Effects of Hypoxic Environment on Life Rhythm of Apodemus peninsulae

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the effect of hypoxic environment on life rhythm of Apodemus peninsulae. [Method] A. peninsulae were captured and fed in indoor hypoxic environment from May 2015 to October 2016. The respiratory frequency, activity level, food intake and water intake of A. peninsulae were analyzed under different oxygen concentrations. [Result] With the decrease of oxygen concentration, the respiratory frequency of A. peninsulae decreased, and the respiratory depth deepened, while the activity level, food intake and water intake de-creased. [Conclusion] The hypoxic environment had an impact on the respiratory frequency, activity level, food intake and water intake of A. peninsulae.

A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica:reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria:Parankylosauria)

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the 1980s.Nevertheless,since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been interpreted.The main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown,in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical ankylosaurs.Considered an ankylosaurid,nodosaurid,or even a chimaera,a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis:Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade,the Parankylosauria,whose origin probably dates to the Late Jurassic.In the light of this new view,a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

Review of the Cretaceous avian diversity of Antarctica:a changing scenario for the evolution of early Neornithine birds

The worldwide record of Cretaceous Neornithes and Neornithine-like birds is both controversial and poorly understood.However,in recent years,the Antarctic continent has yielded a substantial number of Maastrichtian avian specimens,contributing significantly to our understanding of the early evolution of this group.Simultaneously,the keen interest and collaborative efforts of various paleornithologists have resulted in a wealth of knowledge,which we have thoroughly reviewed,updated,and discussed in the context of recent discoveries.

Analysis of Temperature Trends and Variations in the Arabian Peninsula’s Upper Atmosphere

In this study, the trends of upper-air temperatures are analysed by utilising radiosonde observations for the barometric levels at 700, 500, 300, 200, 150, 100 and 50 hPa from five meteorological stations within the Arabian Peninsula from January 1986 to August 2015. The mean monthly variations of the temperatures at these levels are characterised and established. The magnitudes of the annual trends of the mean temperatures for each site for the selected barometric levels are studied and statistically tested using Mann-Kendall rank statistics at different significance levels. The temperature trends at different pressure levels show that the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are warming, while the middle troposphere is cooling which is consistent with the findings of other studies. The variations in upper air temperature observed in this study can be attributed to a range of factors, including increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, variations in solar activity, aerosols and volcanic eruptions, and land use and land cover change.

Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of coastal mudflats on Leizhou Peninsula,China

Mudflats play a vital role in maintaining the dynamic balance between sea and land.To understand the characteristics,sources,and pollution risks of six heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,and Pb)in the coastal mudflats on the Leizhou Peninsula,257 surface sediment samples were studied using mathematical statistics,correlation analysis,and factor analysis.The results show that the overall concentrations of these heavy metals are low although there are several high abnormal points in the local areas.The strong correlation between these heavy metals indicates that the sources of some of the metals are similar,yet their elemental combinations in different cities(counties)varied.According to the calculated enrichment factor(EF),anthropogenic activity-induced heavy metals were determined in order of decreasing influence:As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,and Hg.The low EF values of Hg indicate that it does not present as a contaminant in the study area,while low values of Cr and Cu from the Lianjiang City suggest that these two metals were also attributed to natural sources.The presence of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,and Pb from the remaining cities(counties)should be influenced by anthropogenic activities.The overall potential ecological risk index indicates that the ecological risks posed by the six analyzed heavy metals to the Leizhou Peninsula mudflats,in order of decreasing risk,are Cd,As,Hg,Pb,Cu,and Cr.It is noteworthy that only Cd in Lianjiang City demonstrated substantial ecological risk.Other examined heavy metals in other cities of the study area showed slight ecological risk.

Enhanced Seasonal Predictability of Spring Soil Moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula for Eastern China Summer Precipitation under Non-ENSO Conditions

Seasonal prediction of summer precipitation over eastern China is closely linked to the East Asian monsoon circulation,which is largely affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).In this study,results show that spring soil moisture(SM)over the Indo-China peninsula(ICP)could be a reliable seasonal predictor for eastern China summer precipitation under non-ENSO conditions.When springtime SM anomalies are present over the ICP,they trigger a structured response in summertime precipitation over most of eastern China.The resultant south-to-north,tri-polar configuration of precipitation anomalies has a tendency to yield increased(decreased)precipitation in the Yangtze River basin and decreased(increased)in South and North China with a drier(wetter)spring soil condition in the ICP.The analyses show that ENSO exerts a powerful control on the East Asian circulation system in the ENSO-decaying summer.In the case of ENSO forcing,the seasonal predictability of the ICP spring SM for eastern China summer precipitation is suppressed.However,in the absence of the influence of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies from the preceding winter,the SM anomalies over the ICP induce abnormal local heating and a consequent geopotential height response owing to its sustained control on local temperature,which could,in turn,lead to abnormal eastern China summer precipitation by affecting the East Asian summer monsoon circulation.The present findings provide a better understanding of the complexity of summer climate predictability over eastern China,which is of potential significance for improving the livelihood of the people.

Late Eocene–early Miocene provenance evolution of the Crocker Fan in the southern South China Sea

There are many large-scale Cenozoic sedimentary basins with plentiful river deltas,deep-water fans and carbonate platforms in the southern South China Sea.The Crocker Fan was deposited as a typical submarine fan during the late Eocene–early Miocene,and stretches extensively across the entire Sarawak–Sabah of the northern Borneo area.However,systematic analyses are still lacking regarding its sediment composition and potential source suppliers.No consensus has been reached yet on the provenance evolution and sedimentary infilling processes,which seriously impeded the oil-and-gas exploration undertakings.By combining with sedimentaryfacies identification,heavy mineral assemblages,elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb dating,this paper aims to generalize an integrated analysis on the potential provenance terranes and restore source-to-sink pathways of the Crocker Fan.In general,the Crocker Fan was initially formed over the Cretaceous–lower/middle Eocene Rajang Group by an angular Rajang unconformity.The continual southward subduction of the protoSouth China Sea resulted in magmatic activities and subsequent regional deformation and thrusting along the Lupar Line in the northern Borneo.The lowermost Crocker sequence is featured by a thick conglomerate layer sourced from in-situ or adjacent paleo-uplifts.From the late Eocene to the early Miocene,the Crocker Fan was constantly delivered with voluminous detritus from the Malay Peninsula of the western Sundaland.The Zengmu Basin was widely deposited with delta plain and neritic facies sediments,while the Brunei-Sabah Basin,to the farther east,was ubiquitously characterized by turbiditic sequences.The Crocker Fan successions are overall thick layers of modest-grained sandstones,which formed high-quality reservoirs in the southern South China Sea region.

Dynamic geomorphology and storm response characteristics of the promontory-straight beach-a case of Gulei Beach, Fujian

As one of the main areas of tropical storm action in the northwestern Pacific Ocean,South China experiences several typhoons each year,and coastal erosion is a problem,making the area a natural testing ground for studying the dynamic geomorphological processes and storm response of promontory-straight coasts.This study is based on three years of topographic data and remote sensing imagery of Gulei Beach and uses topographic profile morphology,single width erosion-accretion and mean change,combined with the Coastsat model to quantify the seasonal and interannual variability and storm response of the beach and to explain the evolution of shoreline change and beach dynamics geomorphology in the last decade.Gulei Beach has been in a state of overall erosion and local accretion for a long time,with relatively obvious cyclical changes;seasonal changes are also obvious,which are mainly characterized by summer accretion and winter erosion,with accretion at the top of the bay and accretion and erosion on the north and south sides of the bay corner,respectively;the seasonal erosion-accretion volume of the beach profile ranges from-80 m3/m to 95.52 m3/m,and the interannual erosion-accretion volume ranges from-69.09 m3/m to 87.31 m3/m.The response of beaches to typhoons with different paths varies greatly depending on the length,slope,orientation and scale of beach development.The large and gently developing Futou beach is less responsive to storms,while the less developed headlands in the southern Gulei Peninsula are more susceptible to disturbance by external factors and respond more strongly to typhoons.Storm distance is more influential than storm intensity.Under the influence of human activities,obvious erosion hotspots develop during normal weather,but storm processes produce redistribution of beach material patterns,and erosion hotspots disappear after storms.The results of this study enrich the theory of beach dynamics geomorphology and provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation,as well as ecological restoration of coastal zones.

A three-dimensional Moho depth model beneath the Yemeni highlands and rifted volcanic margins of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Southwest Arabia

Knowing Moho discontinuity undulation is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of lithosphereasthenosphere interaction, extensional tectonism and crustal deformation in volcanic passive margins such as the study area, which is located in the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In this work, a 3D Moho depth model of the study area is constructed for the first time by inverting gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model(EGM2008) using the ParkerOldenburg algorithm. This model indicates the shallow zone is situated at depths of 20 km to 24 km beneath coastal plains, whereas the deep zone is located below the plateau at depths of 30 km to 35 km and its deepest part coincides mainly with the Dhamar-Rada ’a Quaternary volcanic field. The results also indicate two channels of hot magmatic materials joining both the Sana’a-Amran Quaternary volcanic field and the Late Miocene Jabal An Nar volcanic area with the Dhamar-Rada’a volcanic field. This conclusion is supported by the widespread geothermal activity(of mantle origin) distributed along these channels,isotopic data, and the upper mantle low velocity zones indicated by earlier studies.

Variations and relations between chlorophyll concentrations and physical-ecological processes near the West Antarctic Peninsula

The West Antarctic Peninsula(WAP)region is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean that support the food web for phytoplankton,krill spawning or recruitment and several krill consumers at higher-trophic level like penguins and Antarctic fur seals.Characterized by channels and islands,the complex topography of the WAP generates interconnected circulation patterns,strongly influencing vertical stratification,nutrient availability and distribution of marine organisms.Additionally,rapid climate change associated with major climate modes like the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has significant effects on long-term variations of physical environments and biological production.The objective of this study is to reveal the spatial-temporal variations of phytoplankton biomass in the WAP region and the modulating physical-ecological processes.By using 9-year hydrographic and ecological data of five transects collected by the Palmer Long-Term Ecosystem Research,the horizontal and vertical distributions of several physical and ecological properties,with a particular focus on chlorophyll(Chl)concentration were explored.Regression analysis among area-averaged properties and properties at single stations was performed to reveal the relationship between the interannual variations of physical and ecological processes.The correlation results showed that Chl concentration exhibited a positive relationship with both the circumpolar deep water(CDW)intrusion and vertical stratification,but showed a negative correlation with SAM at some specific stations.However,certain processes or mechanisms may only be dominant for specific stations and not applicable to the entire region.No single physical or ecological factors have been found to significantly influence the Chl distribution throughout the WAP region,which may be attributed to the heterogeneity of sea ice conditions,geometry and hydrodynamic features as well as variations in nutrient sources.

Effects of Spring Biomass Burning in the Indochina Peninsula on May Precipitation in South China

Each year, during the dry season that precedes the summer wind and rainfall Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), significant biomass burning occurs and reaches its peak from March to April. This biomass burning generates large amounts of aerosols that impact East Asia and surrounding areas through the Asian monsoon. This study aims to investigate the potential connection between biomass burning over the ICP and precipitation in South China during May, along with the physical processes involved. The analysis is based on GLDAS soil moisture reanalysis data and CPC (NOAA) precipitation data covering the period from 1980 to 2021. The research findings indicate a negative (positive) correlation between biomass burning in the ICP region during spring and precipitation in the same region (South China) during May. The circulation patterns corresponding to years with biomass-burning emission anomalies are further investigated, and the impact of biomass-burning emissions in spring on soil moisture and temperature is examined. The results suggest that biomass-burning emissions can significantly affect atmospheric circulation and precipitation, ultimately leading to anomalous precipitation in South China.

Gold mineralization in Jiaodong Peninsula and destruction of North China Craton:Insights from Mesozoic granite

Large-scale tectonic magmatism and extensive gold mineralization have occurred in the eastern North China Craton(NCC)(Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsulas)since Mesozoic,which indicated that the region experienced decratonization process.The genesis type of granites evolved from S-type to I-type and A-type during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,and thus reflects the evolution of geodynamics in the Late Mesozoic,indicating the varied subduction process of the Paleo-Pacific Plate(PPP)and the craton destruction.The evolution of geochemical features shows that the mantle beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula evolved from EM-II in Jurassic to EM-I in Early Cretaceous,demonstrating that the mantle switched from enriched to depleted.The gold of decratonic gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula mainly comes from the lithospheric mantle domains metasomatized by fluids derived from the metamorphism and dehydration of the subducted slab in the mantle transition zone.The rapid decomposition of minerals leads to the concentrated release of ore-forming fluids,and this process leads to the explosive gold mineralization during the craton destruction.Extensive magmatic uplift and extensional structures,triggered by the craton destruction in Early Cretaceous formed the extensional tectonic system,providing space for the decratonic gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula.

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Afrotropical Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): A New Species from Saudi Arabia, New Combinations and Distributional Updates

Taxonomic and faunistic results are presented on five genera of the Spilomelinae based on material collected in the Afrotropical parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Synclera fifensis sp.n. is newly described. The differential characters from the closest related congeners Synclera traducalis Zeller, 1852 and Synclera seychellensis Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 are listed. The three species form a complex of species discernible in internal character states only. A determination key to the members of this species group is provided. Four new combinations into the genus Pramadea Moore, 1888 are proposed—Pramadea trifidalis (Hampson, 1908) comb.n., Pramadea albopunctum (Guillermet, 1996) comb.n., Pramadea christophalis (Viette, 1988) comb.n. and Pramadea minoralis (Warren, 1892) comb.n. Pramadea trifidalis (Hampson, 1908) comb.n. is redescribed and reported as new for the fauna of Saudi Arabia. The male, female genitalia and tympanal are figured. Chabulina astomalis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) is reported as new to the entomofauna of the Arabian Peninsula. The records of the closely related Chabulina onychinalis (Guené e, 1854) for the Arabian Peninsula are discussed and put into question. The presence of Pardomima zanclophora Martin, 1955 and Hodebertia testalis (Fabricius, 1794) on the Arabian Peninsula is reconfirmed by recent records from Saudi Arabia.

On the Phonology Characteristics of Leizhou Dialect in Malaysia

Based on first-hand materials obtained from field investigations in Malaysia, the results show that: firstly, there are 17 initials in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia, including the implosives initial and the [f] initial. The pronunciation of Leizhou dialect in China is already rare, some of which are retained in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. Its initial consonant is borrowed from local Hua Yu or other Chinese dialects. Secondly, the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia has 46 finals. The pronunciation and timbre of some of its vowels are similar to the Yue dialect of Malaysia [&#592] main vowel. Thirdly, there are 8 monosyllabic tones in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. The pronunciation and tone of some of its characters are similar to the Xia Yin entering tone of Yue dialect of Malaysia.

Physical and Mechanical Features of the Quaternary Basanites of the Cap-Vert Peninsula of Dakar (Senegal, West Africa)

This work presents the results of geotechnical tests carried out in the laboratory on specimens of Quaternary olivine basanites from the Cap-Vert peninsula of Dakar. The samples were taken following geotechnical investigations in the Fann-PE, Mermoz-Ouakam, Yoff and Ngor areas respectively. The results obtained show a dry density between 20.45 and 29.30 kN/m3 which corresponds to medium to high density basanites. The porosity varies between 0.33% and 4.20%. For microlitic basanites, the porosity remains low, on the other hand, for micrograined basanites;a slight increase in porosity is noticed. As for the methylene blue adsorption test value measured, it is between 0.25 and 1.10. The uniaxial compression strength (Rc) and Young’s modulus (E) vary respectively from 12.19 MPa to 41.748 MPa and from 1477.6 MPa to 7699.1 MPa. The low strength values are recorded in altered and vesicular basanites. Also, a correlation was made between uniaxial compression strength and porosity and showed a gradual decrease in strength with increasing porosity.

张广才岭东部两种姬鼠两性异形比较研究

为了解朝鲜姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)和黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)的两性异形特征,在黑龙江省张广才岭东部农林交错区,采用铗日法采集同域分布的两个优势物种朝鲜姬鼠和黑线姬鼠,分别测量其外部形态和内脏特征等形态指标,并对其两性异形比较研究。结果表明,两种姬鼠的外部形态和内脏特征的两性异形差异不显著,均属于雌雄同形,表现出雄性的主要形态特征略大于雌性的,朝鲜姬鼠雄性前足长、心脏重、脾脏重均大于雌性的;黑线姬鼠雄性体长、后足长、体重、心脏重、肝脏重均大于雌性的。朝鲜姬鼠和黑线姬鼠的雄雌体长比值分别为1.021和1.043,体长两性异形程度指数分别为0.021和0.041;雄雌体重比值分别为1.065和1.161,两性异形程度指数分别为0.061和0.139。两种姬鼠两性的部分局部形态特征均与其体长以及体重呈显著正相关。

大林姬鼠和黑线姬鼠消化系统中酶的分布与活性分析

为森林害鼠防治及实验动物化等研究提供基础生化数据,采用PAGE对大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)和黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)消化系统中AMY、PRO、EST 3种主要消化酶和SOD的分布与活性进行比较分析。结果表明,大林姬鼠和黑线姬鼠消化系统中AMY、PRO、EST和SOD均有表达,但在两种鼠之间及鼠的组织内和组织间酶的活性和分布存在明显差异。

大林姬鼠耐饥性研究

为研究大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)耐饥性,于夏、秋两季分别用12只各分成无水无粮、无水有粮、有水无粮3组,观察耐饥情况。结果表明,夏季组12只大林姬鼠平均耐饥时间为112.00±55.02 h,其中无水无粮、有水无粮、无水有粮条件平均耐饥时间分别为103.00±56.27、83.00±27.14、149.75±63.82 h;秋季组12只大林姬鼠平均耐饥时间为100.25±34.51 h,其中无水无粮、有水无粮、无水有粮条件平均耐饥时间分别为88.25±47.23、92.75±23.31、119.75±28.62 h。无水无粮和无水有粮条件下,夏季比秋季耐饥性强,而有水无粮条件下,秋季比夏季耐饥性强。说明大林姬鼠的耐饥性较强,在夏季和秋季有一定差异,且耐饥时间与体重减少率有关。

黑线姬鼠和大林姬鼠消化系统中过氧化物酶的比较分析

为给黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)实验动物化及农林害鼠防治等研究提供基础生化数据,采用PAGE方法比较分析2种鼠消化系统中过氧化物酶的分布和活性并建立电泳谱图。结果表明,黑线姬鼠和大林姬鼠消化系统中过氧化物酶均有表达,同种个体间以及2种鼠间消化系统中过氧化物酶的活性和分布存在明显差别。

Population structures and spatial patterns of two unpalatable Arisaema species(Araceae) with and without clonal reproduction in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer

General decline of understory cover can result from increased abundance of and foraging pressure by deer.But population size and degree of aggregation can increase for unpalatable understory plants that escape foraging pressure.Clonal reproduction can enable unpalatable plant species to increase their population sizes while trending toward spatially aggregated distributions.However,the details of the relationship between clonal reproduction in unpalatable plants and their dynamics under intensive deer herbivory are not clear.We compared the population structures and spatial patterns of two coexisting unpalatable plant species,Arisaema ovale(with clonal reproduction)and A.peninsulae(without clonal reproduction)in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer,and examined the null hypothesis that the extent of spatial aggregation and local population size would not differ between the clonal and non-clonal Arisaema species.In a 0.36-ha plot,A.ovale had a larger population size(1087 individuals)with a higher abundance ratio of small plants(p<0.01)than A.peninsulae(84 individuals).Analyses of spatial point processes showed that both populations were spatially aggregated(p<0.05).The spatial aggregation of A.peninsulae,however,became weaker than that of A.ovale,when we excluded one dense patch originating from irregular seed dispersion.These results,excluding the aggregated distribution observed in A.peninsulae,suggested a substantial contribution of clonal reproduction to the expansion of the local A.ovale population following intensive grazing by Sika deer.