[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]T...[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]The resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was screened in 11 E.crusgalli populations collected from rice production areas in Changde,Yiyang and Yueyang Cities,Hunan Province,and the resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was determined.[Results]HU-1 to HU-6 and HU-8 A,a total of seven populations showed high levels of resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.The resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was extremely high;population HU-7 showed low-level resistance to both drugs;HU-11 population showed low-level resistance to penoxsulam and was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium;and populations HU-8 and HU-9 were susceptible to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium and the selection of control chemicals for E.crusgalli in paddy fields.展开更多
Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportat...Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportation process.Polyisobutylene succinimide functions as a dispersant and exhibits great potential to improve the physical stability of the oil dispersible suspension concentrate.From a microscopic perspective,the sorption characteristics of the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant T151 on penoxsulam particle surfaces were comprehensively evaluated with XPS,FTIR,and SEM.The T151 adsorption procedure complied with a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model,and it was a kind of physical sorption with an Ea of 22.57 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The T151 sorption model was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm.The adsorption process was spontaneous and followed by an entropy increase.TheΔH^(θ)of dispersant T151 on the surface of penoxsulam particles was 31.59 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The adsorption procedure was endothermic,and the primary force was hydrogen bonding.The XPS results showed that the F and S electronic peaks at the penoxsulam interface decreased,and that the C electronic peak increased significantly after the adsorption of dispersant T151,indicating the adsorption on the surface of penoxsulam particles.The results of this study provide a vital theoretical basis for the application of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants in oil dispersible suspension systems.展开更多
为探讨不同地区稗草种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感水平,采用室内整株生测法测定五氟磺草胺对不同稗草种群的生物活性以及对不同稗草种群叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和Rubisco活性的影响。结果表明,五氟磺草胺影响稗草Rubisco活性、...为探讨不同地区稗草种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感水平,采用室内整株生测法测定五氟磺草胺对不同稗草种群的生物活性以及对不同稗草种群叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和Rubisco活性的影响。结果表明,五氟磺草胺影响稗草Rubisco活性、最大光化学效率以及光合速率等生理指标,但不同稗草种群的变化略有差异。其中五氟磺草胺处理后4 d对安徽潜山稗草种群生理指标影响较大,五氟磺草胺3.75~60.00 g a.i./hm^2处理剂量下稗草Rubisco活性较相同种群空白对照显著降低24.45%~61.09%,15.00~60.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,稗草叶片净光合速率较对照显著降低30.04%~58.56%,60.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,稗草叶绿素含量和最大光化合效率分别较对照显著降低13.10~28.82%和6.64%~11.29%,而湖北武汉稗草种群叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及Rubisco活性无显著变化,只是叶片净光合速率较相同种群空白对照显著降低18.82%~28.49%。整株生物活性测定结果表明,五氟磺草胺处理21 d后安徽潜山稗草地上部鲜质量ED90值最低,为14.936 g a.i./hm^2,而湖北武汉稗草的ED90值最高,为201.679 g a.i./hm^2,显著超过了五氟磺草胺生产使用的推荐剂量。可见湖北武汉稗草种群对五氟磺草胺敏感性明显低于其他地区稗草种群,生产中需要密切注意其抗药性水平的发展变化,及时调整化学防除策略。展开更多
通过田间试验测定了1%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂(SC)与25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂(OD)或10%双草醚悬浮剂(SC)桶混使用对机插秧稻田杂草的防效及水稻的安全性。结果表明:1%噁嗪草酮SC 250、300、350 m L/667 m^2与25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 80 m L/6...通过田间试验测定了1%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂(SC)与25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂(OD)或10%双草醚悬浮剂(SC)桶混使用对机插秧稻田杂草的防效及水稻的安全性。结果表明:1%噁嗪草酮SC 250、300、350 m L/667 m^2与25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 80 m L/667 m^2混用,1%噁嗪草酮SC 350 m L/667 m^2与10%双草醚SC 10 m L/667 m^2混用,在水稻移栽后7 d毒土撒施及移栽后13 d茎叶喷雾施用对稗属杂草、千金子、鸭舌草、耳叶水苋、异型莎草等杂草的防效均达91%以上,优于对照移栽前2 d 35%丙草胺·苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂(WP)80 g/667 m^2毒土撒施+移栽后7 d 50%苯噻酰草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP 75 g/667 m^2毒土撒施处理、移栽后20 d 60 g/L五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OD 100 m L/667 m^2茎叶喷雾处理,移栽后7 d施药处理对杂草的防效高于移栽后13 d施药处理。1%噁嗪草酮SC 250、300、350 m L/667 m^2与25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 80 m L/667 m^2或10%双草醚SC 10 m L/667 m^2桶混在水稻移栽后7 d或13 d处理对机插秧水稻安全。展开更多
为了有效控制旱直播稻田杂草,采用大田试验,设置不同剂量的10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯乳油+480 g/L灭草松水剂,以2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂+480 g/L灭草松水剂为对照,观察不同除草剂组合对旱直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对水稻产量的影响...为了有效控制旱直播稻田杂草,采用大田试验,设置不同剂量的10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯乳油+480 g/L灭草松水剂,以2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂+480 g/L灭草松水剂为对照,观察不同除草剂组合对旱直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对水稻产量的影响。结果表明,10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯乳油300~450 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm^2对旱直播稻南粳9108无药害,具有较好的杂草防除效果,株防效和干重防效均达98%以上,而2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂37.5 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm 2对杂草的株防效和干重防效分别为85.5%和87.3%。10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯300~450 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm^2处理的水稻产量与人工除草间无显著差异,而2.5%五氟磺草胺+480 g/L灭草松水剂处理的水稻产量较人工除草显著降低,残存杂草造成水稻叶片光合速率降低、根系氧化力减弱是该处理下水稻减产的重要原因。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2019NK4170)Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Hunan Province(CX2018B796)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]The resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was screened in 11 E.crusgalli populations collected from rice production areas in Changde,Yiyang and Yueyang Cities,Hunan Province,and the resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was determined.[Results]HU-1 to HU-6 and HU-8 A,a total of seven populations showed high levels of resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.The resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was extremely high;population HU-7 showed low-level resistance to both drugs;HU-11 population showed low-level resistance to penoxsulam and was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium;and populations HU-8 and HU-9 were susceptible to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium and the selection of control chemicals for E.crusgalli in paddy fields.
基金This work was funded by the Foundation(No.LJ2020030)from the Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province,China.
文摘Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportation process.Polyisobutylene succinimide functions as a dispersant and exhibits great potential to improve the physical stability of the oil dispersible suspension concentrate.From a microscopic perspective,the sorption characteristics of the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant T151 on penoxsulam particle surfaces were comprehensively evaluated with XPS,FTIR,and SEM.The T151 adsorption procedure complied with a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model,and it was a kind of physical sorption with an Ea of 22.57 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The T151 sorption model was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm.The adsorption process was spontaneous and followed by an entropy increase.TheΔH^(θ)of dispersant T151 on the surface of penoxsulam particles was 31.59 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The adsorption procedure was endothermic,and the primary force was hydrogen bonding.The XPS results showed that the F and S electronic peaks at the penoxsulam interface decreased,and that the C electronic peak increased significantly after the adsorption of dispersant T151,indicating the adsorption on the surface of penoxsulam particles.The results of this study provide a vital theoretical basis for the application of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants in oil dispersible suspension systems.
文摘为探讨不同地区稗草种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感水平,采用室内整株生测法测定五氟磺草胺对不同稗草种群的生物活性以及对不同稗草种群叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和Rubisco活性的影响。结果表明,五氟磺草胺影响稗草Rubisco活性、最大光化学效率以及光合速率等生理指标,但不同稗草种群的变化略有差异。其中五氟磺草胺处理后4 d对安徽潜山稗草种群生理指标影响较大,五氟磺草胺3.75~60.00 g a.i./hm^2处理剂量下稗草Rubisco活性较相同种群空白对照显著降低24.45%~61.09%,15.00~60.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,稗草叶片净光合速率较对照显著降低30.04%~58.56%,60.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,稗草叶绿素含量和最大光化合效率分别较对照显著降低13.10~28.82%和6.64%~11.29%,而湖北武汉稗草种群叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及Rubisco活性无显著变化,只是叶片净光合速率较相同种群空白对照显著降低18.82%~28.49%。整株生物活性测定结果表明,五氟磺草胺处理21 d后安徽潜山稗草地上部鲜质量ED90值最低,为14.936 g a.i./hm^2,而湖北武汉稗草的ED90值最高,为201.679 g a.i./hm^2,显著超过了五氟磺草胺生产使用的推荐剂量。可见湖北武汉稗草种群对五氟磺草胺敏感性明显低于其他地区稗草种群,生产中需要密切注意其抗药性水平的发展变化,及时调整化学防除策略。
文摘通过田间试验测定了1%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂(SC)与25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂(OD)或10%双草醚悬浮剂(SC)桶混使用对机插秧稻田杂草的防效及水稻的安全性。结果表明:1%噁嗪草酮SC 250、300、350 m L/667 m^2与25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 80 m L/667 m^2混用,1%噁嗪草酮SC 350 m L/667 m^2与10%双草醚SC 10 m L/667 m^2混用,在水稻移栽后7 d毒土撒施及移栽后13 d茎叶喷雾施用对稗属杂草、千金子、鸭舌草、耳叶水苋、异型莎草等杂草的防效均达91%以上,优于对照移栽前2 d 35%丙草胺·苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂(WP)80 g/667 m^2毒土撒施+移栽后7 d 50%苯噻酰草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP 75 g/667 m^2毒土撒施处理、移栽后20 d 60 g/L五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OD 100 m L/667 m^2茎叶喷雾处理,移栽后7 d施药处理对杂草的防效高于移栽后13 d施药处理。1%噁嗪草酮SC 250、300、350 m L/667 m^2与25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD 80 m L/667 m^2或10%双草醚SC 10 m L/667 m^2桶混在水稻移栽后7 d或13 d处理对机插秧水稻安全。
文摘为了有效控制旱直播稻田杂草,采用大田试验,设置不同剂量的10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯乳油+480 g/L灭草松水剂,以2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂+480 g/L灭草松水剂为对照,观察不同除草剂组合对旱直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对水稻产量的影响。结果表明,10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯乳油300~450 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm^2对旱直播稻南粳9108无药害,具有较好的杂草防除效果,株防效和干重防效均达98%以上,而2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂37.5 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm 2对杂草的株防效和干重防效分别为85.5%和87.3%。10%噁唑酰草胺·氰氟草酯300~450 g a.i./hm^2+480 g/L灭草松水剂1440 g a.i./hm^2处理的水稻产量与人工除草间无显著差异,而2.5%五氟磺草胺+480 g/L灭草松水剂处理的水稻产量较人工除草显著降低,残存杂草造成水稻叶片光合速率降低、根系氧化力减弱是该处理下水稻减产的重要原因。
