种不同精粗比(85∶15、70∶30、55∶45、40∶60、25∶75、10∶90)的全混合颗粒饲粮。预试期10 d,消化代谢试验18 d,呼吸测热试验2 d。结果表明:1)全混合颗粒饲粮精粗比对母羊干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和NDF表观消化率均产生了极显著影响(P<0.01),DM和OM表观消化率随精粗比的上升而升高,精粗比为55∶45的饲粮NDF表观消化率最高,与精粗比为85∶15和70∶30的饲粮差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)消化氮随着精粗比的上升而升高,过高或过低精粗比均不利于氮的沉积,精粗比为55∶45时,母羊对氮的利用效率最高。3)消化能、代谢能、总能消化率和总能代谢率均随着精粗比的上升而出现极显著的升高(P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,母羊对精粗比为70∶30和55∶45(NDF水平分别为37.78%和45.80%)的全混合颗粒饲粮消化吸收较好。

转炉污泥生产炼钢用氧化球团的试验

以转炉污泥为原料，配入有机和无机复合结合剂，采用压制成型和低温焙烧的方法研制了高性能转炉污泥球团，并探索了影响球团强度的各种因素．试验发现球团强度随着焙烧温度的升高，球团强度增加，当温度达到大约 ８７３ Ｋ时强度达到极值；当温度超过 ８７３ Ｋ时，随着有机结合剂及结晶水的挥发，球团强度又明显下降；当温度超过 １３００Ｋ时，固相扩散增加，并出现液相烧结，因而球团强度显著增加．对影响球团强度的因素进行了模式识别分析，找到了目标优化区，确定了适宜的球团生产工艺条件．

内配煤团块直接还原法制备铁粒技术研究

根据我国现阶段直接还原状况及国内能源的结构特点，提出利用舍碳团块直接还原制备铁颗粒的技术思想；通过调整团矿的内配碳比、温度、碱度及添加剂配入量来优化渣铁的分离和提高铁粒质量，找到最佳的配比方案。铁的收得率达到90％以上，铁粒中wFe〉96％，ws=0．02％～0．05％，wc〈4．0％；分离出的铁粒可直接作为电炉炼钢的优质原料。

饲料加工和贮存过程对益生菌活性的影响

本试验研究了饲料加工和贮存过程对9株益生菌活性的影响,最终淘汰活性低的益生菌。将9株实验室分离选育出的有益益生菌分别制成单一的菌制剂添加到仔猪料中,混合机内充分混匀后,并进行制粒,最终将混合机内获得的粉料和制粒机内获得的颗粒料分别贮存60 d。结果表明,无论在饲料加工还是贮存过程中,5株芽孢杆菌始终保持着较高的存活率,因此,实验室分离选育出的5株芽孢杆菌适合饲料加工和贮存;而4株乳酸菌在饲料制粒后存活率较低,其中,嗜酸乳杆菌已检测不出活菌数,嗜热链球菌、屎肠球菌、鸡肠球菌与嗜酸乳杆菌相比在饲料混合和贮存过程中存活率较高,但活性不如芽孢杆菌。

山羊全混合日粮颗粒饲料适口性及贮存期研究

试验对山羊全混合日粮颗粒饲料适口性和贮存期进行了研究,结果表明:山羊全混合日粮颗粒饲料适口性良好,27头20 kg左右育肥波尔山羊自由采食,日喂2餐,平均日采食量为(0.854±0.031)kg/只;日喂3餐,平均日采食量为(0.978±0.031)kg/只;日喂4次,平均日采食量(0.976±0.029)kg/只;日喂料3次以上较2次喂料可提高山羊采食量14.3%。水或水蒸汽调质使羊全混合日粮颗粒料保质期大大缩短;不调质直接采用冷制粒加工,羊全混合日粮颗粒料的保存期可达到3个月以上,但制粒产量低。羊全混合日粮制粒加工宜采用冷制粒,直接压制成型,不宜使用水或蒸汽调质;山羊全混合日粮颗粒料具有良好的适口性,适宜的加工条件可使用其贮存期达到3个月以上。

污泥颗粒与河砂混合流化特性的实验研究

在内径φ105 mm、高800 mm的冷态流化床实验装置上进行了污泥颗粒与河砂混合流化特性的实验研究,获得了污泥颗粒水分、污泥颗粒与河砂的质量比对混合物料的流化特性的影响规律．实验结果表明,污泥颗粒的水分、污泥颗粒与河砂的质量比会影响混合物料的最小流化速度,也影响污泥颗粒与河砂混合的均匀程度．污泥颗粒的质量比越大,混合物料的最小流化速度越大;污泥颗粒的水分含量越高,混合物料的最小流化速度也越大;污泥颗粒与河砂的质量比越接近1∶1,越容易实现充分混合．在对实验数据进行分析处理的基础上,提出了污泥颗粒与河砂混合物料的最小流化速度经验方程,为流化床污泥颗粒干燥工艺提供基础数据和设计依据．