Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with li...Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases,with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample(26.7 ng/mL),followed by blood(10.7 ng/mL)and urine(5.02 ng/mL).Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients compared to non-HCC patients,with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples.Besides,significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age,gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function biomarkers levels.For example,PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females;Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI,while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)concentrations are negatively correlated with age.In addition,multiple regression models adjusted for age,gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS),perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid(PFHpS)and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid(PFHxPA)conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(p<0.05).Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and p...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time.The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10^(6) ng/g, and <MDL(method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10^(3) ng/g,respectively.Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products,implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps.By tracking a company’s polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10^(6) to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued.High concentrations of HFPO-TrA(2.7 × 10^(5) to 8.2 × 10^(5) ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are ...Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications,and thus coexist with MPs.Therefore,we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed,and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding,π-πinteraction,cation-πinteractions,and micelle formation are proposed.Moreover,the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed.Based on four typical aquatic organisms(shellfish,Daphnia,algae,and fish),the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized.Finally,challenges and research perspectives are proposed,and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity,especially on PFAS substitutes,are recommended for further investigation.This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.展开更多
The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its...The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area(3.1 cm^(2)). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area(27 cm^(2)) and as a result lower method quantification limits(0.15 –0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher(by > 10 factors) sampling rate(100 m L/day) compared to the standard DGT(piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling(500m L). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PF...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PFAS levels inWWTPs influent,while no temporal data have been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and temporal trend of PFAS in the influent of two large WWTPs in Australia(WWTP A and B)over a four-year period.Daily influent samples were collected over one week at different seasons from 2014 to 2017.Eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAA)(i.e.seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)and four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSA))were detected with mean S11PFAA concentrations of 57±3.3e94±17 ng/L at WWTP A,and 31±6.1e142±73 ng/L at WWTP B.The highest mean concentrations were observed for perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(20±2 ng/L)in WWTP A,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)(17±13 ng/L)in WWTP B.The precursor 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate was detected over five sampling periods from Aug 2016 to Oct 2017,with mean concentrations of 37±18e138±51 ng/L for WWTP A and 8.8±4.5e29±5.1 ng/L for WWTP B.Higher concentration of 6:2 FTS(1.8e11 folds)than those of PFOA and PFOS in WWTP A indicate a likely substitution of C8 PFAA by fluorotelomer-based PFAS in this catchment.Temporal trends(annual and seasonal)in per-capita mass load were observed for some PFAA,increasing for PFPeA,PFHxA,PFHpA,PFNA,and PFHxS,while decreasing for PFBS and PFOS in either WWTPs.Notably,elevated levels of PFOS in October 2017 were observed at both WWTPs with the highest per capita mass load of up to 67 mg/day/inhabitant.For some PFAS release trends,longer sampling periods would be required to achieve acceptable statistical power.展开更多
本文旨在对生命早期全氟/多氟烷基化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)暴露与婴幼儿不良健康结局的人群流行病学研究进行综述。在PubMed、Embase和中文电子数据库中进行检索,广泛阅读、归纳和总结近5年发表的...本文旨在对生命早期全氟/多氟烷基化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)暴露与婴幼儿不良健康结局的人群流行病学研究进行综述。在PubMed、Embase和中文电子数据库中进行检索,广泛阅读、归纳和总结近5年发表的相关队列研究文献。近5年的研究重点关注于生命早期PFASs暴露对婴幼儿生长发育指标、激素水平、神经心理功能发育、免疫调节、端粒长度及肝毒性等的影响,并发现了生命早期PFASs暴露与以上不良健康结局的关联。虽然针对特定健康结果的研究数量有限,但有证据表明生命早期暴露于全氟/多氟烷基化合物可能会影响新生儿/婴幼儿出生后身长、体质指数、甲状腺激素水平、免疫调节和神经心理功能发育等。这些发现或可为生产含有PFASs产品的风险评估和决策提供见解。展开更多
为探究典型岩溶区PFASs(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,全氟化合物)分布特征及生态环境与健康风险,采用超高相液相色谱串联质谱对都安县地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs进行分析测试.结果表明:①PFPeA(Perfluoropentanoic acid,全...为探究典型岩溶区PFASs(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,全氟化合物)分布特征及生态环境与健康风险,采用超高相液相色谱串联质谱对都安县地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs进行分析测试.结果表明:①PFPeA(Perfluoropentanoic acid,全氟戊酸)是该地区检出率最高的PFASs污染物,检出率为100%,ρ(PFPeA)检出范围为0.067~1.021 ng L.ρ(PFASs)平均检出情况满足污染源(2.592 ng L)>地表水(0.737 ng L)>地下水(0.340 ng L),污染物检出种类的平均值满足污染源(7.1个)>地表水(4.4个)>地下水(2.9个).②研究区内仅有G2、S9、S13、P3采样点ρ(PFASs)可能受点源类污染源的影响较大,整个研究区PFASs分布特征及质量浓度受大气沉降影响较小.地表水及地下水ρ(PFASs)较高的采样点基本集中在人类活动聚集区;由于岩溶作用影响,东南部地下水中ρ(PFASs)相对较低.③地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs的来源均可以分为两类,一类是以PFOS(perfluorooctane sulfonate,全氟辛烷磺酸)为主产物的五金电镀、消防、采矿、电子等行业,另一类可能主要与农业活动相关,来源于农用塑料品及其降解产物.④在利用当前已有参数进行评价时,都安县水环境中ρ(PFOA)(perfluorooctane acid,全氟辛酸)和ρ(PFOS)尚未达到对生态环境和人体健康具有风险的水平.研究显示,西南岩溶区水环境中ρ(PFOA)和ρ(PFOS)尚未达到对环境及人体健康具有风险的水平,但鉴于岩溶区特殊的水文地质条件,仍需加强产氟工矿企业的控制.展开更多
随着全氟和多氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的持久性有机污染物名录,各国对于该类物质的关注逐步升高。该类物质在环境中的广泛检出,使得其环境行为研究不断扩展和加深。目前...随着全氟和多氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的持久性有机污染物名录,各国对于该类物质的关注逐步升高。该类物质在环境中的广泛检出,使得其环境行为研究不断扩展和加深。目前,针对不同类型PFASs的样品前处理方式与检测方法也在不断发展中,而从中选择最合适的前处理和分析方法是开展PFASs环境科学、管理和污染控制研究的前提。该文针对传统PFASs及其异构体、PFASs前体物和新型PFASs等的样品前处理方法、色谱-质谱分析方法进行归纳总结,认识其现状和问题,并在此基础上对其发展进行了展望。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177408)Guangdong(China)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06N258)。
文摘Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases,with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample(26.7 ng/mL),followed by blood(10.7 ng/mL)and urine(5.02 ng/mL).Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients compared to non-HCC patients,with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples.Besides,significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age,gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function biomarkers levels.For example,PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females;Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI,while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)concentrations are negatively correlated with age.In addition,multiple regression models adjusted for age,gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS),perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid(PFHpS)and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid(PFHxPA)conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(p<0.05).Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21625702)。
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time.The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10^(6) ng/g, and <MDL(method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10^(3) ng/g,respectively.Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products,implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps.By tracking a company’s polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10^(6) to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued.High concentrations of HFPO-TrA(2.7 × 10^(5) to 8.2 × 10^(5) ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2106213,41907332,and 42192572)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(BX20190306)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(China)(tsqn201909051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(202141003)the USDA Hatch Program(USA)(MAS 00549).
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications,and thus coexist with MPs.Therefore,we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed,and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding,π-πinteraction,cation-πinteractions,and micelle formation are proposed.Moreover,the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed.Based on four typical aquatic organisms(shellfish,Daphnia,algae,and fish),the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized.Finally,challenges and research perspectives are proposed,and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity,especially on PFAS substitutes,are recommended for further investigation.This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.
基金supported by the Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. COMS2019J08)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project (No. 201904010291)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21806042)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety (No. 2019B030301008)。
文摘The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area(3.1 cm^(2)). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area(27 cm^(2)) and as a result lower method quantification limits(0.15 –0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher(by > 10 factors) sampling rate(100 m L/day) compared to the standard DGT(piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling(500m L). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.
基金The authors would like to thank Sharon Grant,Jake O'Brien,Ben Tscharke and Rachel Mackie for organizing sample collection and providing data.Hue T.Nguyen is also grateful to Christine M.Baduel for LC/MS-MS analytical training.Hue T.Nguyen is supported by an Australian Award Scholarship granted by Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Jochen F.Mueller is funded by a UQ Fellowship.
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PFAS levels inWWTPs influent,while no temporal data have been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and temporal trend of PFAS in the influent of two large WWTPs in Australia(WWTP A and B)over a four-year period.Daily influent samples were collected over one week at different seasons from 2014 to 2017.Eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAA)(i.e.seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)and four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSA))were detected with mean S11PFAA concentrations of 57±3.3e94±17 ng/L at WWTP A,and 31±6.1e142±73 ng/L at WWTP B.The highest mean concentrations were observed for perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(20±2 ng/L)in WWTP A,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)(17±13 ng/L)in WWTP B.The precursor 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate was detected over five sampling periods from Aug 2016 to Oct 2017,with mean concentrations of 37±18e138±51 ng/L for WWTP A and 8.8±4.5e29±5.1 ng/L for WWTP B.Higher concentration of 6:2 FTS(1.8e11 folds)than those of PFOA and PFOS in WWTP A indicate a likely substitution of C8 PFAA by fluorotelomer-based PFAS in this catchment.Temporal trends(annual and seasonal)in per-capita mass load were observed for some PFAA,increasing for PFPeA,PFHxA,PFHpA,PFNA,and PFHxS,while decreasing for PFBS and PFOS in either WWTPs.Notably,elevated levels of PFOS in October 2017 were observed at both WWTPs with the highest per capita mass load of up to 67 mg/day/inhabitant.For some PFAS release trends,longer sampling periods would be required to achieve acceptable statistical power.
文摘本文旨在对生命早期全氟/多氟烷基化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)暴露与婴幼儿不良健康结局的人群流行病学研究进行综述。在PubMed、Embase和中文电子数据库中进行检索,广泛阅读、归纳和总结近5年发表的相关队列研究文献。近5年的研究重点关注于生命早期PFASs暴露对婴幼儿生长发育指标、激素水平、神经心理功能发育、免疫调节、端粒长度及肝毒性等的影响,并发现了生命早期PFASs暴露与以上不良健康结局的关联。虽然针对特定健康结果的研究数量有限,但有证据表明生命早期暴露于全氟/多氟烷基化合物可能会影响新生儿/婴幼儿出生后身长、体质指数、甲状腺激素水平、免疫调节和神经心理功能发育等。这些发现或可为生产含有PFASs产品的风险评估和决策提供见解。
文摘为探究典型岩溶区PFASs(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,全氟化合物)分布特征及生态环境与健康风险,采用超高相液相色谱串联质谱对都安县地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs进行分析测试.结果表明:①PFPeA(Perfluoropentanoic acid,全氟戊酸)是该地区检出率最高的PFASs污染物,检出率为100%,ρ(PFPeA)检出范围为0.067~1.021 ng L.ρ(PFASs)平均检出情况满足污染源(2.592 ng L)>地表水(0.737 ng L)>地下水(0.340 ng L),污染物检出种类的平均值满足污染源(7.1个)>地表水(4.4个)>地下水(2.9个).②研究区内仅有G2、S9、S13、P3采样点ρ(PFASs)可能受点源类污染源的影响较大,整个研究区PFASs分布特征及质量浓度受大气沉降影响较小.地表水及地下水ρ(PFASs)较高的采样点基本集中在人类活动聚集区;由于岩溶作用影响,东南部地下水中ρ(PFASs)相对较低.③地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs的来源均可以分为两类,一类是以PFOS(perfluorooctane sulfonate,全氟辛烷磺酸)为主产物的五金电镀、消防、采矿、电子等行业,另一类可能主要与农业活动相关,来源于农用塑料品及其降解产物.④在利用当前已有参数进行评价时,都安县水环境中ρ(PFOA)(perfluorooctane acid,全氟辛酸)和ρ(PFOS)尚未达到对生态环境和人体健康具有风险的水平.研究显示,西南岩溶区水环境中ρ(PFOA)和ρ(PFOS)尚未达到对环境及人体健康具有风险的水平,但鉴于岩溶区特殊的水文地质条件,仍需加强产氟工矿企业的控制.
文摘随着全氟和多氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的持久性有机污染物名录,各国对于该类物质的关注逐步升高。该类物质在环境中的广泛检出,使得其环境行为研究不断扩展和加深。目前,针对不同类型PFASs的样品前处理方式与检测方法也在不断发展中,而从中选择最合适的前处理和分析方法是开展PFASs环境科学、管理和污染控制研究的前提。该文针对传统PFASs及其异构体、PFASs前体物和新型PFASs等的样品前处理方法、色谱-质谱分析方法进行归纳总结,认识其现状和问题,并在此基础上对其发展进行了展望。
