Diophantine equations and Fermat's last theorem for multivariate(skew-)polynomials

Fermat’s Last Theorem is a famous theorem in number theory which is difficult to prove.However,it is known that the version of polynomials with one variable of Fermat’s Last Theorem over C can be proved very concisely.The aim of this paper is to study the similar problems about Fermat’s Last Theorem for multivariate(skew)-polynomials with any characteristic.

Performance-based seismic assessment of skewed bridges with and without considering soil-foundation interaction effects for various site classes

The seismic behavior of skewed bridges has not been well studied compared to straight bridges. Skewed bridges have shown extensive damage, especially due to deck rotation, shear keys failure, abutment unseating and column- bent drift. This research, therefore, aims to study the behavior of skewed and straight highway overpass bridges both with and without taking into account the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction （SSI） due to near-fault ground motions. Due to several sources of uncertainty associated with the ground motions, soil and structure, a probabilistic approach is needed. Thus, a probabilistic methodology similar to the one developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center （PEER） has been utilized to assess the probability of damage due to various levels of shaking using appropriate intensity measures with minimum dispersions. The probabilistic analyses were performed for various bridge configurations and site conditions, including sand ranging from loose to dense and clay ranging from soft to stiff, in order to evaluate the effects. The results proved a considerable susceptibility of skewed bridges to deck rotation and shear keys displacement. It was also found that SSI had a decreasing effect on the damage probability for various demands compared to the fixed-base model without including SSI. However, deck rotation for all types of the soil and also abutment unseating for very loose sand and soft clay showed an increase in damage probability compared to the fixed-base model. The damage probability for various demands has also been found to decrease with an increase of soil strength for both sandy and clayey sites. With respect to the variations in the skew angle, an increase in skew angle has had an increasing effect on the amplitude of the seismic response for various demands. Deck rotation has been very sensitive to the increase in the skew angle; therefore, as the skew angle increased, the deck rotation responded accordingly. Furthermore, abutment unseating showed an increasing trend due to an increase in skew angle for both fixed-base and SSI models.

Improving MapReduce Performance by Balancing Skewed Loads

MapReduce has emerged as a popular computing model used in datacenters to process large amount of datasets.In the map phase,hash partitioning is employed to distribute data that sharing the same key across data center-scale cluster nodes.However,we observe that this approach can lead to uneven data distribution,which can result in skewed loads among reduce tasks,thus hamper performance of MapReduce systems.Moreover,worker nodes in MapReduce systems may differ in computing capability due to(1) multiple generations of hardware in non-virtualized data centers,or(2) co-location of virtual machines in virtualized data centers.The heterogeneity among cluster nodes exacerbates the negative effects of uneven data distribution.To improve MapReduce performance in heterogeneous clusters,we propose a novel load balancing approach in the reduce phase.This approach consists of two components:(1) performance prediction for reducers that run on heterogeneous nodes based on support vector machines models,and(2) heterogeneity-aware partitioning(HAP),which balances skewed data for reduce tasks.We implement this approach as a plug-in in current MapReduce system.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach distributes work evenly among reduce tasks,and improves MapReduce performance with little overhead.

Skewness of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific based on assimilated data

The skewness of subsurface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific Ocean shows a significant asymmetry between the east and west. A positive temperature skewness appears in the equatorial eastern Pacific, while the temperature skewness in the western and central Pacific is primarily negative. There is also an asymmetry of the temperature skewness above and below the climatological mean therrnocline in the central and western Pacific. A positive skewness appears below the thermocline, but the skewness is negative above the thermocline. The distinctive vertical asymmetry of the temperature skewness is argued to be attributed to the asymmetric temperature response to upward and downward thermocline displacement in the presence of the observed upper-ocean vertical thermal structure. Because of positive （negative） second derivative of temperature with respect to depth below （above） the thermocline, an upward and a downward shift of the thermocline with equal displacement would lead to a negative temperature skewness above the thermocline but a positive skewness below the thermocline. In the far eastern equatorial Pacific, the thermocline is close to the base of the mixed layer, the shape of the upper-ocean vertical temperature profile cannot be kept. Positive skewness appears in both below the thermocline and above the thermocline in the far eastern basin. Over the central and eastern Pacific, the anomalies of the subsurface waters tend to entrain into the surface mixed layer （by climatological mean upwelling） and then affect the SST. Hence, the positive （negative） subsurface skewness in the far eastern （central） Pacific may favor positive （negative） SST skewness, which is consistent with the observational fact that more La Nina （EI Nino） occur in the central （eastern） Pacific. The present result implies a possible new paradigm for EI Nino and La Nina amplitude asymmetry in the eastern Pacific.

Numerical assessment on improving multistage centrifugal impeller performance by changing inlet skew angle at impeller inlet

Multistage centrifugal impellers with four different skew angles were investigated by using computational fluid dynamics.The purpose of this work is to investigate the influences of lean angle at the blade tip of the impeller inlet.Four variations of lean angles,that is,8°,10°,15° and 20°,were made at first stage impeller.Reynolds Average Navier Stokes equation was used in simulation together with a shear?stress transport(SST) k-w turbulence model and mixing-plane approach,respectively.Three dimensional fluid flows were simplified using periodic model to reduce the computational cost and time required.A good performance was expected that the secondary flow can be effectively reduced in the flow passage of the impeller without excessive increase in manufacturing cost caused by the secondary flow.The results show that secondary flow affects the main flow intricately to form vortices or having non-uniform velocity in the flow passage,which in turn results in substantial fluid energy loss not only in the impeller but also in the guide vane downstream of impeller.The numerical solutions were performed and allowed the optimum design and operating conditions to be obtained.

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Skew in Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors Using Finite Element and Statistical Method

The permanent magnet skew is one of the techniques mostly used on the Permanent Magnet Linear Syn-chronous Motors (PMLSMs) to reduce the thrust ripple;even though there is a reduction in the amplitude of ripple and at the same time a significantly decrease of the motor’s thrust. This article proposes a combined technique between the Finite Elements Method (FEM) and statistical regression, to obtain an objective function that will allow the achievement of the optimal Permanent Magnet (PM) skew angle, so that there is a greater reduction of ripple with the minimum thrust diminishment.

The p.q.-Baer Property of Skew Group Rings under Finite Group Action

In this paper, Let R is a ring, G be a finite group of ring automorphisms of R. R*G denote the skew group ring of R under G. We investigate the right p.q.-Baer property of skew group rings under finite group action, Assume that R is a semiprime ring with a finite group G of X-outer ring automorphisms of R, then 1) R*G is p.q.-Baer if and only if R is G-p.q.-Baer;2) if R is p.q.-Baer, then R*G is p.q.-Baer.

有限精度下Skew Tent映射的抗退化研究

混沌是指确定性动力学系统在初值变化细微的情况下,经过足够多的迭代后表现出来的不可预测性、类随机性的非周期性运动。随着混沌系统在通信工程、密码学、图像加密等方向的应用,有限精度下混沌系统动力学性能退化的问题就随之出现。提高混沌系统有限精度下的动力学性能有多种方法,其中,直接提升应用环境计算精度的代价太大、实际操作性不强。文中从提高混沌系统的抗退化性能方向入手,提出一种利用Lorenz系统对Skew Tent进行参数、输出扰动,从而提高Skew Tent系统的抗退化性能的方法,同时也克服了Skew Tent系统会进入不动点的情况。随后通过对改进后的系统进行初值敏感性、回归映射、自相关性、近似熵测试以及对量化后混沌序列进行NIST测试,结果表明使用该方案改进后的Skew Tent系统具有良好的混沌性,在通信工程、混沌密码算法设计、图像加密等方面有良好的应用前景。

The Some Properties of Skew Polynomial Rings

This paper mainly studies some properties of skew polynomial ring related to Morita invariance, Armendariz and (quasi)-Baer. First, we show that skew polynomial ring has no Morita invariance by the counterexample. Then we prove a necessary condition that skew polynomial ring constitutes Armendariz ring. We lastly investigate that condition of skew polynomial ring is a (quasi)-Baer ring, and verify that the conditions is necessary, but not sufficient by example and counterexample.

COUPLED FIXED POINTS OF SKEW INCREASINGOPERATORS AND APPLICATIONS

In this paper, the skew-increasing operators and their coupled fixed points are defined. It is proved that the existence of coupled fixed points and fixed point theorem for skew-increasing operators, and the iterative formula are given.

Radon CLF:A Novel Approach for Skew Detection Using Radon Transform

In the digital world,a wide range of handwritten and printed documents should be converted to digital format using a variety of tools,including mobile phones and scanners.Unfortunately,this is not an optimal procedure,and the entire document image might be degraded.Imperfect conversion effects due to noise,motion blur,and skew distortion can lead to significant impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of document image segmentation and analysis in Optical Character Recognition(OCR)systems.In Document Image Analysis Systems(DIAS),skew estimation of images is a crucial step.In this paper,a novel,fast,and reliable skew detection algorithm based on the Radon Transform and Curve Length Fitness Function(CLF),so-called Radon CLF,was proposed.The Radon CLF model aims to take advantage of the properties of Radon spaces.The Radon CLF explores the dominating angle more effectively for a 1D signal than it does for a 2D input image due to an innovative fitness function formulation for a projected signal of the Radon space.Several significant performance indicators,including Mean Square Error(MSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Structural Similarity Measure(SSIM),Accuracy,and run-time,were taken into consideration when assessing the performance of our model.In addition,a new dataset named DSI5000 was constructed to assess the accuracy of the CLF model.Both two-dimensional image signal and the Radon space have been used in our simulations to compare the noise effect.Obtained results show that the proposed method is more effective than other approaches already in use,with an accuracy of roughly 99.87%and a run-time of 0.048(s).The introduced model is far more accurate and timeefficient than current approaches in detecting image skew.

Optimizing Designed Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes with Variable Skew Angle

Large torque can be output by the single gimbal control momentum gyroscope (SGCMG) based on the principle of the gyroscopic precession. However, the singularity is a major obstacle to successfully implement the task of the attitude control. The singularity can be avoided by the additional variable flywheel speed of variable speed control moment gyroscopes (VSCMG). Unfortunately, some kind of singularity cannot be effectively avoided. Consequently, the output toque can be only supported by the reaction torque of the flywheel when the singularity is encountered, and the consume power that is determined by the flywheel speed and reaction torque can be greatly increased when the flywheel spin rate over one thousand revolutions per minute. In this paper, the pyramid configuration with variable skew angle of the VSCMG is considered. A new steering law for the VSCMG with variable skew angle is proposed. The singularity that cannot be avoided by the varying flywheel speed can be effectively avoided with assisting of varying the skew angle. Consequently, the requirement of flywheel torque can be reduced. At last, the optimizing VSCMG with variable skew angle can be cast as a multi-objective function with multi-constraints. The particle swarm optimization method is used to solve the optimizing problem. In summary, the VSCMG with variable skew angle can be redesigned with considering of the singularity avoidance and minimizing system power.

面向负载均衡的动态均衡分区策略

针对MapReduce计算框架处理倾斜数据集时造成Reduce端出现负载不均衡现象,提出一种动态均衡分区策略。在mapper阶段提出基于分治法的数据切分原则处理任务传入的数据组;结合最佳适应算法思想设计动态分配原则逐步将切分后的数据块均衡分配到预分区链表中;根据分区索引分配到各Reduce节点上实现负载均衡。实验结果显示,动态均衡分区策略与两个基准模型相比任务执行时长平均降低了7.7%,表明动态均衡分区策略更好地解决了数据倾斜问题,降低了任务执行时间,验证了模型的有效性。

*-诣零McCoy环

研究了具有对合映射*-诣零McCoy环的性质,给出了一批*-诣零McCoy环例子,并讨论了其扩张和*-斜多项式环的*-诣零McCoy性,证明了(1)设*-环R满足nil(R[x])=nil(R)[x],则环R是*-诣零McCoy环当且仅当环R[x]是*-诣零McCoy环;(2)设R[x;*]是*-斜多项式环,如果R是*-可逆环,则R[x;*]是*-诣零McCoy环。

河道斜交桥梁壅水及流场特性分析

圆端桥墩是平原河道内一种常见的桥墩型式,为探究斜交圆端桥墩不同布置方式引起的壅水特性和水流流态变化,建立三维数值模型,采用SIMPLE算法耦合k-ε紊流模型求解N-S方程组,应用VOF法追踪自由液面,分析了单个桥墩壅水特性、绕流流场和升阻力系数随斜交角度变化的规律。研究结果表明:下游墩前壅水高度最大,壅水长度最长,上游墩前冲高值最大;水流绕流经过上游桥墩后偏向下游桥墩侧,桥墩垂直桥轴线布置方式绕流形成的壅水叠加效应更明显;斜交桥梁布置采取圆端桥墩时,桥墩顺水流布置,可有效减小阻水宽度与壅水高度,弱化流场结构变化。

一例Xq22.3q27.3缺失患者的遗传学分析

目的:对1例无相关特异表型的Turner综合征患者进行遗传学分析,为临床医生识别女性X染色体偏倚失活提供参考。方法:采集1例原发不孕3年的女性及其丈夫和父母的外周静脉血,行染色体核型分析、女方染色体拷贝数变异(CNVs)检测,并进行遗传学分析。结果:原发不孕患者外周血染色体核型为46,X,del(X)(q22.3),其父母及丈夫染色体核型结果均正常。患者CNVs结果提示X染色体q22.3-q27.3缺失40.62Mb,为致病性改变。患者缺失的X染色体失活偏倚比例为98:2,为X染色体极度失活偏倚。结论:临床医生应考虑到女性患者存在X染色体偏倚失活的可能,尽早发现染色体异常患者,以避免生育风险及出生缺陷的发生。

全框支厚板转换斜交高层结构抗震性能研究

设计制作1∶15全框支厚板转换高层结构的微粒混凝土振动台试验模型,进行7度小震、中震、大震以及8度大震作用下单向、双向、三向共计44组工况的振动台试验,研究动力特性、动力放大系数、层间位移角等性能指标,揭示结构塑性损伤发展机制,进一步采用数值模型研究上部塔楼斜交角度对结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明,全框支厚板转换高层结构具有优良的抗震性能,模型结构经历8度大震后,全框支层未见明显裂缝,处于轻微损坏与完好之间,塔楼剪力墙底部和连梁端部裂缝发生明显,薄弱部位集中在3~10层;模型结构动力放大系数沿高度呈“S”形分布模式,在塔楼顶部放大明显,而全框支层的动力放大系数在不同烈度地震作用下始终处于1~2之间;塔楼斜交角度对此类结构体系动力特性和动力响应的影响很小,全框支层均能对上部不同斜交角度的塔楼起到充分的约束作用,上部塔楼承担绝大部分地震输入能量,全框支层的动力放大系数和动力响应均远低于上部塔楼,全框支厚板转换斜交高层结构体系能够实现“强全框支层弱塔楼”设计理念。

对称约束的类间方差阈值方法

为了提高现有最大类间方差法(OTSU)的阈值化精度和适应性,提出了一种对称约束的类间方差阈值方法。该方法首先对输入图像使用Prewitt算子构建梯度幅值图像,并根据对称性原则提取对称采样区;然后,基于构建的对称约束类间方差目标函数最大化准则选取阈值,并判断在此阈值下对称采样区是否满足对称条件;当无法满足对称条件时,基于对称采样区对输入图像进行对称修正处理,并应用对称约束的类间方差目标函数对修正后的对称采样区选取阈值;最后,使用最终选取的阈值对输入图像阈值化。在28幅合成图像和70幅真实世界图像集上比较了提出的方法与OTSU法及4种OTSU的改进方法的阈值化性能。实验结果表明,提出方法的误分类率在合成图像和真实世界图像上分别为0.0106和0.016,相较于阈值化精度第2的方法在误分类方面分别降低了91.4%和86.1%。提出的方法虽然在计算效率方面不占有优势,但它对不同模态的测试图像具有更稳健的阈值化适应性和更高的阈值化精度。

大规格薄壁镁合金无缝管二辊斜轧穿孔的数值模拟

目前,采用三辊斜轧穿孔的大规格薄壁镁合金管容易出现尾三角。因此,本文提出采用二辊锥辊穿制坯料直径为110 mm的大规格AZ31镁合金薄壁无缝管的方法。分析了二辊和三辊斜轧穿孔的原理,根据镁合金材料的特点,制定了相应的变形工艺参数,并采用Deform-3D有限元软件对整个过程进行了数值模拟。分析了等效应变、轧制速度、等效应力等结果。模拟结果表明,管形均匀,尾部截面圆整。

几何参数对轮缘推进器水动力性能影响的研究

轮缘推进器是近年来发展起来的一种无轴组合式特种推进器。与传统推进器相比,轮缘推进器在水动力设计和性能分析方面存在诸多挑战,水动力性能的研究对轮缘推力器的设计和应用具有重要意义。为了研究几何参数对轮缘推力器水动力性能的影响,本文以7叶轮缘驱动推力器为基本模型,基于面元法原理,利用编译的面元法代码对轮缘推力器在开阔水域的工作状态进行了数值模拟。通过求解每个面元的速度场,计算了水动力性能和叶片表面压力分布。此外,本文选择了几个典型的几何特征,如螺距比和叶片数,通过进行变参数分析,比较了不同几何参数下轮缘推力器的敞水性能。结果表明:本文的相关研究对轮缘推力器的设计和开发具有参考价值。