Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant gen...Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant genotype） and 20078 （low light-sensitive genotype）, were used to study the effects of low light （photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 umol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 umol m-2 s-1） on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency （Фi） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point （LCP） decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance （ФPS II） was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation （D） was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy （Ex）. Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher PN, ФPS II and lower QA reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.展开更多
【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供...【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供依据。【方法】以水(W)、丙三醇(G)和二碘甲烷(DM)为检测液,借助接触角测量仪测定其在3种辣椒叶片上的稳定接触角后,分别采用Wu调和平均数法(HM)、Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble法(OWRK)、Van-Oss-Chaudhury-Good法(OCG)以及ZDY法计算叶片的表面自由能及其分量并进行比较,同时对辣椒叶面的溶解度系数进行分析。【结果】水在苏紫1号和GR甜椒叶片上表现出较好的润湿性(θ<90°),而在苏椒13叶片上的润湿性一般(θ>90°)。在估测辣椒叶片表面表观自由能的4种方法中,OCG法采用3种检测液进行分析,较其他方法获得的辣椒叶面特征物理量较多,3种辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量所占百分率(>85%)均高于极性分量(<15%)。采用2种检测液的方法为HM法和OWRK法,当2种检测液均为极性(W-G)时,辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量和极性分量所占百分率变化较大,甚至相反;当2种检测液为极性和非极性组合(W-DM或G-DM)时,以OCG法计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值为基准,OWRK法计算获得的数值比HM法获得的数值偏差要小。采用1种检测液的方法为ZDY法,计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值远高于其他3种方法,比OCG法获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值偏差均>100%。以OCG法为基准,偏差在10%以内,苏紫1号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.72—43.11 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.89—22.77 m J1/2·m-3/2;GR甜椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.53—40.95 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.81—20.09 m J1/2·m-3/2;苏椒13号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为33.21—36.92 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为17.17—18.58 m J1/2·m-3/2。【结论】以水、丙三醇和二碘甲烷为检测液,ZDY法不适用计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能;HM法、OWRK法、OCG法可用来计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能,其中HM法和OWRK法应注重选择检测液组合的极性问题。同时,3种辣椒叶面表面自由能的非极性分量的比率均高于极性分量的比率。展开更多
为了解涝害胁迫下辣椒品种形态和生理变化,在土培条件下采用模拟涝害胁迫方法,研究5个辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)品种在涝害胁迫后的形态特征及胁迫期间和随后恢复过程中的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量变化。...为了解涝害胁迫下辣椒品种形态和生理变化,在土培条件下采用模拟涝害胁迫方法,研究5个辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)品种在涝害胁迫后的形态特征及胁迫期间和随后恢复过程中的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量变化。通过分析形态特征,5个辣椒品种分属4个涝害等级,红丰耐涝性较强,长虹362、剑圣3耐涝性中等,川椒香辣妃不耐涝,新一代中华红极不耐涝。基于品种耐涝性差异进行生理分析结果表明,涝害胁迫下,耐涝性强的红丰除过氧化物酶(POD)活性增幅低于极不耐涝品种新一代中华红,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量增幅整体均高于新一代中华红,叶绿素含量降幅低于新一代中华红。恢复生长期可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性均有不同程度的恢复,整体表现为耐涝性强的品种较耐涝性弱的品种易恢复到对照水平。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program, China (2011BAZ01732-2)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System in China (CARS-25-A-07)
文摘Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant genotype） and 20078 （low light-sensitive genotype）, were used to study the effects of low light （photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 umol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 umol m-2 s-1） on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency （Фi） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point （LCP） decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance （ФPS II） was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation （D） was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy （Ex）. Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher PN, ФPS II and lower QA reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.
文摘【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供依据。【方法】以水(W)、丙三醇(G)和二碘甲烷(DM)为检测液,借助接触角测量仪测定其在3种辣椒叶片上的稳定接触角后,分别采用Wu调和平均数法(HM)、Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble法(OWRK)、Van-Oss-Chaudhury-Good法(OCG)以及ZDY法计算叶片的表面自由能及其分量并进行比较,同时对辣椒叶面的溶解度系数进行分析。【结果】水在苏紫1号和GR甜椒叶片上表现出较好的润湿性(θ<90°),而在苏椒13叶片上的润湿性一般(θ>90°)。在估测辣椒叶片表面表观自由能的4种方法中,OCG法采用3种检测液进行分析,较其他方法获得的辣椒叶面特征物理量较多,3种辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量所占百分率(>85%)均高于极性分量(<15%)。采用2种检测液的方法为HM法和OWRK法,当2种检测液均为极性(W-G)时,辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量和极性分量所占百分率变化较大,甚至相反;当2种检测液为极性和非极性组合(W-DM或G-DM)时,以OCG法计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值为基准,OWRK法计算获得的数值比HM法获得的数值偏差要小。采用1种检测液的方法为ZDY法,计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值远高于其他3种方法,比OCG法获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值偏差均>100%。以OCG法为基准,偏差在10%以内,苏紫1号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.72—43.11 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.89—22.77 m J1/2·m-3/2;GR甜椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.53—40.95 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.81—20.09 m J1/2·m-3/2;苏椒13号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为33.21—36.92 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为17.17—18.58 m J1/2·m-3/2。【结论】以水、丙三醇和二碘甲烷为检测液,ZDY法不适用计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能;HM法、OWRK法、OCG法可用来计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能,其中HM法和OWRK法应注重选择检测液组合的极性问题。同时,3种辣椒叶面表面自由能的非极性分量的比率均高于极性分量的比率。
文摘为了解涝害胁迫下辣椒品种形态和生理变化,在土培条件下采用模拟涝害胁迫方法,研究5个辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)品种在涝害胁迫后的形态特征及胁迫期间和随后恢复过程中的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量变化。通过分析形态特征,5个辣椒品种分属4个涝害等级,红丰耐涝性较强,长虹362、剑圣3耐涝性中等,川椒香辣妃不耐涝,新一代中华红极不耐涝。基于品种耐涝性差异进行生理分析结果表明,涝害胁迫下,耐涝性强的红丰除过氧化物酶(POD)活性增幅低于极不耐涝品种新一代中华红,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量增幅整体均高于新一代中华红,叶绿素含量降幅低于新一代中华红。恢复生长期可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性均有不同程度的恢复,整体表现为耐涝性强的品种较耐涝性弱的品种易恢复到对照水平。
