Implement Constitutional Principles to Uncover Tort Cases——An interview with Wang Zhenchuan, deputy chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

EDITOR'S NOTE: Since May 2004, the people's procuratorates in China have concentrated their efforts on uncovering cases of encroaching upon human rights by government functionaries by abusing their power. The move has aroused extensive attention. On this, our staff reporter interviewed Deputy Chief Procurator Wang Zhenchuan, who is in charge of the campaign against human rights violations.

Research of Social Problems under Global Vision, Local Consciousness and People＇s Standard --Take analysis of the design intention of individual account as example

In the study of social problems, it is important to realize the organic combination of global view, local people standard,, which plays an important role in handing and understanding specific social problems undoubtedly. This article takes our country＇s public pension personal account as example ,analyzing how to realize the combination of all three in the whole research process of the individual account.

CSHRS's Delegates Attend ASEM People's Forum V

Adelegation led by Prof. Chen Shiqiu, Vice President of the China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) andexpert of the UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, attended ASEM People’s Forum V held in Hanoi, Vietnam on 6-9 September, 2004.

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China-ChapterⅡ

The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens Article 33. All persons holding the nationality of the People’s Republic of China are citizens of the People’s Republic of China. All citizens of the People’s Republic of China are equal before the law. Every citizen is entitled to the rights and at the same time must perform the duties prescribed by the Constitution and the law.

“五四宪法”中人民代表大会制度及其实施的国家治理逻辑

人民代表大会制度在“五四宪法”中有着特定规范内涵,具体包括制度来源论、制度属性论、制度地位论和制度功能论。70年来的制度实践,尽管在文本规范上和具体实施中有所变动,但人民主权原则、最高国家权力机关的本质内涵从未变迁。新时代以来,人民代表大会制度日益凸显其在国家治理体系中的重要理论方位,具体体现于制度方位、民主方位、法治方位和治理方位。在确定和厘清上述理论方位的基础上,人民代表大会制度必将为践行全过程人民民主、促进高质量发展、推动现代化强国建设以及助力中华民族伟大复兴提供更好的发展方略。

马克思劳动观视角下劳动教育的哲学阐释

教育与劳动相结合是唯物史观的内在要求,是社会主义教育观的重要内容。在劳动方式和劳动形态日益复杂多样的今天,看似老生常谈的劳动教育事实上也面临着诸多新的问题。从根本上说,新时代劳动教育的核心在于正确人生观价值观的培育、健康人格的养成,而不只是技能的培养,因此,从马克思劳动观视角,阐明新时代劳动教育必须注意的前提性理论问题就显得十分必要。马克思将人类劳动提升为人的类本质特性,为劳动教育提供了本体论根基;劳动作为人的创造性活动,内在地蕴涵了对真善美的追求,为劳动教育提供了知识论依据;劳动的社会历史特性与辩证本质彰显了人类解放和人的全面发展的价值导向,为劳动教育提供了价值观指向。

中国式现代化视域下习近平人民幸福观的三重逻辑意蕴

习近平人民幸福观形成、丰富、发展于中国式现代化的伟大实践,同样也作用于新时代中国式现代化的伟大实践,是引领中国人民追求幸福的科学指南。习近平人民幸福观的生发,有其内在的逻辑理路。从理论逻辑维度看,习近平人民幸福观是对马克思“现实的人”的继承与升华、对中华“民本思想”的弘扬与创新、对“人民至上”价值理念的赓续与发展;从实践逻辑维度看,习近平人民幸福观源于坚持党的正确领导、推动实现高质量发展、促进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化伟大实践;从价值逻辑维度看,习近平人民幸福观饱含为“每个人谋发展”的个人幸福、为“中华谋复兴”的民族幸福、为“人类谋进步”的人类幸福的至上追求。

The Role of Consultative Democracy in a Constitutional System and the Rule of Law in China

The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, which responds to the core themes of the determinant of socialism, Party leadership, the democratic tradition of New China and native resources for constructing the rule of law, is an important resource for constructing the rule of law in China. In a constitutional system of＂ruling Party--political power--the people＂ that takes the sovereignty of the people as the logic of its starting point, consultative democracy plays the role of functional coupling. Popular sovereignty gains political legitimacy on the basis of multi- party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, thus translating the will of the ruling Party into the will of the state. Consultative democracy constitutes an essential process in national decision-making, affording a basis for the construction of the inherent logical sequence of ＂ruling Party--Consultative Conference--People＇s Congress.＂ The democratic supervision exercised by the Consultative Conference is an extension of political consultation; from it unfolds the systems framework of the rule of law in China.

The Role of Consultative Democracy under the Constitutional Framework and the Associated Rule of Law

The logical sequence of China＇s state governance is ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses--the people.＂ The ＂governing party--consultative conferences＂ link in the chain involves political consultation through people＇s consultative conferences. The ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses＂ link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party＇s views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people＇s congresses. The ＂people＇s congresses--the people＂ link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law. The ＂governing party--the people＂ link is an illustration of the party＇s mass line, which essentially involves social consultation. Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the ＂governing party---consultative conferences＂ link and the social consultation in the ＂governing party-- the people＂ link in the chain, both of which are connected through the system of people＇s congresses. This logically determines the inner relations between the Party＇s leadership, consultative democracy and the people＇s congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy. That is, in the process of democratic decision-making, a circular system consisting of ＂political consultation-- legislative consultation--social consultation＂ is created to guide development of the actual system.

中国宪法委员会制度初论

依宪治国和依宪执政背景下,加强宪法实施、维护法制统一、建设中国特色社会主义法治体系内在地需要有专门的宪法监督机关。设立宪法委员会,将其作为全国人大的常设机关,专门负责监督宪法实施,能够有效破解全国人大及其常委会"自我监督"的尴尬悖论和"无暇监督"的现实问题。宪法委员会的核心职能是违宪审查和解释宪法。建立宪法委员会制度应当处理好宪法委员会与党的领导、全国人大、改革开放三者的关系,确立党内法规不审查、基本法律不审查、特别授权立法不审查的原则。

论“中华民族”的宪法学意涵及其制度支撑

"中华民族"一词入宪,具有极为重要的政治与学理意义。就政治意义而言,"中华民族"入宪,有助于提开中华民族共同体的凝聚力和向心力,有助于最具包容性地扩大爱国统一战线,为维护国家统一提供坚实的宪法基础。就学理意义而言,作为"多元一体格局"的中华民族,在现行宪法中,向上承接着中华人民共和国,向下联系着"全国各民族"乃至于"中国人(民)"。既关系到中华人民共和国作为政治共同体的凝聚,也关系到中华人民共和国的国家治理体系的规范化。因此,"中华民族"入宪,除具有重要的宪法修辞意义之外,更加为宪法学塑造中华人民共和国政治共同体提供了较为便利且恰当的上位概念。对"中华民族"展开分析,既具有丰富的宪法学学理意义,又具有极强的现实实践意义。

法律保留实质是权利保留

自"权利"概念提出以来,权利保留方式就一直是宪政理论和实践所关注的话题之一,它历经了人民自己保留、宪法保留等不同形态。到19世纪末,德国行政法学家奥托.迈耶基于德国宪法基本权利条款缺乏效力和司法审查作用微弱之宪政实践,提出了法律保留,其实质是以行政法所关注的问题及行政法语言重述权利保留。

从制度上保证人民陪审员真正享有刑事裁判权——论人民陪审员制度的完善

为保障人民陪审员真正享有刑事裁判权,就要发挥人民陪审员在价值判断方面的优势,人民陪审员参与审理的案件范围应当限定为需要价值判断的案件,即对定罪量刑存在争议或者可能判处被告人无期徒刑、死刑的案件;人民陪审员的任职资格应当降低,岗前培训应当取消,名额应当增加,工作量应当减少;审判组织应当扩大,审前准备程序应当完善,审判委员会的裁判权应当取消,评议程序应当充实。

从新时期“人民性”讨论到“以人民为中心”的文艺观

新时期文艺观的思想解放,最早就是从反思和批判“阶级斗争工具论”开始的,随着进一步的发展,我们逐步反思了文艺的阶级性,同时对文艺的人民性问题进行了讨论和争论。最终,党中央确定了“文艺为人民服务,为社会主义服务”的方针。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,经过吸收、借鉴,在此基础上确立了“以人民为中心”的文艺观,从而把文艺的人民性问题提到了新时代的新高度,为中国特色社会主义文艺的繁荣发展开辟了道路,为中国文艺的全球化发展指明了方向。“以人民为中心”的文艺观大大丰富和发展了马克思主义文艺理论和中国化马克思主义文艺理论,为文艺为人民服务和建构人类命运共同体的历史使命指明了方向。中国文艺不仅要继续努力推进马克思主义美学和文论中国化,为社会主义中国人民服务,而且要继续努力实现《共产党宣言》的“世界文学”思想,为建构人类命运共同体而造福于世界人民。

中国特色人权理论体系纲要

自习近平主政以来,提出了一系列关于人权理论的新理念、新观点和新思想,形成了中国特色人权理论体系的基本框架,凝结为马克思主义人权理论的最新伟大成果,是人权理论发展史上的重大突破,使人权理论回归到对人本身的研究,重视对人格尊严和幸福生活的保障与发展,特别是强调了发展是人类永恒的主题。中国特色人权理论体系的基本框架,可以概括为:民生人权观、法治人权观、历史人权观、国际人权观、辩证人权观等五个方面。

依宪执政:依法执政之实质

中国共产党执政的内涵是中国共产党执掌全部国家政权,外延不仅包括国家事务,而且涉及社会生活,本质是领导和支持人民当家作主。无论从中国共产党执政的内涵、外延还是本质来看,中国共产党依法执政的实质都是依宪执政。

我国违宪审查机构的模式选择

虽然我国目前建立违宪审查制度的条件还不成熟,但学者仍可探讨"将来"需要时,该机构的设置模式。根据我国国情,这一机构放在最高法院内较为合适,或设一个宪法庭,进行专门审查;或不设宪法庭,由各审判庭做附带性审查,但需辅之以宪法咨询;或就违宪审查案件组成特别陪审庭,陪审员可在学术性的宪法委员会成员以及社团代表或普通民众中产生。

百年中国宪法视野中的人民权利研究

百年中国宪法视野中人民权利的发展和变化,经历了异常曲折的道路:从晚清时代的无名无实,到民国时代的有名无实;从新中国初期的名实比较相符但尚在起步,到社会主义曲折发展过程中的名实不符或名实微弱,再到改革开放以来的名实日趋一致并不断巩固扩大。这些发展和变化,留下了重要的经验和启示。中国人民实现和发展自己权利的道路,必将越走越宽广。

论法律询问答复的效力

法律询问答复效力等级和范围的确立是关乎我国法制统一的重要问题。现行法律对法律询问答复效力的定位较为模糊,可作3种理解:一是与司法解释、行政解释相同;二是高于其他应用解释;三是仅具有指导作用。事实上,法律询问答复已部分替代了全国人大常委会本应做出的宪法和法律解释,但其效力还不具有普遍性和强制性。可创设保守型、稳健型和创新型3种制度模式来确认法律询问答复的效力,以缓解社会转型期全国人大常委会法律解释不足与社会需求之间的矛盾和冲突。