Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

Deep Transfer Learning-Enabled Activity Identification and Fall Detection for Disabled People

The human motion data collected using wearables like smartwatches can be used for activity recognition and emergency event detection.This is especially applicable in the case of elderly or disabled people who live self-reliantly in their homes.These sensors produce a huge volume of physical activity data that necessitates real-time recognition,especially during emergencies.Falling is one of the most important problems confronted by older people and people with movement disabilities.Numerous previous techniques were introduced and a few used webcam to monitor the activity of elderly or disabled people.But,the costs incurred upon installation and operation are high,whereas the technology is relevant only for indoor environments.Currently,commercial wearables use a wireless emergency transmitter that produces a number of false alarms and restricts a user’s movements.Against this background,the current study develops an Improved WhaleOptimizationwithDeep Learning-Enabled Fall Detection for Disabled People(IWODL-FDDP)model.The presented IWODL-FDDP model aims to identify the fall events to assist disabled people.The presented IWODLFDDP model applies an image filtering approach to pre-process the image.Besides,the EfficientNet-B0 model is utilized to generate valuable feature vector sets.Next,the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM)model is used for the recognition and classification of fall events.Finally,the IWO method is leveraged to fine-tune the hyperparameters related to the BiLSTM method,which shows the novelty of the work.The experimental analysis outcomes established the superior performance of the proposed IWODL-FDDP method with a maximum accuracy of 97.02%.

Hand Gesture Recognition for Disabled People Using Bayesian Optimization with Transfer Learning

Sign language recognition can be treated as one of the efficient solu-tions for disabled people to communicate with others.It helps them to convey the required data by the use of sign language with no issues.The latest develop-ments in computer vision and image processing techniques can be accurately uti-lized for the sign recognition process by disabled people.American Sign Language(ASL)detection was challenging because of the enhancing intraclass similarity and higher complexity.This article develops a new Bayesian Optimiza-tion with Deep Learning-Driven Hand Gesture Recognition Based Sign Language Communication(BODL-HGRSLC)for Disabled People.The BODL-HGRSLC technique aims to recognize the hand gestures for disabled people’s communica-tion.The presented BODL-HGRSLC technique integrates the concepts of compu-ter vision(CV)and DL models.In the presented BODL-HGRSLC technique,a deep convolutional neural network-based residual network(ResNet)model is applied for feature extraction.Besides,the presented BODL-HGRSLC model uses Bayesian optimization for the hyperparameter tuning process.At last,a bidir-ectional gated recurrent unit(BiGRU)model is exploited for the HGR procedure.A wide range of experiments was conducted to demonstrate the enhanced perfor-mance of the presented BODL-HGRSLC model.The comprehensive comparison study reported the improvements of the BODL-HGRSLC model over other DL models with maximum accuracy of 99.75%.

Automated Disabled People Fall Detection Using Cuckoo Search with Mobile Networks

Falls are the most common concern among older adults or disabled peo-ple who use scooters and wheelchairs.The early detection of disabled persons’falls is required to increase the living rate of an individual or provide support to them whenever required.In recent times,the arrival of the Internet of Things(IoT),smartphones,Artificial Intelligence(AI),wearables and so on make it easy to design fall detection mechanisms for smart homecare.The current study devel-ops an Automated Disabled People Fall Detection using Cuckoo Search Optimi-zation with Mobile Networks(ADPFD-CSOMN)model.The proposed model’s major aim is to detect and distinguish fall events from non-fall events automati-cally.To attain this,the presented ADPFD-CSOMN technique incorporates the design of the MobileNet model for the feature extraction process.Next,the CSO-based hyperparameter tuning process is executed for the MobileNet model,which shows the paper’s novelty.Finally,the Radial Basis Function(RBF)clas-sification model recognises and classifies the instances as either fall or non-fall.In order to validate the betterment of the proposed ADPFD-CSOMN model,a com-prehensive experimental analysis was conducted.The results confirmed the enhanced fall classification outcomes of the ADPFD-CSOMN model over other approaches with an accuracy of 99.17%.

Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Recognition for Hearing and Speaking Impaired People

Sign language is mainly utilized in communication with people who have hearing disabilities.Sign language is used to communicate with people hav-ing developmental impairments who have some or no interaction skills.The inter-action via Sign language becomes a fruitful means of communication for hearing and speech impaired persons.A Hand gesture recognition systemfinds helpful for deaf and dumb people by making use of human computer interface(HCI)and convolutional neural networks(CNN)for identifying the static indications of Indian Sign Language(ISL).This study introduces a shark smell optimization with deep learning based automated sign language recognition(SSODL-ASLR)model for hearing and speaking impaired people.The presented SSODL-ASLR technique majorly concentrates on the recognition and classification of sign lan-guage provided by deaf and dumb people.The presented SSODL-ASLR model encompasses a two stage process namely sign language detection and sign lan-guage classification.In thefirst stage,the Mask Region based Convolution Neural Network(Mask RCNN)model is exploited for sign language recognition.Sec-ondly,SSO algorithm with soft margin support vector machine(SM-SVM)model can be utilized for sign language classification.To assure the enhanced classifica-tion performance of the SSODL-ASLR model,a brief set of simulations was car-ried out.The extensive results portrayed the supremacy of the SSODL-ASLR model over other techniques.

Access to Supportive Health Services for People with Physical Disabilities: A Case of Health Facilities in Singida Rural District, Tanzania

Background: It is estimated that above one billion people (15%) of the world’s populations are living with disabilities. The poor and unfriendly infrastructure at health facilities is the core challenge for people with physical disabilities in accessing healthcare. This study aimed to explore at what extent the existing infrastructure and design of health facilities in Singida rural district, Tanzania supports people with physical disabilities to access healthcare. Methods: A cross sectional health facility-based assessment of all thirty-two functioning health facilities in the district was done between June and December 2020 using observational checklist and key informants’ interviews consist of measurement procedures of the architectural condition of health facilities. Observation checklist was designed based on standard of health facilities in Tanzania, national guideline for safe care standards for dispensaries, health centers and district hospital of 2014 and national guideline for water, sanitation and hygiene in healthcare facilities of 2017. Data were analyzed by SPSS-26 using descriptive statistics to obtain frequencies tables, percentage and figure. Qualitative data were analyzed by using NVivo-12 software. Results: The study revealed that there was no signage, entrance area, parking and toilets designated for people with physical disabilities in all health facilities. There was no special seat, examination table/bed and special weight scale for people with physical disabilities in all facilities. Also, the doors were not wide enough to support wheelchair user to maneuver in all health centers and dispensaries. In addition, door handles were not user friendly for wheelchair users. In fact, only the hospital and health centers had wheelchairs while 27 (96.4%) of all dispensaries had no wheelchairs. Furthermore, ramp and pathways were not available in all dispensaries. All health facilities had stairs but the challenge was most of the staircases had no floor located before the steps. Conclusion: The study revealed that the infrastructures in most healthcare facilities pose challenges to people with physical disabilities when they access healthcare services. These findings call for need of improving health facilities’ infrastructure to accommodate people with physical disabilities and this should be given a priority.

Sign Language Recognition and Classification Model to Enhance Quality of Disabled People

Sign language recognition can be considered as an effective solution for disabled people to communicate with others.It helps them in conveying the intended information using sign languages without any challenges.Recent advancements in computer vision and image processing techniques can be leveraged to detect and classify the signs used by disabled people in an effective manner.Metaheuristic optimization algorithms can be designed in a manner such that it fine tunes the hyper parameters,used in Deep Learning(DL)models as the latter considerably impacts the classification results.With this motivation,the current study designs the Optimal Deep Transfer Learning Driven Sign Language Recognition and Classification(ODTL-SLRC)model for disabled people.The aim of the proposed ODTL-SLRC technique is to recognize and classify sign languages used by disabled people.The proposed ODTL-SLRC technique derives EfficientNet model to generate a collection of useful feature vectors.In addition,the hyper parameters involved in EfficientNet model are fine-tuned with the help of HGSO algorithm.Moreover,Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM)technique is employed for sign language classification.The proposed ODTL-SLRC technique was experimentally validated using benchmark dataset and the results were inspected under several measures.The comparative analysis results established the superior performance of the proposed ODTL-SLRC technique over recent approaches in terms of efficiency.

A Concept Compact City Vehicle Design for the Disabled Aging People

The degeneration of physical function of the aging often causes physical disability. The aging people have difficulties in getting in and out of the compact car, decreasing their chance to go outdoors. The present study is based on observation of six disabled aged users of light to moderate physical disability in moving inside and getting in and out of a car. From the video and interviews, problems the disabled aged people encountered in using compact cars were addressed. To solve the inconvenience and difficulty elderly disabled passengers have in a compact car, a concept design of a welfare vehicle was developed. In the concept welfare vehicle, a big hand bar on the side of the car door that can be controlled with the operation of car door was proposed to help the aging people support their body. Moreover, special enlarged chair, hand grip, and lighting under the rear seat were offered to help the aging people get in and out of the ear. In addition, a hand grip hidden on the ceiling can help the elderly disabled passengers move around inside a compact car.

Developing Better Services for Intimate Partner Violence： Hearing the Voice of Disabled People

This article deals with collaborative development work between the public sector and the third sectorin an area of Southern Savo, Finland, from the perspective of disabled victims. The purpose was to create structures for IPV （intimate partner violence） work, developing professionals＇ skills in both tackling IPV and service-user involvement. Five NGOs （non-goverumental organizations） for disabled people were involved. Professionals were trained to ask about IPV and to gainamore in-depth understanding of the issue （including thespecial features relating to disabled people） andof how to intervene. Care pathways, linking both basic and special services, were also modeled. A permanent and regional NEIPV （Network of Excellence in IPV） was established and is coordinated by both the public and third sectors, including Experts by Experience. Strong basic structures and care pathways are needed so that the special needs of disabled people can be recognized. Raising awareness of violence, routine enquiries modified according to the needs of organizations, and simple care pathways are needed--both in the public sector and for NGOs representing the disabled. Information gained through training will not necessarily be transferred into direct practice without a strong commitment from the managerial level. Establishing organizational guidelines is necessary. This will also promote professionals＇ openness toward user knowledge.

Analysis on Supported Employment of People with Disabilities in Southwest China's Minority Areas

Employment of people with disabilities in Southwest China’s ethnic minority areas is characterized by relatively high pressure, a poor environment and single form. Supported employment can solve the problems faced by people with disabilities in the ethnic minority areas of Southwest China. Therefore, it is of practical significance to promote such a new form of employment. But in promoting the development of supported employment, it is necessary to strengthen its local top-level design and to establish corresponding legal and policy systems so as to give full play to the positive role of the government and establish a strong support system.

Preparations for the Olympics and Paralympics and Inclusion of People With Disabilities:the Australian Experience

There is substantial attention in the international community being directed at present to the human rights of people with disabilities. An international convention on human rights and disability is being actively considered through the United Nations system. Internationally, the case for a human rights Convention specifically dealing with people with disabilities

Advances in Health Promotion for People with Disabilities and the Laws of Brazil

Brazilian laws guarantee the protection to the rights of the citizenship of people with disabilities and their participation in various social sectors which influence health promotion. One aimed at reflecting about the health promotion actions contemplated in Brazilian laws directed to people with physical, hearing and visual disabilities. Through the website of the National Secretariat for the Promotion of the Rights of People with Disabilities, one selected 14 laws whose content was articulated to the Health Promotion Charts in the process of discussion. The laws had as their main objective, the accessibility of people with disabilities to urban spaces, health, income, education, transportation and leisure, i.e. to public services that are essential for the establishment of health. It is concluded that there was a progress in the elaboration of laws that guarantee the rights and integration of this population. However, it is observed that the non-compliance of the laws makes the promotion of health impossible.

UN Landmark Convention of Rights of Disabled People——Interview with Zhang Guozhong of the China Federation for Disabled Persons

The 61st UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in New York City on December 13, 2006. This is the first legally binding international convention on the protection of the rights of disabled persons, the first of its kind in the history of the United Nations. It is also the latest efforts of the international community to protect and promote human rights and development of persons with disabilities. On March 30, 2007, China signed the Convention. The following is an interview with Mr. Zhang Guozhong of the International Department of the China Federation for Disabled Persons, who witnessed the whole process of the negotiations on the Convention.

Achievements in Safeguarding Disabled People's Rights——An Interview with Shen Zhifei,deputy general director of the China Disabled Persons' Federation

There are about 83 million disabled people in China, accounting for 6.34% of the total population, according to a national survey in 2006. As a disadvantaged group, the rights and interests of the disabled are arousing more concerns from all walks of society in the country. Following is Human Rights＇ interview with Shen Zhifei, deputy general director of the China Disabled Persons＇ Federation, on the legal guarantee of the special group＇s rights and interests, their rehabilitation, education and employment.

Association between Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in Older People with Stroke at Hospital Discharge

Objective: The number of people with stroke increases worldwide. The stroke survivors live with disabilities and those influence their quality of life (QOL). This study was aimed to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and QOL of the older people with stroke at discharge from the hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants were 113 stroke survivors aged 60 years and older admitted to the stroke unit. Quality of life was the study’s outcome which measured by using the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Primary clinical characteristics were measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Potential confounding factors were age, sex, education levels, marital status, current occupation, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and heart disease). Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: The main effects of clinical outcomes were high BI Score that had a significant difference association with QOL (β = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.296, P = 0.009), lower mRS score also had significant difference association with QOL (β= -0.371, 95%CI = -5.394, -1.162, P = 0.003) after all adjusting. Additional risk factor in this study was marital status (currently married) (β= 0.155, 95% CI = 0.226, 8.666, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Low function status and severe stroke disability as the clinical characteristics were associated with QOL in older people with stroke at hospital discharge. An additional factor was marital status (currently married).

Educational System for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences for Blind and Handicapped People Based on Google Speech API

There is a great need to provide educational environments for blind and handicapped people. There are many Islamic websites and applications dedicated to the educational services for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences (Quran Recitations, the interpretations, etc.) on the Internet. Unfortunately, blind and handicapped people could not use these services. These people cannot use the keyboard and the mouse. In addition, the ability to read and write is essential to benefit from these services. In this paper, we present an educational environment that allows these people to take full advantage of the scientific materials. This is done through the interaction with the system using voice commands by speaking directly without the need to write or to use the mouse. Google Speech API is used for the universal speech recognition after a preprocessing and post processing phases to improve the accuracy. For blind people, responses of these commands will be played back through the audio device instead of displaying the text to the screen. The text will be displayed on the screen to help other people make use of the system.

共享、发展与融合:残疾人家庭共同富裕的内涵辨析与发展路径

受多种因素的影响,残疾人家庭与一般家庭存在较大的收入差距,具有较高的返贫风险,是实现共同富裕的短板。残疾人家庭共同富裕问题的成因较为复杂,可以归纳为“体能主义”的发展理念、“事业为纲”的政策偏差和普遍存在的社会排斥。逐步实现残疾人家庭共同富裕,需要超越收入维度,从残疾人的全面发展和残疾人家庭社会融合方面理解其内涵,在此基础上,通过建构共享路径、发展路径和融合路径,逐步实现残疾人家庭共同富裕的目标。

公共数字文化服务残疾人用户利用影响因素及信息无障碍完善路径研究

公共数字文化服务的信息无障碍建设是公共文化服务均等化发展、促进数字包容的重要议题。文章综合运用5S模型及民族志决策树模型等方法,针对残疾人用户群体开展实地访谈调研,对以残疾人为代表的特殊群体公共数字文化服务利用需求、障碍等进行实证分析研究;并对服务利用的影响因素进行扎根理论编码分析,形成残疾人群体公共数字文化服务利用影响因素的理论框架;在此基础上,提出公共数字文化服务信息无障碍完善路径,以更好地解决残疾人群体在利用公共数字文化服务过程中遇到的问题,促进数字时代公共文化服务均等化发展。

残疾人居住空间无障碍改造研究综述

随着中国人口老龄化形势的日益严峻,残障人群的数量不断增加,新时代,我国更加重视残疾人事业的建设,而居住空间的无障碍改造设计是改善残疾人生活质量的重要手段之一。该文从国内外关于残疾人居家环境无障碍改造的文献研究入手,梳理有关国内外残疾人居住空间无障碍改造的发展历程,综合评述了国内外相关研究关于残疾人住房起居无障改造设计的研究方向、方法与结论。同时,总结我国在老龄化背景和人本理念下残疾人居住空间无障碍改造存在的无障碍问题与未来发展趋势,以期推进我国无障碍发展建设,提升残疾人民生福祉。

农村“双困”老年人长期照护筹资规模及保障机制研究

2020年我国乡村60周岁及以上人口占乡村总人口的23.8%,2021年面临自理能力丧失困境的农村老年人所占比重为26.4%,相较城镇,农村老年人口存在自主能力受限和认识能力障碍的人数较多,占比分别达到37.8%和36.5%。鉴于农村收入水平和家庭照护能力较低,完善农村“双困”老人照护机制已成为国家老龄事业发展中亟待解决的重大难题,也是目前农村养老政策中亟待解决的重要课题。运用Markov模型,结合2013—2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,测算未来30年农村“双困”老人的人口规模及结构,进而得出农村“双困”老人照护需要及社会救助成本。研究结果表明,我国失能老人数量呈现倒U型增长趋势,从2021年农村失能老人1789万人,到2036年达峰值后,随后会出现小幅下降,2051年降到1961万人。农村“双困”老人的照护需求和社会救助成本也随之上升,在中方案下,农村“双困”老人的救助成本规模从2021年的292.62亿元上升到2051年的580.96亿元,但此成本规模占财政支出的比例较少。基于以上结果,提出以满足农村“双困”老人照护服务需要为切入点,建立多层次的农村“双困”老人照护筹资体系,农村老年照护救助是解决农村“双困”老人照护问题的政策选择。