Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections are a major challenge for low and middle income countries (LMICs) which have limited healthcare resources. Risk factors include the lack of appropriate hospital facilities su...Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections are a major challenge for low and middle income countries (LMICs) which have limited healthcare resources. Risk factors include the lack of appropriate hospital facilities such as isolation units, bed space, and sinks;inadequate waste management, contaminated equipment, inappropriate use of antibiotics and transmission of infection from the hands of healthcare workers and family caretakers due to inadequate hand washing. Nosocomial infections increase the costs of healthcare due to added antimicrobial treatment and prolonged hospitalization. Since the prevalence of nosocomial infections is generally higher in developing countries with limited resources, the socio-economic burden is even more severe in these countries. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the risks of hospital acquired infections and summarizes current recommendations for the development of hospital infrastructure and the institution of protocols to reduce these infections in LMICs such as Bangladesh.展开更多
To anticipate the fluctuations in per capita disposable income among Hubei Province inhabitants for the subsequent biennium,a dataset spanning from 2005 to 2022 was culled.Employed in this study were three distinct ti...To anticipate the fluctuations in per capita disposable income among Hubei Province inhabitants for the subsequent biennium,a dataset spanning from 2005 to 2022 was culled.Employed in this study were three distinct time series prognostication methodologies:Exponential Smoothing(Holt-Winter),Autoregressive Moving Average(ARMA),and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA).These techniques were applied to envision the forthcoming trajectory of per capita disposable income for the province's residents.By computing diverse metrics to assess predictive discrepancies—like the Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)—the effectiveness of the assorted models was gauged,culminating in the selection of the ARIMA model due to its superior performance.Capitalizing on this,approximations for per capita disposable income during 2023 and 2024 were extrapolated.The resultant prognoses project a sustained and noteworthy uptick in per capita disposable income for urban denizens of Hubei Province in the forthcoming biennial span.Ultimately,the findings were translated into actionable policy suggestions and deductions,rendering them highly pertinent for the dissection of Hubei Province's economic evolution.展开更多
文摘Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections are a major challenge for low and middle income countries (LMICs) which have limited healthcare resources. Risk factors include the lack of appropriate hospital facilities such as isolation units, bed space, and sinks;inadequate waste management, contaminated equipment, inappropriate use of antibiotics and transmission of infection from the hands of healthcare workers and family caretakers due to inadequate hand washing. Nosocomial infections increase the costs of healthcare due to added antimicrobial treatment and prolonged hospitalization. Since the prevalence of nosocomial infections is generally higher in developing countries with limited resources, the socio-economic burden is even more severe in these countries. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the risks of hospital acquired infections and summarizes current recommendations for the development of hospital infrastructure and the institution of protocols to reduce these infections in LMICs such as Bangladesh.
文摘To anticipate the fluctuations in per capita disposable income among Hubei Province inhabitants for the subsequent biennium,a dataset spanning from 2005 to 2022 was culled.Employed in this study were three distinct time series prognostication methodologies:Exponential Smoothing(Holt-Winter),Autoregressive Moving Average(ARMA),and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA).These techniques were applied to envision the forthcoming trajectory of per capita disposable income for the province's residents.By computing diverse metrics to assess predictive discrepancies—like the Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)—the effectiveness of the assorted models was gauged,culminating in the selection of the ARIMA model due to its superior performance.Capitalizing on this,approximations for per capita disposable income during 2023 and 2024 were extrapolated.The resultant prognoses project a sustained and noteworthy uptick in per capita disposable income for urban denizens of Hubei Province in the forthcoming biennial span.Ultimately,the findings were translated into actionable policy suggestions and deductions,rendering them highly pertinent for the dissection of Hubei Province's economic evolution.
