Experimental Study of Pore Water Pressure and Bed Profile Change Under Regular Breaking Waves

There lies a close relationship between the seabed destruction and the distribution of pore water pressure under the action of breaking wave. The experiments were carried out in a wave flume with a 1：30 sloping sandy seabed to study regular breaking wave induced pore water pressure. A wide range of measurements from the regular wave runs were reported, including time series of wave heights, pore pressures. The video records were analysed to measure the time development of the seabed form and the characteristics of the orbital motion of the sand in the wave breaking region. The pore water pressure in the breaker zone showed the time variation depending on the wave phases including wave breaking and bore propagation. The time-averaged pore water pressure was higher near the seabed surface. The peak values of pore water pressure increase significantly at the breaking point. The direction of pore water pressure difference forces in the breaker zone is of fundamental importance for a correct description of the sediment dynamics. The upwards- directed pressure differences may increase sand transport by reducing the effective weight of the sediment, thereby increasing the bed form evolution. The seabed configuration changed greatly at the wave breaking zone and a sand bar was generated remarkably. The amplitude of the pore water pressure changed with the seabed surface. The results are to improve the understanding of sand transport mechanisms and seabed responses due to breaking regular waves over a sloping sandy bed.

Small Scale Field Experiment on Breaking Wave Pressure on Vertical Breakwaters

A small scale field experiment (SSFE) was performed on vertical breakwaters in the surf zone. The following are some of the findings. Wind seas may yield breaking wave pressure notwithstanding some large deepwater wave steepness, and small elevation of the wall above the mean water level. Caisson breakwaters can withstand some exceptionally high impulsive force peaks (even twice the weight in still water);whereas, with the same sea state and weight, a breakwater composed of layers of solid concrete blocks is destroyed.

Numerical Simulation and Experiment on Dam Break Problem

In this paper, two novel numerical computation methods are introduced which have been recently developed at Research Institute for Applied Mechanics （ R/AM ）, Kyushu University, for strongly nonlinear wave-body interaction problems, such as ship motions in rough seas and resulting green-water impact on deck. The first method is the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, in which the free surface flow is treated as a multi-phase flow which is solved using a Cartesian grid. The second method is the MPS method, which is a so-called particle method and hence no grid is used. The features and calculation procedures of these numerical methods are described. One validation computation against a newly conducted experiment on a dam break problem, which is also described in this paper, is presented.

A new statistical model of wave heights based on the concept of wave breaking critical zone

When waves propagate from deep water to shallow water, wave heights and steepness increase and then waves roll back and break. This phenomenon is called surf. Currently, the present statistical calculation model of surf was derived mainly from the wave energy conservation equation and the linear wave dispersion relation, but it cannot reflect accurately the process which is a rapid increasing in wave height near the broken point. So, the concept of a surf breaking critical zone is presented. And the nearshore is divided as deep water zone, shallow water zone, surf breaking critical zone and after breaking zone. Besides, the calculation formula for the height of the surf breaking critical zone has founded based on flume experiments, thereby a new statistical calculation model on the surf has been established. Using the new model, the calculation error of wave height maximum is reduced from 17.62% to 6.43%.

含磨料脉冲射流破岩效果试验研究

为探究脉冲磨料水射流的破岩效果,选用五种不同强度的硬岩,开展了脉冲纯水/磨料水射流破岩试验,并以冲蚀孔尺寸为指标,将脉冲纯水/磨料水射流的破岩效果同连续纯水/磨料水射流进行了对比。结果表明:连续磨料水射流冲蚀岩体过程主要依赖磨料粒子的磨削作用,而脉冲磨料水射流则是连续的水锤效应和磨料粒子磨削作用的叠加;无磨料粒子时,连续水射流破岩主要依赖射流初期的单个水锤效应,而脉冲水射流则是多个连续的水锤压力持续冲击岩石,导致岩体表面出现破碎区。

倾角变化条件下反倾层状斜坡倾倒变形演化研究

倾倒变形是反倾层状岩质边坡的一种典型破坏模式,为了研究不同岩层倾角对反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒变形的影响,以澜沧江上游古水水电站坝前倾倒变形体为原型,从岩层倾角变化的角度出发,利用大型土工离心机试验分析了反倾层状岩质边坡的失稳破坏过程、变形演化特征与最终失稳模式等。结果表明:①反倾层状斜坡的变形演化过程基本概括为岩层压密-坡脚压裂阶段、弯折面形成-部分失稳阶段和弯折面贯通-彻底失稳3个阶段,岩层倾角的改变并不会影响斜坡阶段性演化过程;②岩层倾角越大的斜坡,斜坡形成弯折面所需时间越短,失稳破坏发生后坡体贯通性倾倒破坏深度更大,对应的变形范围越大,折断岩层的破坏程度越剧烈;③岩层倾角变化会导致斜坡的倾倒变形过程与最终失稳模式存在一定差异。倾角较小的55°和70°模型斜坡前部岩层在重力作用下发生明显弯曲倾倒变形,最终以“倾倒-弯曲-滑移”的失稳模式发生破坏;倾角最大的85°斜坡岩层发生的弯曲变形较小,最终以“倾倒-折断-崩塌”的模式发生破坏。研究结果对大型工程项目的顺利开展具有一定指导意义。

斜向浪作用下防波堤护面块体稳定性研究

海南岛东南海岸建港条件恶劣,防波堤稳定性是建港难题,如何在强浪海域确保防波堤结构安全是工程成败的关键。依托海南万宁抢险打捞综合基地项目,采用规范公式、波浪断面模型试验、波浪整体物理模型试验3种方法确定斜坡式防波堤扭王字块稳定质量,验证防波堤稳定性。研究结果表明,规范公式和波浪断面模型试验确定的扭王字块稳定质量远小于波浪整体模型试验确定的稳定质量,主要原因在于波浪整体物理模型试验可有效反演沿堤局部发生波能集中效应,局部波高变大致使防波堤护面扭王字块稳定质量需增大79%。因此,对发生斜向浪作用的强浪海域,开展波浪整体物理模型试验验证防波堤稳定性对确保设计安全有着重要意义。研究成果可为受斜向强浪作用下的防波堤工程设计提供参考。

细纱牵伸工艺的优化和器材优选

文章分析了JWF1562JM细纱机牵伸工艺、隔距块、粗纱捻系数与成纱质量的关系,通过多因子多水平正交试验,优选出纺制精棉粘混纺品种纱线的工艺配置,为企业降本增效提供参考。

设备舱16框多处电缆断路问题分析与改进

针对某型飞机的设备舱16框多处电缆断线故障,通过故障现象分析故障发生的原因,采取外观观察、体视检查、微观观察、能谱分析以及模拟断裂形貌实验等失效分析手段,确定发生故障的根本原因,细化了线束检查、修理方法,完善线束防护措施,消除了质量隐患,提高了电缆修理能力。

A review of breaking wave force on the bridge pier: Experiment, simulation, calculation, and structural response

In the course of the propagation of waves from the offshore to the nearshore zone, the wave may break due to the shoaling effect. Strong impact forces are observed when the breaking wave acts on the pier of the bridge. This impact force might not only change the dynamic load pattern on the pier but also cause strong structural vibration, which may threaten the driving and structural safety of the bridge. Many studies have been carried out to study the issues in the aspect of wave flume experiment, numerical simulation, calculation of breaking wave force, and random vibration response of the structure. Considering the studies of breaking wave load on bridge piers are lack of systematic summaries, this paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date literature review of breaking wave research and practice related to bridges. Firstly, a brief introduction is given, which includes recent cases of bridge failures caused by breaking waves. Then, both scientific and technical studies are reviewed, categorized into four aspects: experimental study, numerical simulation, analytical calculation of breaking wave force, and the structural response under breaking wave. Finally, Discussion is provided on four emerging ideas to investigate breaking wave forces on the pier from both science and engineering perspectives.

Experiments and calculations of wave breaking and evolution of wave groups with high steepness

The evolution of the nonlinear wave groups in deep water is investigated through laboratory measurements and numerical analysis.Laboratory experiments are conducted in deep-water wave tank,focusing on the characteristics of breaking waves arising from the evolved wave train.Some quantitative results are obtained for the significant breaking wave train,including the surface elevation time series,the local geometry,and the energy dissipation.A nonlinear model for the evolution of the wave groups in deep water is developed by adding eddy viscosity dissipation terms in the High Level Irrotational Green-Naghdi(HLIGN)equations.The results of the simulation are compared with the laboratory measurements,and good agreement is observed for the evolved wave train.

Study on the Mathematical Model of Dielectric Recovery Characteristics in High Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker

According to the stream theory, this paper proposes a mathematical model of the dielectric recovery characteristic based on the two-temperature ionization equilibrium equation. Taking the dynamic variation of charged particle＇s ionization and attachment into account, this model can be used in collaboration with the Coulomb collision model, which gives the relationship of the heavy particle temperature and electron temperature to calculate the electron density and temperature under different pressure and electric field conditions, so as to deliver the breakdown electric field strength under different pressure conditions. Meanwhile an experiment loop of the circuit breaker has been built to measure the breakdown voltage. It is shown that calculated results are in conformity with experiment results on the whole while results based on the stream criterion are larger than experiment results. This indicates that the mathematical model proposed here is more accurate for calculating the dielectric recovery characteristic, it is derived from the stream model with some improvement and refinement and has great significance for increasing the simulation accuracy of circuit breaker＇s interruption characteristic.

工间微休息对员工创造力的影响——基于事件系统理论的解释

员工是组织创新体系中的基本单元,如何激发员工创造力成为企业创新必须解决的关键问题。基于事件系统理论,对工间微休息与员工创造力间关系进行分析,解释工作繁荣与员工特质正念在此过程中的中介作用和调节作用,采用经验取样法对研究对象进行5个连续工作日的多时点追踪调查,利用SPSS23.0、Mplus7.4等统计软件对655份上下级配对数据进行跨层次分析。结果表明:在个体内层次,每日工间微休息对当天员工创造力不具有显著直接影响;每日工作繁荣在当天工间微休息与员工创造力关系间发挥中介作用;员工特质正念不仅可以调节每日工间微休息对当天工作繁荣的影响,而且可以调节工作繁荣的中介作用。

A Simulation Study of Support Break-Off and Water Inrush during Mining under the High Confined and Thick Unconsolidated Aquifer

The thick Cenozoic unconsolidated aquifer is deposited under Sunan syncline core in Huaibei coalfield, the water yield property of unconsolidated bottom aquifer is strong and water pressure is high in some areas (up to 4 MPa in some areas). Water inrush accident often occurs during mining under unconsolidated aquifer, the biggest characteristic is abnormal mine pressure and support break-off during water inrush accident comparing with normal condition. In order to study mechanism of?support break-off and water inrush during mining under the high confined thick unconsolidated aquifer, a simulation of similar material was designed. The experimental results indicated that, under normal condition, the compound breakage sequence of water-resisting key strata between coal seam and high confined thick unconsolidated aquifer is from top to bottom and the basic reason of synchronous fracture is the load of bottom key strata increased suddenly when the breakage of top key strata happened. Because of high confined thick unconsolidated aquifer, surface acts on the bottom key strata soil layer in the form of uniformly distributed load, which is the load-transfer mechanism of confined thick unconsolidated aquifer. Once the overlying key strata compound breaks, the height of unstable strata will reach far more than 30 meters and exceed support capability of current fully-mechanized mining supporter, which leads to support break-off accident during mining process under confined unconsolidated aquifer.

环空流体强化自激脉冲淹没水射流调制与破煤特性

针对下向孔淹没水射流卸压增透技术的瓶颈问题,即冲击力弱、破煤效率低、冲割煤量少、适应性差等,提出了环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流下向孔破煤增透思想和原理,以破除孔底压持效应和水垫增阻效应,提高淹没状态水射流的冲击力和破煤效率。采用大涡模拟、打击力测试和冲击釜破煤实验等研究方法,研究了淹没条件下环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流的高效调制和破煤特性。首先建立了适用于煤矿下向孔增透的环空流体强化自激脉冲喷嘴物理模型,优化了喷嘴结构参数;然后研制了淹没脉冲射流高频打击力测试系统和环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流喷嘴,量化分析了环空流体强化自激脉冲喷嘴在淹没环境中的打击力和流场特性;最后研发了淹没水射流破煤实验系统,开展了淹没水射流破煤实验,揭示了环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流的破煤特性。研究结果表明:在煤矿下向孔工程条件下,由两侧带有自吸口的亥姆赫兹型自激脉冲喷嘴能够有效产生环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流,最优喷嘴结构参数为上喷嘴直径d1=3 mm、壁面碰撞角α=120°、下喷嘴直径d2=3.6 mm、振荡腔腔长L=10.5 mm、振荡腔腔径D=27 mm、引入口直径d3=4.2 mm,泵压为10 MPa时卷吸环空水量最大值为0.28 L/s,平均0.19 L/s;泵压相同时环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流与自激脉冲水射流主频相近,环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流的主频为253~285 Hz,而自激脉冲水射流的主频为251~282 Hz;环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流的峰值打击力分别为自激脉冲水射流、连续射流峰值打击力的1.05~1.08倍和1.63~1.89倍,平均打击力是自激脉冲水射流的1.09~1.16倍,反映了环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流在淹没状态下能够持续产生较大的打击力,具有良好的脉冲射流特性;相同泵压和靶距条件下,环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流比自激脉冲水射流、连续水射流对煤样的破坏效果更强;环空流体强化自激脉冲水射流具备良好的冲蚀煤体破坏效果,约88.65%的煤渣粒度在8 mm以下,当泵压为10 MPa,靶距为10d1时,冲蚀时间为10 s,射流对煤样的冲蚀作用最佳,冲蚀深度47.32 mm,冲蚀体积15.7 cm3。研究成果不仅可破解煤矿下向孔水射流增透的瓶颈问题,同时具有少掘岩巷、节省成本的优势,有望替代和超越上向孔水射流卸压增透,在煤矿瓦斯灾害防治和煤层气开发领域,具有广阔的应用前景。

零金碎玉——国医大师任继学教授临证经验

本文从儒道互补、阴阳之道、气禀之说论述了任继学教授的基本医道观。从破血化瘀、血可破而气不可伤、中风病复中之戴阳证论述了任继学教授治疗中风病的独到观点及经验。还论述了虚气留滞、归脾汤之关键药物、食道憩室、重用川芎治头风、浊饮水湿由血瘀而生、心身同治等任继学教授的临证经验。

冰下运动椭球体破冰的机理实验研究

为了揭示冰下运动物体兴波破冰机理,探究一种可用于水下航行器破冰上浮的新型破冰技术,本文以椭球体作为水下航行器的简化模型,利用自行设计制作的一套拖航实验装置,在低温实验室的小型冰水槽中开展了系列破冰实验。实验分析了破冰机理,椭球体在水下近冰面处运动引发冰面的水弹性响应,冰层内的弹性弯曲波与水波耦合为弯曲-重力波,进而导致冰层的挠曲变形。当冰层内部的应力超过其极限应力时,就会导致冰层发生破坏。通过对多种物理参数的影响进行分析,研究表明:冰层的存在会额外增加模型的拖航阻力,且这种影响与模型的运动速度和浸没深度有关;弯曲-重力波的破冰效果与椭球体运动速度紧密相关,存在一个最优破冰速度,以此速度运动的椭球体具有最高效的破冰能力,使得冰层被破坏区域的面积达到最大;随着椭球体浸没深度的增加,冰层的响应幅值迅速衰减;由椭球体运动兴波导致的冰面破坏模式具有一般规律,横向裂纹先于纵向裂纹出现。

基于破损舱室晃荡进水的量化试验研究

针对静水中破损舱室贯通类破口进水液舱晃荡问题,基于自主设计研制的受迫横摇运动破损舱室进水试验装置,在强制横摇工况与全约束典型工况下,研究船舶破损后舷外与舱内贯通时大量的水侵入舱室、液舱晃荡受舷外波浪激励引起非线性失稳现象,并结合对填补破口后的完整舱室进行共振与非共振的试验进行对比分析。试验结果表明:在破口形成10 s后船舱内部进水的运动状态趋于稳定,此时若将破口填堵会使船体内部的积水运动更为剧烈,影响船体稳性。试验得到了船体受损后合理的补救时间点,并使用量化试验窄带域对强制横摇工况下破舱进水试验进行了处理,得到了可信的试验区间,为后续针对破损船的研究提供了有力支撑。

中国共产党自我革命进程中的“守正”与“创新”

守正创新,是中华民族的优良传统,是中国共产党一百多年来坚持自我革命的鲜明特色和本质要求。以马克思主义为指导、以党的初心使命为源动力、以群众的满意度为校验依据、以引领社会革命为价值旨归等,是党的自我革命不断走向胜利的根本遵循;同时,中国共产党立足实际,开拓创新,从问题、路径、动力、效果等维度,有效清除着前进过程中自身存在的不利因素。历经自我革命的淬炼,党更加坚强有力。学习贯彻党的二十大精神,要立足新时代新征程党的使命任务,从百年奋斗历程中汲取丰厚营养,处理好“坚定不移”和“转化发展”的辩证关系,坚持把党的自我革命进行到底,深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程,使党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。