Diversity of Microflora in Colonic Mucus from Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients Analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Clone Libraries of Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.

Comparing the frequencies of restriction fragment length polymorphisms for dystrophin gene in Chinese with those from Japanese and Caucasian populations^1

The restriction fragment length polymorphisms distribution and frequency of dystrophin gene in Chinese were studied by using 14 subeiones of the entire 14kb eDNA for the dystrophin as hybridization probes. Allelie fragments were detected in hybridization patterns of PvuⅡ/la. TaqⅠ/2b-3, Taq Ⅰ/5b-7. and Xba Ⅰ/10. Among them. the allelic fragments (26kb and 3.8kb) in PvuⅡ/2b-3 pattern and the allelic fragments (10.0kb and 8.4kb) in Taq Ⅰ/5b-7 patterns had never been reported previously. Compared with the data from Caucasians and Japanese. it indicated that here was a significant difference (P <0.01) of the allelic fragment frequency in Taq Ⅰ/2b-3 and Xba Ⅰ/10 patterns between Chinese and Caucasians. The frequencies of allelic fragments A2 (5.6kb) in Taq Ⅰ/8 and A2 (10.7kb) in EcoR V/9 were high in Caucasians, yet had not been detected in Chinese, the differences were also highly significant. But in Chinese and Caucasians. the BIB2 allelic frequencies in Taq Ⅰ/5b-7 are the same. As to the frequency of the allelic fragments A1A2 and B1B2 in Pvu Ⅱ/1a. there was no significant difference between Chinese and Japenese.

Analysis of Rb gene Xba Ⅰ polymorphism in Shaanxi aged atherosclerosis population

Objective:To investigate variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the 17th intron of Rb gene in Shaanxi aged population and the relationship between the polymorphism of Rb gene and atherosclerosis(AS) genetic suscepti- bility. Methods: VNTR polymorphism of the 17th intron of Rb gene were examined in 100 Shaanxi aged AS patients and 100 Shaanxi aged control individuals by PCR-Rb-Xba Ⅰ-RFLP. Results::Two alleles were found both in AS group and control group, which were separately 945 bp(S1) and 630bp + 315bp(S2). S1S2 genotype was the most frequent one in the two populations. Significant difference in allele frequency was not found between AS group and control group, and allele frequency was no significant difference between Chinese and Caucasian. Conclusion: Xba Ⅰ enzyme site of Rb gene could have been certainly stable in AS population, and it was inferred that the polymorphism locus was not liable to cause mutation, which might not implicated in the formation of AS.

The relation between HLA-DQA1 genes and genetic susceptibility to duodenal ulcer in Wuhan Hans

AIM To study the genetic susceptibility of HLA-DQA1 alleles to duodenal ulcer in Wuhan Hans.METHODS Seventy patients with duodenalulcer and fifty healthy controls were examinedfor HLA-DQA1 genotypes.HLA-DQA1 typing wascarried out by digesting the locus specificpolymerase chain reaction amplified productswith alleles specific restriction enzymes(PCR-RFLP),i.e.,Apal Ⅰ,Bsaj Ⅰ,Hph Ⅰ,Fok Ⅰ,Mbo Ⅱ and Mnl Ⅰ.RESULTS The allele frequencies of DQA1 * 0301and DQA1 * 0102 in patients with duodenal ulcerwere significantly higher and lower respectivelythan those in healthy controls(0.40 vs 0.20,P = 0.003,mcorret = 0.024)and(0.05 vs 0.14,P = 0.012,but Pcorret】0.05),respectively.CONCLUSION DQA1 * 0301 is a susceptiblegene for duodenal ulcer in Wuhan Hans,andthere are immunogenetic differences in HLA-DQA1 locus between duodenal ulcer patients andhealthy controls.

The relationship of Imp2 and DR3 genes with susceptibility to type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus in south China Han population

AIN To study the relationship of Imp2 and DR3genes with type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus.NETHODS Imp2 genotypes and DR3 wereidentified in 68 patients with type Ⅰ diabetesmellitus(Ⅰ-DM)and 71 healthy controls.Then,Ⅰ-DM patients and controls were respectivelyallocated into DR3-positive and DR3-negativegroups.The frequencies of Imp2 and DR3 genein random subjects,and Imp2 genotypes in DR3-matched subjects were compared between Ⅰ-DMpatients and controls.At the same time,Ⅰ-DMpatients were divided into 3 groups based on theonset age of diabetics:group A≤14 years,group B 15-30 years and group C≥31 years.RESULTS The frequency of DR3 in Ⅰ-DMpatients was significantly higher than that incontrols(47% vs 21%,P【0.005),and it wassignificantly higher in group A than that in groupB+C(70% vs 36%,x^2=7.07,P【0.01).Therewas a significant difference among groups withdifferent onset age of diabetics(x^2=8.19,rp=0.33,P【0.05).In random subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/R in Ⅰ-DM patients waslower(43% vs 61%,P【0.05)and Imp2.R/Hhigher(53% vs 28%,P【0.05)than that incontrols,and there was no significant differenceamong groups with different onset age ofdiabetics.In DR3-positive subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/R in Ⅰ-DM patients waslower(47% vs 87%,P【0.05)and Imp2-R/H higher(47% vs 13%,P【0.05)than that incontrols.In DR3-negative subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/H in Ⅰ-DM patients washigher than that in controls(58% vs 32%,P【0.01),but the frequency of Imp2-R/R and Imp2H/H was not significantly different betweenthese two groups.CONCLUSION DR3 gene may be one of thesusceptible genes of Ⅰ-DM,and significantlyrelated to the onset age of diabetics,and thepersons with DR3 may have an younger onsetage of diabeteS.The Imp2-R/R may be theprotective genotype of Ⅰ-DM,and Imp2-R/H thesusceptible genotype.These were not affectedby DR3 gene.Imp-2 genotypes were not relatedwith the onset age of diabetics.

Mapping of a New Gene Wbph6(t) Resistant to the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, in Rice

A rice population consisting of 90 TN1/Guiyigu F3 lines was employed to analyze the linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera By using the mapping approach of bulked extremes and recessive class, Wbph6(t) was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 11 with a genetic distance of 21.2 cM to SSLP marker RM167.

The point mutation of p53 gene exon7 in hepatocellular carcinoma from Anhui Province,a non HCC prevalent area in China

AIM：In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)prevalent areas of China,the point mutation of p53 exon7 is highly correlated with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and aflatoxin B intake While in non-HCC_prevalent areas of China,these factors are not so important in the etiology of HCC.Therefore,the point mutation of p53 exon7 may also be different than that in HCC-pervalent areas of China.The aim of this study is to investigate the status and carcinogenic role of the point mutation of p53 gene exon7 in hepatocellular carcinoma from Anhui Province,a non-HCC-prevalent area in China.METHODS:RCR,PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP were applied to analyze the homozygous deletion and point mutation of p53 exon7 in HCC samples from Anhui,which were confimed by DNA sequencing and Genbak comparison.RESULTS:In the 38 samples of hepatocellular carcinoma,no homozygous deletion of p53 exon7 was detected and point mutations of p53 exon7 were found in 4 cases,which were found to be heterozygous mutation of codon 249 with a mutation rate of 10.53%(4/38).The third base mutation(G→T)of p53 codon 249 was found by DNA sequencing and Genbank comparison.CONCLUSION:The incidence of point mutation of p53 codon 249 is lower in hepatocellular carcinoma and the heterozygous mutation of p53 exon7 found in these patients only indicate that they have genetic susceptibility to HCC p53 codon 249 is a hotspot of p53 exon7 point mutation suggesting that the point mutation of p53 exon 7 may not play a majuor role in the carcinogenesis of HCC in Anhui Province,a non-HCC-prevalent area in China.

Is type Ⅰ alpha 2 collagen gene responsible for intracranial aneurysm in Northeast China?

In this study, we investigated whether a single nucleotide polymorphism （rs42524 G 〉 C） in the type I alpha 2 collagen gene was associated with sporadic ruptured intracranial aneurysm or its clinical characteristics in patients from Northeast China. Genotyping of the rs42524 G 〉 C polymorphism was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The data showed that the frequency of the rs42524 GC ＋ CC genotype was significantly higher than the GG genotype among intracranial aneurysm patients whose Hunt and Hess grading scale was 〉 3. In addition, the rs42524 G 〉 C genotype was found to have a statistically significant association with intracranial aneurysm risk. These findings indicate that the type I alpha 2 collagen gene gene may be involved in a predisposition to intracranial aneurysm in the Northeast Chinese population. Crucially, the rs42524 C allele may be an important risk factor for increased severity of the condition in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Preliminary Research on the p53 Gene Rearrangements in the Evolution of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia to Blast Crisis

DNA from 36 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at various clinical stages and 6 cases of acute leukemia was investigated for alterations of the p53 gene by Southern blot analysis.Rearrangements of the p53 gene were seen in 3 of 12 (25.00%) cases of blast crisis and accelerated phase (AP) of CML and in only one of 18 chronic phrase (CP),just as has been reported previously. Meanwhile,by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis the Bgl II site polymorphism in the p53 gene was also found. The frequency in Chinese people detected here was 0.392,which was strikingly higher than that in some other countries(P<0. 001).These results suggested that the alterations of the p53 gene, for example,p53 rearrangements,were probably responsible for the progression of BC in some CML patients, and that the frequency of Bgl II polymorphism in the p53 gene might be related to the population distribution.

西安和郑州地区丙型肝炎患者的HCV基因分型

目的 了解西安和郑州地区丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)感染的基因型 ,比较两地基因型分布的差异 .方法 采用限制性长度多态性分析 (RFL P)法对采自西安地区的 4 6份和郑州地区的 4 0份 HCVRNA阳性标本进行 HCV基因型分型研究 .结果 西安地区 4 6份标本中 ,2 5份 (5 4 .3% )为 1b型病毒 ,17份 (37.0 % )为 2 a型病毒 ,4份 (8.7% )为 1b/ 2 a混合型病毒 ;郑州地区 4 0份标本中 ,19份 (47.5 % )为 1b型 ,13份 (32 .5 % )为 2a型 ,3份 (7.5 % )为 1a型 ,4份 (10 .0 % )为 1b/ 2 a混合型病毒 ,1份 (2 .5 % )为 1a/ 1b混合型病毒 .结论 两地的优势株均为 HCV1b型 ,其次为 2 a型 ,郑州地区有

猪品种间ESR基因PCR-RFLP的初步研究

利用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术 ,检测了不同猪品种的ESR基因PvuⅡ RFLP。结果表明 :品种间基因频率差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。并试分析了PvuⅡ

载脂蛋白C3基因多态性-482C>T与血浆脂质的关系

目的研究载脂蛋白C3基因上游调控区内-482C>T多态性位点与血浆脂质以及载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应—限制片长多态性方法逐个鉴定每个个体的基因型,并测定其血浆脂质和载脂蛋白水平。结果-482T等位基因携带者具有较高的甘油三酯水平(P=0.044);同时该等位基因的携带者也具有较高的载脂蛋白C2水平(P=0.017)。结论载脂蛋白C3基因-482C>T位点和血浆甘油三酯以及其它几种脂蛋白密切相关。

北京1200例汉族人群中长链脂肪酸氧化酶G1528C基因突变筛查

目的 :研究北京地区 12 0 0例汉族人群线粒体脂肪酸氧化代谢中的三功能蛋白酶 (mitochondrialtrifunc tionalprotein ,MTP)α亚单位的长链三羟基酰基辅酶A脱氢酶 (longchain 3 hydroxyacyl CoAdehydrogenase ,LCHAD)G15 2 8C基因的突变频率。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (polymerasechainreaction re strictedfragmentlengthpolymorphism ,PCR RFLP)技术分析 12 0 0例汉族正常产妇脐血MTP的α亚单位G15 2 8C基因突变携带情况。实验以西方人种的G15 2 8C杂合子标本为阳性对照 ,同时设立阴性和空白对照作为实验技术质控标准。结果 :12 0 0例汉族产妇脐血标本G15 2 8C基因经PCR RFLP突变筛查检测后 ,未见有与阳性对照标本相对分子质量相同的条带出现。结论 :中国人群与白种人之间可能存在着种族差异 ,西方人种中常见的MTPα亚单位的G15 2 8C基因突变可能不是中国人种中常见的突变位点。

Bcl-2基因多态性与乳腺癌临床生物学指标的关系

目的：探讨凋亡基因Bcl-2启动子区C（-938）A单核苷酸多态性（snigle nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）与河北省乳腺癌患者临床生物学指标的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP）方法检测113例乳腺癌患者Bcl-2基因C（-938）A SNP的3个基因型（即AA、AC和CC）,并与临床生物学指标相关联,比较各组间基因型频率的分布情况。结果：按腋淋巴结转移个数进行分层分析,AA型和AC＋CC型在无转移、1~3个转移、≥4个转移组中分别占26.8%、47.8%、52.6%和73.2%、52.2%、47.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.337,P=0.042）;与AC＋CC型相比,AA型在≥4个转移组OR值为3.041（95%CI：1.072~8.626）。在组织学分级中,AA型和AC＋CC型在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级中分别占30.9%、57.9%和69.1%、42.1%,两组基因型分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.055,P=0.025）;与AC＋CC型相比,AA型在肿瘤分化Ⅲ级组中OR值为3.082（95%CI：1.122~8.465）。按雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）和C-erbB2蛋白表达水平进行分层分析,发现AA型和AC＋CC型的上述指标分布差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.005,χ2=1.504,χ2=1.163;P〉0.05）。结论：乳腺癌患者Bcl-2基因C（-938）A SNP的AA基因型与其腋淋巴结转移率较高和肿瘤组织分化较差相关。

细胞色素P450酶1A2和2C19基因多态性与难治性抑郁症的关联分析

目的探讨细胞色素P450酶(cytochromeP450enzymes,CYP)1A2、2C19基因多态性与难治性抑郁症的关联。方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增技术及限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)测定79例难治性抑郁症患者及107名正常对照者CYP1A2C163A、CYP2C19G681A基因多态性。结果两组间基因型及等位基因分布差异无显著性(χ2=3.605,P>0.05;χ2=3.154,P>0.05)。难治性抑郁症患者对照组间基因型及等位基因分布差异无显著性(χ2=0.853,P>0.05;χ2=0.568,P>0.05)。79名患者中46名接受氟西汀合并小剂量利培酮(0.5～2.0mg/d)治疗,将其分为治疗有效组和无效组,两组间CYP1A2C163A(χ2=0.785,P>0.05;χ2=7.142,P>0.05)CYP2C19G681A(χ2=3.008,P>0.05;χ2=2.722,P>0.05)基因型及等位基因分布差异均无显著性。根据CYP2C19G681A基因多态性将患者分为无突变组(G/G型)和突变组(G/A型和A/A型),两组患者CYP1A2C163A基因型及等位基因分布差异无显著性(χ2=0.252,P>0.05;χ2=0.682,P>0.05)。结论CYP1A2C163A和CYP2C19G681A基因多态性与难治性抑郁症无显著关联,不是影响利培酮对氟西汀增效作用的主要因素。

中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症患者载脂蛋白CⅢ基因SstⅠ酶切位点多态性的研究

目的 探讨中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症 (HTG)患者血脂及载脂蛋白的改变是否与 apo C 基因 Sst 酶切位点多态性有关。方法 应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)对 176例 HTG患者及 199例正常对照 apo C 基因 Sst 酶切位点的限制性片段长度多态性 (RFL P)进行研究。血脂用酶法 ,血清 apo A 、A 、B10 0、C 、C 及 E用 RID试剂盒测定。结果 HTG患者和正常对照组 apo C 基因均以 S1等位基因为主 ,S2等位基因少见 ,其频率显著高于白种人 (0 .2 89vs0 .0 6～ 0 .16 ,P<0 .0 5 )。正常对照组和 HTG组 S2等位基因频率分别为 0 .2 89和 0 .2 87,两者无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。apo C 基因 S2 S2基因型者血脂、载脂蛋白水平与 S1S1者无显著差异。结论 未发现apo C 基因 Sst 酶切位点的 RFL P与中国人 HTG有关联。

不同C/N值下亚硝酸盐氧化菌和异养菌混合体系的微生物多样性(英文)

采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了不同C/N比下亚硝酸盐氧化菌及异养菌混合体系的微生物多样性,并探讨了微生物菌群结构与其功能(硝化性能)的关系.C/N=0时,混合体系主要由自养菌和寡营养菌(85.1%)组成,包括亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)、拟杆菌门、α-变形菌纲、浮霉菌门和绿色非硫细菌中的一些菌株.C/N=0.44时,混合体系中的自养菌减少,异养菌(主要是γ-变形菌纲的成员)大量出现.C/N=8.82时,γ-变形菌纲的菌株尤其是反硝化菌Pseudomonassp.占主导(93.8%).与此同时,随着C/N升高,该混合体系的硝化性能也由专一的亚硝酸盐氧化过程转变为同时硝化反硝化过程.微生物菌群结构的转变较好地解释了其硝化性能的改变.本研究揭示了微生物菌群结构与其功能的内在联系,同时表明PCR-RFLP技术与化学分析相结合是研究微生物菌群结构与功能的有力工具.

心肌梗死患者基质金属蛋白酶9基因C1562T多态性

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶9基因C1562T多态性与中国汉族人群心肌梗死易感性的关系。方法以78例经冠状动脉造影确诊的心肌梗死患者为研究对象,以同期冠状动脉造影阴性、排除冠心病诊断的81例患者为对照组,取外周血标本提取DNA,用聚合酶链反应方法扩增目的基因,用限制性内切酶酶切聚合酶链反应产物用于基因分型。比较两组间基质金属蛋白酶9基因多态性频率分布的差异。结果本研究中未发现基质金属蛋白酶9的TT基因型突变。心肌梗死患者基质金属蛋白酶9基因CT基因型频率(26.9%)高于对照组(9.9%),两组差别有统计学意义(χ2=7.743,P=0.005),心肌梗死组1562T等位基因频率(13.5%)高于对照组(4.9%),两组差别也有统计学意义(χ2=6.966,P=0.008)。结论基质金属蛋白酶9基因C1562T多态性与中国汉族人群心肌梗死有关,1562T等位基因可能是心肌梗死遗传易感性的基因标记之一。

C-反应蛋白及其-717A／G多态性与心房颤动的相关性

目的:研究江苏南通地区人群高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度及其-717A/G多态性与心房颤动的相关性。方法:通过对92例心房颤动患者和60例非房颤对照者的性别、年龄、体质量指数等一般临床资料的比较,分析房颤与其危险因素的关系。应用免疫比浊法测hs-CRP,PCR-RFLP法检测CRP-717A/G基因型。结果:房颤患者CRP浓度与左房内径(LAD)呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.01),房颤组CRP浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01),非阵发性房颤患者hs-CRP浓度高于阵发性房颤患者(P<0.05)。2组间A/A与G/A+G/G基因型分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但G等位基因在房颤组中表现为低频率(P<0.05)。结论:hs-CRP浓度与房颤及房颤亚型相关,hs-CRP浓度与LAD呈正相关,炎症有可能通过结构重构来影响房颤的发生,CRP-717A/G多态性与房颤的关系尚需更大规模的前瞻性研究。

胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原C基因多态性及其诊断意义的探讨

采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析法，检测在胃癌高发区庄河检出的１９例胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因多态性，发现三种常见片段及一种稀有片段。对其中４例携带稀有片段的受检者进行了胃镜追踪观察，２．５年后发现１例早期胃癌。本文对此作了初步探讨。