Tbx 4 and Tbx 5 gene expression associated with appendage development and its relationship with the absence of the pelvic fin in Pampus argenteus

The Tbx family is first known through the study of their functions in the body and limbs,and its members Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes are important factors in determining the characteristics of the appendages.Pampus argenteus is one of the important economical marine fishes widely distributed in offshore areas.Therefore,it is necessary to study the role of Tbx family genes in the deletion of pelvic fin in P.argenteus.In this study,we cloned Tbx4 and Tbx5 cDNA sequence of P.argenteus(GenBank:MH709128 and MH712458).The Western blot and real time PCR were used to detect the expressions of Tbx4 and Tbx5 in different developmental stages and tissues of P.argenteus.In addition,whole-mount in-situ hybridization was used to study the localization of Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes in different developmental stages of P.argenteus.Results show that the translation of Tbx4 mRNA was inhibited during the critical period of pelvic fin development.Among different tissues,Tbx4 protein levels were the lowest in the abdominal epithelium,and even lower than that in the pectoral fin,suggesting that the protein expression was also inhibited in the abdominal epithelium of adult P.argenteus.Therefore,the results indicated that upstream genes regulation led to the key stage-specific and low expression of Tbx4 during pelvic fin development and in the abdominal epithelium.

基于CT数据的副云南鱼腰带部位形态再研究

腰带部位的形态,以及腹鳍在最早的有颌脊椎动物中是否存在,是解答脊椎动物附肢如何起源的关键。我国云南曲靖下泥盆统西屯组中的西屯副云南鱼(Parayunnanolepis xitunensis)过去被描述为具有外骨骼和内骨骼的腰带。基于高精度CT数据重新描述了西屯副云南鱼正型标本的腰带部位形态。结果显示副云南鱼并没有像之前描述的那样,同时保存一对大的膜质腰带和对应内骨骼腰带,而是在腰带部位拥有三对成对的膜质骨片,以及一块较大的中线膜质骨片。这些成对的膜质骨片是平坦的,位于躯体腹面,区别于其他早期有颌类拥有背侧叶的膜质腰带。目前仍没有决定性证据证明副云南鱼是否具有内骨骼腰带。比较早期有颌类各大类群中腰带部位膜质骨骼形态,可以看到腰带部位同时存在成对和中线膜质骨片这一型式在这些大类群中也有发现,可能是有颌类的祖征。有颌类在早期演化中可能将腰带部位的膜质骨片整合入不同的功能结构单元中。

塘养建鲤背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍指数的线性体重表征

【目的】探索塘养建鲤体重与鳍条面积及其重量的关系,为研究鱼类遗传选育及生态分类提供理论参数,或根据鳍条指数确定塘养鲤鱼的适宜捕捞体重。【方法】剪取塘养建鲤的背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍,称重后采用叶面积扫描仪直接测定其面积,分别采用线性模型、幂模型、指数模型和多项式模型分析塘养建鲤体重与鳍条面积和鳍条重量的相关性,并以鳍条面积/体重、鳍条重量/体重构建鳍条面积比较指数和鳍条重量比较指数,与体重进行相关回归分析,建立回归方程表征体重与鳍条面积和鳍条重量间的关系。【结果】指数模型、幂模型和线性模型更适宜用于塘养建鲤体重与鳍条面积和鳍条重量的相关回归分析。塘养建鲤体重与鳍条的重量和面积表现出强相关性,且体重与鳍条面积的相关性(R^2=0.9334~0.9748,平均0.9721)高于体重与鳍条重量的相关性(R^2=0.9585~0.9634,平均0.9614)。塘养建鲤体重(x)与背鳍面积存在y=1.8005x+88.43、与尾鳍面积存在y=1.5251x+385.13、与腹鳍面积存y=1.1070x+124.25的线性回归关系。比较指数分析结果表明,背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍的面积发育拐点体重分别为245.5、638.9和750.0 g;背鳍重量发育拐点体重为468.6 g;尾鳍和腹鳍发育拐点体重及体长、体全长和体重增加拐点体重均为726.8 g。【结论】塘养建鲤体重与鳍条面积及其重量存在显著线性回归关系,通过体重可准确估测背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍的面积及重量。塘养建鲤背鳍面积的发育早于尾鳍和腹鳍,发育拐点之后体重和肥满度增长加快,塘养建鲤的适宜捕捞体重为726.8 g。