LungPoint导航联合吲哚菁绿荧光成像在Ⅰa期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结采样中的应用价值

目的:寻找一种准确定位Ⅰa期非小细胞肺癌患者(NSCLC)前哨淋巴结(SLN)的方法,验证SLN作为淋巴结取样样本的合理性。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,参照入组标准纳入2021年1月至2023年12月在山东省公共卫生临床中心胸外科临床分期为Ⅰa期NSCLC住院患者50例,术前借助LungPoint导航气管镜下肿瘤周围注射示踪剂吲哚菁绿,通过荧光胸腔镜成像完成SLN定位,并对包括SLN在内的区域淋巴结行病理学检查,使用该方法对SLN的识别率、准确率与假阴性率等验证其作为淋巴结取样样本的合理性。结果:50例患者中,41例检测到SLN,识别率为82.0%(41/50),经病理检测发现3例共计9枚SLN有淋巴结转移(阳性),其中1例亦检出非前哨淋巴结(N-SLN)阳性2枚。9例患者未检测到SLN,清扫淋巴结54枚,未发现转移淋巴结,故SLN准确率为100.0%(41/41),假阴性率为0(0/3)。结论:借助LungPoint气管镜在肿瘤周围注射示踪剂吲哚菁绿,通过荧光胸腔镜成像探寻SLN技术具有较高的区域淋巴结转移预测性,有望成为指导Ⅰa期NSCLC系统性淋巴结采样的依据。

Diagnosis based on electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopyguided biopsied peripheral lung lesions in a 10-year-old girl:A case report

BACKGROUND Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy(ENB)is an emerging diagnostic tool that enables practitioners to biopsy peripheral lung tissues that were previously only accessible under computed tomography(CT)guidance.However,few studies have investigated ENB use in children.Here,we report a case of a 10-yearold girl with peripheral lung lesions who complained of a 7-d persistent fever.She was diagnosed with Streptococcus parasanguinis infection based on findings obtained using ENB-guided transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB).CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with constitutional symptoms of cough and fever of 7 days’duration.Chest CT scans detected peripheral lung lesions and no endobronchial lesions.TBLB performed under the guidance of an ENB Lungpro navigation system was safe,well-tolerated,and effective for biopsying peripheral lung lesions.Examination of biopsied samples indicated the patient had a pulmonary Streptococcus parasanguinis infection,which was treated with antibiotics instead of more invasive treatment interventions.The patient’s symptoms resolved after she received a 3-wk course of oral linezolid.Comparisons of pretreatment and post-treatment CT scans revealed absorption of some lung lesions within 7 mo of hospital discharge.CONCLUSION ENB-guided TBLB biopsying of peripheral lung lesions in this child is a safe,well-tolerated,and effective alternative to conventional interventions.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid assessment facilitates precision medicine for lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common and fatal malignant disease worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among tumor-related causes of death.Early diagnosis and precision medicine can significantly improve the survival rate and prognosis of lung cancer patients.At present,the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging due to a lack of effective non-invasive detection methods and biomarkers,and treatment is primarily hindered by drug resistance and high tumor heterogeneity.Liquid biopsy is a method for detecting circulating biomarkers in the blood and other body fluids containing genetic information from primary tumor tissues.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)is a potential liquid biopsy medium that is rich in a variety of bioactive substances and cell components.BALF contains information on the key characteristics of tumors,including the tumor subtype,gene mutation type,and tumor environment,thus BALF may be used as a diagnostic supplement to lung biopsy.In this review,the current research on BALF in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lung cancer is summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different components of BALF,including cells,cell-free DNA,extracellular vesicles,and micro RNA are introduced.In particular,the great potential of extracellular vesicles in precision diagnosis and detection of drug-resistant for lung cancer is highlighted.In addition,the performance of liquid biopsies with different body fluid sources in lung cancer detection are compared to facilitate more selective studies involving BALF,thereby promoting the application of BALF for precision medicine in lung cancer patients in the future.

Systemic air embolism after transthoracic lung biopsy: A case report and review of literature

Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure that is associated with various complications, including pneumothorax, hemoptysis and parenchymal hemorrhage. Systemic air embolism is a very rare (0.07%) but potentially lifethreatening complication. We report a fatal case of air embolism to the cerebral and coronary arteries confirmed by head and chest CT, followed by a review of the literature.

Fatal left atrial air embolism as a complication of percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy:A case report

BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is a common protocol in the context of diagnostic thoracic oncology,but entails a risk of complications including systematic air embolism(SAE).While SAE is often well tolerated,it can be difficult to treat and may result in rapid mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of left atrial SAE in a 71-year-old woman who underwent a CT-guided lung biopsy of a pulmonary nodule in the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe.Shortly following needle extraction,she experienced a mild cough,hemoptysis,rapid-onset unconsciousness,and cardiopulmonary arrest.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was immediately performed,but the patient died 40 min after the procedure.A closer review of collected CT scans revealed the presence of a large volume of air within the left atrium.CONCLUSION Although SAE is generally well tolerated and asymptomatic,interventional radiologists must be aware of the risk of fatal outcomes and establish appropriate emergency management protocols.In this report,the characteristics,mechanisms,and treatment recommendations associated with SAE are discussed in an effort to improve the survival of affected patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy and Complication Rates of Fusion Images Created Using Real-Time Ultrasound with CT for Identification of Peripheral Lung Lesions in Patients Undergoing Biopsy

Background: Fusion image improves lesion detectability and can be an effective tool for percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guide procedure. We describe the clinical benefit of US-guided lung biopsy using fusion image. Purpose: To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and complication rates of US-guided lung biopsy with B-mode alone and those of a fusion image created using real-time US and computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Between September, 2013 and September, 2016, 50 peripheral lung lesions in 50 patients (40 males, 10 females;median, 74 years old) were performed by US-guided percutaneous cutting needle biopsy using the B-mode alone or fusion image. Final diagnoses were based on surgical outcomes or clinical follow-up results for at least 12 months after biopsy. To assess prebiopsy characteristics, all lesions were divided into two groups: group 1 (identification on B-mode) and group 2 (identification on fusion image). Results: Of 50 peripheral lesions, 40 lesions (80%) were detected by means of B-mode alone (group 1), and 10 lesions (20%) were identified by fusion image (group 2). The diagnostic accuracy of group 1 was 90% (36/40 lesions), and the diagnostic accuracy of group 2 was 100% (10/10 lesions). Nodule type and the size of the lesions showed significant group wise differences (p Conclusion: Fusion images created using real-time US and CT may be useful for identification of the minimal size of potential target lung lesions and may be more suitable for improved yields with US-guided lung biopsy.

Computed tomography fluoroscopy guided percutaneous lung biopsy for ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions:A meta-analysis

AIM:To obtain the diagnostic performance of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy(PTNB) under Computed tomography(CT) fluoroscopy guidance for lung ground-glass opacity(GGO).METHODS:We searched for English- and Chineselanguage studies in Pub Med,EMBASE,EBSCO,OVID,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database.Data were calculated with Meta-Disc version 1.4 and Rev Man version 5.2 software.From the pooled data,we calculated sensitivity(Sen),specificity(Spe),positive likelihood ratio(+LR),negative likelihood ratio(-LR),and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR).Summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC) curves were constructed and incidence of complications was recorded.RESULTS:Four documents included in this present meta-analysis met the criteria for analysis.The pooled Sen,Spe,+LR,-LR and DOR with 95%CI were 0.91(0.86-0.95),1.0(0.91-1.0),18.64(4.83-71.93),0.11(0.05-0.26) and 153.17(30.78-762.33),respectively.The area under the SROC curve was 0.98.The incidence of pneumothorax and hemoptysis was 17.86%-51.80% and 10.50%-19.40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:CT fluoroscopy-guided PTNB,which has an acceptable incidence of complications,can be used as a primary examination method for lung GGO,with moderate sensitivity and specificity.

Diagnostic value of diffuse and peripheral lung lesions by transbronchial lung biopsy

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB)via bronchoscope for lung diffuse lesions and peripheral pulmonary lesions.Methods The results of TBLB were retrospectively analyzed from 256 diagnoses of unknown patients with lung diffuse lesions or peripheral lung lesions.Results Eighty-nine final diagnosis cases via TBLB only once,the diagnostic rate of double lung diffuse lesions was the highest,[51.06%(24/47)],local non-nodule lesions,nodule lesions,cavity lesions were 33.33%(23/69),29.91%(35/117),and 28.57%(4/14),respectively.Among 24 diagnostic cases of double lung diffuse lesions,there were 6 cases of pneumonia of pulmonary tuberculosis,9 cases of lung carcinoma,7 cases of adenocarcinoma;6 cases of pneumonia,2 cases of fungous infection,and 1 case of lung hemosiderosis.The diagnostic yield about 58 cases of local lesions was low,among which non-nodule lesions accounted for 33.33% and nodule lesions accounted for 29.91%.In 89 cases of peripheral lung lesions with histological diagnosis,lung carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis were frequent diseases,which accounted for 86.52%.Conclusion TBLB is a reliable,safe,effective and repeatable operation method in diagnosis of lung diffuse lesions and peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Right Hemisphere Cerebral Infarction Due to Air Embolism from Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: A Case Report

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a common procedure in interventional radiology. Systemic arterial air embolism causing cerebral infarction is a rare but much feared complication of percutaneous lung biopsy. We present a comprehensive review of iatrogenic air embolism post-lung biopsy, a complication that is often sub optimally managed. Patho-physiology, clinical features, and risk factors and management are reviewed.

Two methods of lung biopsy for histological confirmation of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia:A case report

BACKGROUND Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia(AFOP)is a rare,noninfective lung disease,histologically characterized by a patchy distribution of intra-alveolar fibrin“balls”and organizing pneumonia.The clinical manifestations of AFOP are nonspecific.Diagnosis depends on pathology.Surgical lung biopsy is optimal for tissue sampling to diagnose AFOP.However,many patients have no tolerance to the operation,including mentally and physically.There is still no standard therapy for AFOP and the methods remain controversial.Therefore,further clinical attention and discussion are warranted.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with fever,cough and dyspnea for 15 d.Antiinfective therapy was ineffective.Chest computed tomography showed bilateral patchy consolidation,especially in the lower lobes.We performed both ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy and ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine needle puncture at different lung lesion locations.Both samples supported the diagnosis of AFOP.The patient had a good clinical course after treatment with methylprednisolone,and no side effects of steroids.CONCLUSION Percutaneous needle biopsy combined with transbronchial lung biopsies may be a good choice in the absence of surgical biopsy.Methylprednisolone alone is effective in the treatment of idiopathic AFOP.

Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases. Looking at the Holy Grail or Another Misleading Diagnostic Approach?

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD’s) are a group of heterogenous chronic, ferociously progressive lung diseases. The aetiology of the aforementioned diseases is not always recognisable. The diagnosis of these dismal diseases is a vivid challenge for the physicians. Through the intervening years different diagnostic algorithms have been implemented towards more accurate outcome. Different types of ILD’s demand diverse diagnostic approaches. In the latest years a novel diagnostic mini invasive approach seems to gain continuously terrain towards the diagnosis of ILD’s. Transbronchial cryobiopsy may be the Holy Grail in the diagnosis of these diseases or a misleading diagnostic tool in this challenging field.

Cerebral air embolism complicating transbronchial lung biopsy: A case report

BACKGROUND In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB).Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously.Every bronchologist should recognize this severe adverse event.Prompt recognition of this complication is mandatory in order to initiate supportive measures and consider hyperbaric oxygen therapy.CASE SUMMARY In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following TBLB.Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously.Our patient had an incidental finding of lung tumour and pulmonary emphysema.Cerebral air embolism developed during bronchoscopy procedure,immediately after the third trans-bronchial lung biopsy sample and caused cerebral ischaemia of the right hemisphere and severe left-sided hemiplegia.Despite timely initiation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy hemiplegia didn´t resolve and the patient died several weeks later.Cerebral air embolism is an extremely rare complication of TBLB.This condition should be considered in case the patient remains unresponsive or presents with acute neurological symptoms in the postintervention period since early recognition,diagnosis and hyperbaric oxygen therapy initiation are key factors determining the patient´s outcome.CONCLUSION Within this report,we conclude that air/gas embolism is an extremely rare complication after TBLB,which should be considered in case the patient remains unresponsive or presents with acute neurological symptoms in the postintervention period after bronchoscopy.The current gold standard for diagnosis is computed tomography scan of the head.After recognition of this complication we suggest immediate hyperbaric oxygen therapy,if available.

Bronchoscopic biopsy for diagnosis of lung cancer in the absence of visible endobronchial abnormalities

Objective Bronchoscopy has been extensively used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and particularly, malignant diseases. However, endoscopists do not normally perform bronchoscopic biopsy in case lesions are undetected via bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performing bronchoscopic biopsy could be established in the diagnosis of lung cancer in case of endobronchial abnormalities undetectable to the naked eye. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 109 cases between January 2008 and December 2012. The inclusion criteria were confirmed lung cancer diagnosis, transbronchial biopsy performed in the absence of visible endobronchial manifestations, brushing, and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) according to the images obtained from high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT). Data regarding age, sex, pathology, tumor stage; the method of diagnosis; location of primary lesion(central, peripheral, or intermediate); tumor size, mediastinal lymph node metastasis, and the serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) value were collected. The Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact and Mc Nemar tests were used in the univariate analysis.Results Among the 109 patients, the diagnosis of 37(33.9%) patients was confirmed through bronchoscopy. Brushing and BAL had higher positive detection rates than biopsy(P = 0.004). There were no differences in the positive detection rates between the sex, pathology, lesion location, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and the serum CEA value(P > 0.05 for all groups).Conclusion Despite the normal appearance of the endobronchial manifestations, lesions undetectable by bronchoscopy could be indicated. Therefore, we suggest performing bronchoscopic biopsy and that brushing and BAL might increase the positive detection rate of bronchoscopic examination.

Analysis of tumor-draining vein secretome: A direct access to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in surgical lung cancer patients

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles(EVs)participate in the metastasis process through different mechanisms,including the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche to grant circulating tumor cells(CTCs)implantation and growth.The study of the metastasis process through the analysis of CTCs and tumor-derived EVs is difficult because of the dilution grade of these elements in peripheral blood.In early-stage lung cancer patients,the tumor-secreted products are even more diluted.An attractive strategy in surgical lung cancer patients is to purify them from a pulmonary tumor-draining vein where they are enriched.The information obtained from the analysis of EVs and CTCs purified from this source could give more accurate information about tumor biology and could be an important source of biomarkers to identify patients at high risk of relapse after curative surgery.

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术并发症发生的影响因素分析

背景与目的 计算机断层扫描引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术(computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy,CT-PLB)是目前临床广泛应用的肺部病变诊断方式,但其为有创检查,最常见的并发症为气胸和肺出血,严重时可危及生命。本研究旨在分析影响CT-PLB不同并发症发生的独立危险因素,以降低并发症发生率。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年12月于我院行CT-PLB且临床资料完整的605例患者的资料。依病变位置分为胸膜下组和非胸膜下组,根据并发症分为气胸组、肺出血组、气胸合并肺出血组及无气胸/肺出血组,计算各并发症的发生率。分析影响不同并发症发生的危险因素及各并发症的独立危险因素。结果气胸发生率为34.1%,肺出血发生率为28.1%,同时发生气胸及肺出血63例,发生率为10.8%。影响胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为病变大小(P=0.002)。影响非胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针走行区域平扫CT值(P=0.035)、穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P=0.003)、穿刺针经过胸壁厚度(P=0.020);影响非胸膜下组肺出血发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P=0.001)、病变大小(P=0.034)及患者体位(P=0.014)。影响气胸、肺出血同时发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P<0.001)。结论 CT-PLB是一种安全、有效的诊断方式,对肺部占位性病变具有较高的诊断价值,选择合适的穿刺方案可减少气胸、肺出血等并发症,提高诊疗效率。

快速现场评价联合支气管内超声引导下经支气管镜肺活检对肺外周恶性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨快速现场评价(ROSE)联合支气管内超声引导下经支气管镜肺活检(EBUS-TBLB)在诊断肺外周恶性肿瘤中的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月在广州医科大学附属第一医院国家呼吸医学中心行EBUS-TBLB检查的肺外周病灶直径≤30 mm的患者190例,根据是否进行ROSE检查,分为ROSE组(50例)和非ROSE组(140例),比较两组的总体诊断率,并分析病灶所在肺叶位置、病灶直径、超声探头在病灶中的位置以及病灶距胸膜的距离等因素对两组患者诊断率的影响。结果:ROSE联合EBUS-TBLB可提高肺外周恶性肿瘤的诊断率(84.00%比60.71%,P=0.003)。在直径21~30 mm的病灶中,ROSE组的诊断率显著高于非ROSE组(85.29%比64.13%,P=0.022)。ROSE可明显提高超声图像显示病变包绕超声探头的肿瘤病灶的诊断率(90.32%比62.34%,P=0.004)。在距离胸膜≤15 mm的病灶中,ROSE组的诊断率明显高于非ROSE组(95.24%比60.76%,P=0.003)。结论:ROSE可显著提高EBUS-TBLB对肺外周恶性肿瘤的诊断率,在直径21~30 mm、超声影像中间型以及距离胸膜≤15mm的病灶中有更明显的优势。

机器人支气管镜在周围型肺结节活检中的临床应用

随着胸部电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)肺癌筛查的普及,周围型肺结节的检出率日益提高。部分患者通过获取活检标本明确诊断并及早治疗。经支气管肺活检是周围型肺结节非手术活检的方式之一,相较于经皮肺穿刺活检创伤小、并发症发生率低。然而,经支气管肺活检的诊断率约为70%,与经皮肺穿刺活检约90%的诊断率相比仍显逊色。2018年以来,机器人辅助支气管镜系统相继应用于临床,本文对其进一步提高周围型肺结节经支气管肺活检的诊断率加以综述。

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者肺穿刺活检是否增加胸膜复发和气腔播散的风险

近年来,随着肺结节的比例升高,术前经皮肺穿刺活检或经支气管镜活检越来越受到重视。大量临床证据也证实,Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的肺穿刺活检是安全可行的。但是,由于肺磨玻璃结节的组织学特点,与实性结节相比穿刺时更容易发生出血或咳嗽,肿瘤细胞在血流或气流冲击下可能会沿着肺泡壁或针道种植,导致胸膜复发和气腔播散(spread through air spaces,STAS),尤其是胸膜下结节合并有脏层胸膜侵犯和淋巴细胞浸润时需要慎重选择。