Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

A State Leader,an Economist and a People's Representative——An exclusive interview with Mr. Cheng Siwei,former Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC) and President of the Central Committee of the China National Democratic Construction Asso

In the midst of a stock frenzy in China and tight monetary policy carried out by the Chinese government, what knowledge can we glean from a respected state leader, an economist and a people representative?

Tibet:14 Years of Brilliant, Extraor Achievements——An interview with Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Tremendous changes have takenplace in Tibet under the state policy of reform andopening up to the outside world, especially over thepast 14 years since the Fourth Plenary Session of the13th Central Committee of the Chinese CommunistParty. Unprecedented are the development of the localeconomy, and so are the changes in the outlook ofcities and countryside in the region, and life of ethnicTibetan has kept improving.Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee ofthe National People's Congress (NPC), is a mostqualified eyewitness to these changes. He was born intoa serf's family before the Democratic Reform in thelate 1950s, and had worked on various leading posts inTibet before he was elected to NPC, China's highestlegislature. In July 1990, Jiang Zemin, then generalsecretary of the CPC Central Committee, cited Raidi asan example when speaking on the question of humanrights during an inspection tour of Lhasa. Said he,'What do human rights mean? Comrade Raidi, aformer serf, now works as the second most seniormember of the Chinese Communist Party Committee ofTibet Autonomous Region, his experiences bring outthe meaning of human rights. Aren't we justified topublicize that?'Following is a slightly abridged text of an interviewgiven by Raidi to our staff reporter on the eve of theNew Year's day, in which he talked about theachievements Tibet has made over the past 14 yearsand the Party's policy in Tibet.

Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Abduct and Traffic in or Kidnap Women or Children (Adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People'

With a view to severely punishing criminals who abduct and traffic in or kidnap women or children so as to protect the personal safety of women and children and maintain the public security order, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law are supplemented or amended as follows: 1. Whoever abducts and traffics in a woman or a child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be punished with a

Congratulations from Prof.Han Qi-de,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology

It is of my great pleasure to learn that the Third World Integrative Medicine Congress is about to be held in Guangzhou. rm writing to express my highest congratulations to the successful opening of the congress, as well as my cordial welcome to the experts and scholars around the world.

Xu Jialu: Chinese Culture Should Shoulder Its Own World Responsibilities

Xu Jialu,Vice Chairman of the Ninth and the Tenth Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, is also a world-famous linguist and famed cultural scholar. He celebrated his 80th birthday in June this year. The author paid a special visit to the old scholar and talked about hot topics like Chinese culture, the global situation, the “Belt and Road” initiative etc. with him.

新时代地方变通立法的创新与规制——以授权上海制定浦东新区法规为视角

浦东新区法规是全国人大常委会通过授权决定创设的新型地方性法规,旨在比照经济特区法规,在非经济特区的浦东变通适用法律和行政法规,为我国地方变通立法制度开创了重要先例。从创设依据看,尽管在授权时缺少《立法法》的直接依据,但总体上遵循了宪法的职权范围和央地国家机构职权划分原则,与宪法序言精神相契合,因而具备必要的合宪性基础。鉴于变通立法与法制统一原则的内在紧张关系,法规的制定应当严控准入门槛,准确把握权限范围与变通幅度,建立健全备案审查和自我监督机制,着力实现预留创新空间、严守法治底线的总体目标与核心要求。

法律询问答复的类型与适用控制——对《立法法》第69条的解释

传统观点认为法工委的法律询问答复与全国人大常委会的立法解释存在功能混同的问题,使得该制度在民主正当性与治理有效性之间存在一定张力。但上述立场难以成立。在职权属性上,二者具有本质区别。前者是人民代表大会制度下兼顾民主与效率的结果,具有决策咨询属性;后者是全国人大常委会监督法律在不同法域实施与司法解释的重要手段,具有监督权属性与终局性。在功能类型上,法律询问答复虽大多以“解释法律”为基本表征,但其主要用于协调组织事务、调控立法争议以及为执法、司法活动提供参照等法政实践,是司法解释难以涉猎与立法解释无需介入的领域。为规范法律询问答复的具体适用,应从法解释学的角度明确制度展开的管辖范围、程序规范及监督机制三项要素。而无需诉诸制度废除或主体变更等根本性改革方案。

中国宪法委员会制度初论

依宪治国和依宪执政背景下,加强宪法实施、维护法制统一、建设中国特色社会主义法治体系内在地需要有专门的宪法监督机关。设立宪法委员会,将其作为全国人大的常设机关,专门负责监督宪法实施,能够有效破解全国人大及其常委会"自我监督"的尴尬悖论和"无暇监督"的现实问题。宪法委员会的核心职能是违宪审查和解释宪法。建立宪法委员会制度应当处理好宪法委员会与党的领导、全国人大、改革开放三者的关系,确立党内法规不审查、基本法律不审查、特别授权立法不审查的原则。

我国医疗纠纷人民调解委员会中立性问题与对策分析

中立性是医调委开展调解活动的基础,是医调委能否获得医患双方当事人信任的关键。只有切实保证医调委的中立性,才能确保调解结果的客观、公正,从而更好地处理医疗纠纷,化解医患矛盾。作者阐述医调委中立性的内涵,分析保障医调委中立性的必要性,根据实践情况,提出现实中影响医调委中立性的几个问题:医调委缺乏独立性、医调委调解过程缺乏透明性、医调委缺乏监管、回避制度不完善以及医调委经费不足等,最后针对这些问题提出相应的合理化建议。

监察委员会监察人大代表的理解与论证

为了实现国家监察全面覆盖,监察委员会就要对所有行使公权力的公职人员进行监察。由于民主集中制原则,监察委员会不能够对同级人民代表大会及其常务委员会进行监察。监察委员会监察之对象应为人员而非机构。按照《监察法》第3条和第15条的规定,监察委员会是能够监察人大代表的。从域外的情况看,按照议会自律原则的理论,监察机关一般不将代议机关的议员纳入监察对象之范围;但是由于我国实行人大代表制度,如果将中国五级三百万人大代表排除在监察对象之范围外,将会使监察对象之范围出现一个很大的缺口,与实现国家监察全面覆盖的立法意旨不相符。从中国国情来看,监察委员会应当能够监察人大代表。监察委员会在监察人大代表时存在着监察职责、监察措施、监察程序三方面的限度。

人大“个案监督”的现状及主要论争述评

文章考察我国现行人大“个案监督”制度的现状,剖析学界关于“个案监督”的正反两方面的主要看法,并在此基础上发表了自己的观点。

论法律询问答复的效力

法律询问答复效力等级和范围的确立是关乎我国法制统一的重要问题。现行法律对法律询问答复效力的定位较为模糊,可作3种理解:一是与司法解释、行政解释相同;二是高于其他应用解释;三是仅具有指导作用。事实上,法律询问答复已部分替代了全国人大常委会本应做出的宪法和法律解释,但其效力还不具有普遍性和强制性。可创设保守型、稳健型和创新型3种制度模式来确认法律询问答复的效力,以缓解社会转型期全国人大常委会法律解释不足与社会需求之间的矛盾和冲突。

徐特立与苏维埃大学

1933年8月,中华苏维埃共和国中央人民委员会在瑞金创办苏维埃大学。时任中央政府教育部代部长的徐特立,指导教育部与苏维埃大学合办教育工作班,指导并亲自担任苏维埃大学的教学工作,并于1934年春开始担任副校长,与瞿秋白齐心协力办学校,为苏区培养了大批急需的政治、经济、文化、教育等方面的干部人才。

试论全国人大法工委法律询问答复的效力

根据我国《立法法》第55条的相关规定,全国人大常委会工作机构有对法律询问做出答复的权力。在某些具体案件的审理中,该种答复作为审判的依据被人民法院所适用。法律询问答复不是立法解释,亦非类似司法解释的具体应用解释,不具有作为有权的审判依据的效力。法律询问答复在普遍适用性、强制适用等方面仍存在着较多的争议,其作为规范的效力如何有待讨论。法律询问答复制度的存在反映实践工作的需求,需要对相应规范进一步地明确和改造。

民事和解的理论解析及制度构建——以民事检察为视角

目前,各地检察机关正积极开展民事和解工作,检察官在其中发挥了疏导情绪、信息沟通、辅助选择的重要作用,推进了社会纠纷化解。从民事诉讼目的、调解原则、检察监督原则以及检察机关是否存在角色冲突等角度来分析,检察机关主持民事和解具有合法性。限于目前条件,检察机关主持和解应侧重于影响巨大的案件、当事人间有特殊关系的案件,应坚持自愿、合法、中立、诚信的基本原则,构建保障当事人基本权利的和解程序。

新中国初期社会主义爱国公约运动初探

社会主义爱国公约运动是在1957年开始普遍推行的,其目的是为了改造不良分子,维护正常的生产和生活秩序,改变旧的、落后的风俗习惯,形成社会主义新风尚,增强人民内部团结,加快社会主义建设。社会主义爱国公约是经过人民群众民主讨论,在自觉自愿的基础上制订出来的,由人民群众互相监督和在人民调处委员会的监督下贯彻执行,对提高人民觉悟、促进生产、移风易俗、减少纠纷、加强人民团结、预防犯罪和加强法制起到了重要作用。

我国医疗纠纷调解模式之选择

作为替代性纠纷解决方式的一种，调解被认为能在医疗纠纷的解决中发挥良好的作用。在我国现有的三种医疗纠纷调解模式中，相较于法院调解模式、行政调解模式而言，属于民间调解范畴的医疗纠纷人民调解委员会模式在专业性、中立性、公信力、可及性和有效性方面具有更大的优势。医疗纠纷人民调解委员会模式应当作为我国医疗纠纷解决机制当中非常重要的组成部分。