Parents’ Perceptions and Judgment Formation Process of Their Infants’ Quality of Life

Purpose: We explored parents’ perceptions and judgment formation processes concerning their infants’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Method: The PedsQLTM Infant Scales—an instrument specifically designed for infants aged 1 - 24 months—were translated into Japanese. Forward and backward translations were performed, evaluating the semantic and conceptual equivalencies. Parents with infants younger than two-years-old were recruited and interviewed using think-aloud and probing techniques. Participants completed the questionnaire while speaking aloud about what came to their mind, what they thought each question meant, and how they reached each answer. Results: Seven mothers and three fathers participated. The median age was 33.4 (28 - 43) years. Four had infants younger than six-months-old. All infants were healthy. Parents’ perceptions of their infants’ HRQOL varied across their ages. Some parents with infants younger than six months experienced difficulty discussing “emotional functioning” and “cognitive functioning” because their infants were too young to articulate the actions mentioned in the items. In those cases, the parents responded, “never a problem”. Seventy-five percent of parents recalled their infants’ daily “physical functioning”, while only 58% recalled “physical symptoms”. Some parents’ perceptions and judgment formation were compromised by their own perceptions. For example, they answered “often a problem” when the items were problematic to themselves instead of to their child. However, many distinguished their infants’ HRQOL from their own perceptions, indicating they understood the intention of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Parents’ formed judgement may compromise by their own perceptions. The result of this study will be helpful in improving healthcare communication and interpreting parents’ judgments of their infants’ HRQOL in future studies.

The effect of acculturation in the concordance of oral health related quality of life in Latino children and their parents

The Latino population is the fastest growing and the largest minority group in the United States comprising 16% of the population younger than 18 years of age. Yet, little is known about the effect of acculturation in oral health related quality of life in Latino children and their parents. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of acculturation in parent and child’s perceptions of the child’s oral health status and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as the effect in the concordance between children and parents/caregivers. Method: Sixty-three Latino children between the ages of 8 and 15, and their parents were recruited from the waiting room at the University of California, San Francisco Orthodontic and Pediatric Clinics. Parent and children each separately completed the Child Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (COHIP) for children and COHIP for parent/caregiver. Results: Of the sixty-three children, fifteen children (23.8%) had a more negative perception of their oral health than their parents whereas twenty-three children (36.5%) had a more positive perception. In terms of agreement between children and parents, questions about oral health showed the lowest level of agreement (34.9%) and self-image questions the highest (55.6%). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the more acculturated the child, the more negative their perception of their oral health. The level of disagreement between parent and child, underscores the importance of obtaining both the child and parent OHRQoL perceptions.

Symptoms, Illness Perceptions, Self-Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Introduction: Lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with fatigue, poor mental and poor gastrointestinal health during the first three months after colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Research indicates that maintaining usual activities has a positive impact on HRQoL after treatment for CRC. Illness perceptions have been associated with HRQoL in other cancer diseases, and self-efficacy has been associated with HRQoL in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. Our knowledge about illness perceptions and self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities and HRQoL following CRC treatment is incomplete. Aim: To explore associations between HRQoL, fatigue, mental health, gastrointestinal health, illness perceptions and self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities, three months after surgical CRC treatment. A further aim was to test the Maintain Function Scale in a CRC population. Method: The study was cross-sectional. Forty-six persons participated. Data were collected using questionnaires. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Results: Persons who were more fatigued, depressed, worried, and had more diarrhea were more likely to report lower HRQoL. Increased fatigue and diarrhea were associated with decreased HRQoL. Concerning illness perceptions, persons who reported negative emotions and negative consequences of CRC were more likely to report lower HRQoL. Persons scoring higher on self-efficacy were more likely to report higher HRQoL. Increased self-efficacy was associated with increased HRQoL. The Maintain Function Scale was suitable for assessing self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities. Conclusions: Nursing support to improve self-efficacy and illness perceptions and to minimize symptoms during recovery should have a favorable impact on HRQoL.

Interpersonal Perception in Virtual Groups: Examining Homophily, Identification and Individual Attraction Using Social Relations Model in Network

With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.

Illness Perception in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Patients: How Mental Representations Affect Anxiety, Depression, and Infertility-Related Stress

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease encompasses a group of pregnancy-related disorders that derive from the placenta. Taking Leventhal’s Common Sense Model as a starting point, this study aims to investigate how illness perception could influence patients’ psychological adaptation to these rare diseases. Thirty-seven women completed: the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory Short Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Fertility Problem Inventory. Results show that the perception of severe illness consequences significantly predicts the level of anxiety patients reported at the time of questionnaire completion. Furthermore, mental representations of illness present a significant association with infertility-related stress. Specifically, the belief in the efficacy of the treatment results in fewer feelings of discomfort and isolation from family and social context due to infertility-related problems. Since patients’ illness perception was found to have a specific impact on both anxiety and infertility-related stress, this variable should be considered in the planning of a clinical intervention.

On the Misperceptions between the Peoples of Turkey and China

Nations’misperception causes misinterpretations of reciprocal demands,actions;the other side’s expectations,inadequacies and priorities;and may form biases.But scholars,especially those studying international relations,generally attach utmost importance to the bilateral relations of politics,economy,culture and military.Foreign policy analysts and makers often disregard the impact of public opinion.This article tries to analyze the impact of the perceptions between Turkish and Chinese peoples to the relations of both countries.In case of this the main question of this presentation is whether the public’s attitude became a major hinder and heavily influenced the decision-makers or not on the basis of Turkish-Chinese relations.Diplomatic relations between Turkey and China in political and economic field have improved significantly in recent years.But the degree of favorability to people to people exchange is extremely low because of the influential factors,which are mostly stemmed from the issue of‘Eastern Turkistan’,the thoughts of the past,the trade imbalance and the media’s negative and adverse approach to the issues.In order to solve the low favorability problem,both sides not only should depend on exchange and dialogue institutionally,but also rely on social and cultural interactions informally to enhance the mutual understanding accordingly.

Factors Affecting Disease Risk Perception and Self-Management Behaviors among Japanese Long-Term Overseas Volunteers

Introduction: Many overseas volunteers have worked in low and middle-income countries. However traveling abroad and staying in an unfamiliar environment with inadequate medical infrastructure exposes volunteers to a wide range of health risks. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships among disease knowledge and symptoms, disease risk perception, and self-management skills. Methods: This was a questionnaire survey of 189 Japanese who were preparing to volunteer abroad. A factor analysis was conducted on 13 items (six general risk events and seven major diseases) of risk perception. Correlation analysis was performed between the identified risk perception factors and disease knowledge and symptoms. Risk perception scores by factors from the seven disease items were compared between the Self-management Score (SMS) group and disease knowledge and risk of symptoms group, using T-tests. St. Luke’s International University Ethics Committee (19-A092) approved this study. Results: Many participants expected to suffer from digestive diseases (69.3%) and dermatitis (55%) in the field. On the other hand, few expected high risk of malaria (26.5%) or dengue fever (36%). Factor analysis yielded robust factor loadings creating a “Dread” and an “Unknown” factor accounting for 62.2% of total variance. Strong correlation was not found between SMS and disease risk perception. A weak negative correlation was observed in dengue fever, digestive disorders, and dermatitis (r = −0.20 to −0.25, p < 0.001) on the “Unknown” factor. A high SMS score was associated with a lower “Unknown” factor score for malaria, diarrhea, dermatitis, and dental disorders. In addition, higher disease knowledge was significantly associated with higher “Dread” factor score for dental disorders. Conclusions: Self-management skills and disease knowledge will enable higher risk awareness of common diseases and high lethality diseases.

ERP在家用纺织品视觉感知研究中的探索与应用

事件相关电位(ERP)在“新文科”实验教学中的应用日益广泛。鉴于传统调研工具的局限性,探索性地将ERP技术应用于家用纺织品视觉感知研究中。选取不同明度、色调和图案的床上用品作为试验材料,通过脑电数据重点分析N100、P200和N200成分对视觉特征的响应。结果显示,高明度床品产生更大N100振幅,受试者更倾向于高明度、无图案床品。ERP技术可用于分析纺织品视觉感知中的审美偏好,为纺织品设计和“新文科”背景下应用型文科生的培养提供了新的途径。

投桃报李:临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的影响机制

多元雇佣触发的员工内部关系矛盾问题日趋复杂,如何促进多元雇佣聚力发展,已成为零工经济情境下理论和实践领域着力探讨的核心议题。文章基于社会交换理论,引入关系认同和感知义务作为中介变量,将任务相依性作为边界条件,构建临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的双路径机理模型,旨在分析临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的作用效果及潜在机制。通过对三阶段收集的237份纵向数据分析表明:关系认同和感知义务在临时员工助人行为与正式员工隐性知识分享之间起中介作用;任务相依性会强化临时员工助人行为对关系认同和感知义务的影响效应,并且任务相依性能够调节关系认同和感知义务的中介路径,即任务相依性程度越强,临时员工通过关系认同和感知义务对正式员工隐性知识分享的正向影响越强。

多重关系感知的红外与可见光图像融合网络

为充分整合红外与可见光图像间的一致特征和互补特征,该文提出一种基于多重关系感知的红外与可见光图像融合方法。该方法首先利用双分支编码器提取源图像特征,然后将提取的源图像特征输入设计的基于多重关系感知的跨模态融合策略,最后利用解码器重建融合特征生成最终的融合图像。该融合策略通过构建特征间关系感知和权重间关系感知,利用不同模态间的共享关系、差分关系和累积关系的相互作用,实现源图像一致特征和互补特征的充分整合,以得到融合特征。为约束网络训练以保留源图像的固有特征,设计了一种基于小波变换的损失函数,以辅助融合过程对源图像低频分量和高频分量的保留。实验结果表明,与目前基于深度学习的图像融合方法相比,该文方法能够充分整合源图像的一致特征和互补特征,能够有效保留可见光图像的背景信息和红外图像的热目标,整体融合效果优于对比方法。

我国医务人员对医患关系感知变化及影响因素分析

目的了解我国医务人员对医患关系感知的现状及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情前后变化趋势,分析其影响因素。方法基于2018年和2023年的医务人员从业状况调研项目,运用描述性统计,单因素分析和二元Logistic回归方法分析医务人员对医患关系感知情况及影响因素。结果2018年、2023年分别回收有效问卷11771份(回收率90.4%)、8386份(回收率91.1%)。2023年,58.5%的医务人员称我国医患关系紧张或较紧张,相较2018年降低22%,差异有统计学意义(Z=34.885,P<0.001)。年龄、医院类型、科室、日均工作时间、遭受言语辱骂次数、医院文化建设水平及媒体舆论导向显著影响医务人员对医患关系的感知(P<0.05)。结论后疫情时代医疗服务模式及医疗执业环境变化助推医患关系向好;应差异性关注和维护不同特征医务人员对医患关系感知水平;应重视加强医院文化建设,提升患者就医体验。

俄乌冲突背景下俄罗斯对“一带一路”政策的调整

2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来,俄罗斯将对华合作议题放在内政外交的重要位置,具体表现为俄罗斯积极推进与中国的能源和基础设施合作,解除对中吉乌铁路项目的限制,放宽中国参与北极开发的“准入许可”,并加快推进“一带一盟”对接进程。本轮俄罗斯对“一带一路”倡议的政策调整受国际和国内两个维度的因素影响。在国际层面,俄与中美两国在经济、军事和科技领域的差距逐步扩大、与西方全面对抗、对中亚国家的影响力衰退和中俄关系全面发展等因素迫使俄罗斯加大参与“一带一路”倡议的力度。在国内层面,政界与非政界精英基于俄罗斯面对的国际局势,趋向于形成对“一带一路”倡议的正面认知。两个层面因素共同推动俄罗斯对“一带一路”政策的积极转向,这有利于俄罗斯部分缓解其与西方对抗的压力,推动中国“一带一路”倡议的发展,优化中俄在中亚地区的互动模式。短期来看,俄罗斯本轮政策调整的方向不会改变。长期来看,不能排除俄罗斯调整对“一带一路”政策的应急目的和暂时性特点,鉴于俄乌冲突后的局势尚有不确定性,俄罗斯对“一带一路”倡议的政策仍有回调的可能。

DRG支付方式改革下医务人员体验感知调查研究

目的对疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)支付方式改革下医务人员体验感知进行调查,为推动医保改革提供参考。方法通过问卷调查重庆市23家DRG试点医院医务人员体验感知情况,并进行DRG支付改革激发医务人员积极性的单因素分析和多元线性回归分析,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计处理。结果“医院医保管理”得分最高,为(4.27±0.77)分;“DRG支付改革”得分最低,为(3.51±1.05)分;影响DRG支付方式改革激发医务人员积极性的单因素分别为性别、年龄、医院等级、科室、职务、岗位、学历、职称、工作年限(P<0.05),其中学历、年龄、岗位、医院等级是关键影响因素;DRG付费下医生采取的正向行为主要为规范医疗行为(74.88%)、推行临床路径(72.76%)、优化诊疗和服务流程(65.56%)等,负向行为主要为挑选权重值高的患者(62.60%)、推诿可能超支的患者(60.69%)、分解住院(45.59%)等。结论DRG支付方式改革下医务人员体验总体感知处于中等偏上水平。应关注患者安全与创新技术发展的平衡性,及时调整医务人员绩效分配与激励机制,以及DRG核心分组方案和医保支付标准,减少医务人员负向应对行为。

基于“调气解毒”思想论治癌因性疲乏

癌因性疲乏是一种典型的身心共患疾病,患者常伴随生理、情感、认知方面的主观疲劳感,严重影响生命质量。本文结合癌因性疲乏发生发展过程中的病程特点,从宗气虚衰、气机壅遏、癌聚毒损3个分期维度,分析癌因性疲乏发生发展的病机演变规律。在调气解毒的治疗总原则下,提出培本补虚调平衡、解郁散结稳气机、攻邪解毒消癌肿之法,构建癌因性疲乏发生发展及康复阶段身心同调的中医药治疗策略框架。

基于“涉华报告”的英国情报机构对华“威胁”认知研究

[研究目的]近年来,英国情报机构不断对外散布中国“威胁”认知,对此问题的探析,有助于更好应对国际挑战。[研究方法]以英国发布涉华报告为起点,在总结、归纳其情报体系三级架构基础上,借用社会学框构视角,剖析英国情报机构塑造对华“威胁”认知中使用的“聚焦”“桥接”“转换”等手法。[研究结论]通过研究发现,英国情报机构对华“威胁”认知的塑造,是其利用情报泛安全化迎合美国、借助情报意识形态化制造对立、主动设计情报以服务政治需要等综合作用的结果。对此,在重视对英美等西方情报界动向的基础上,既要加强情报的研判、预警能力建设,更要加强情报斗争能力和话语权建设,以铸牢国家安全底线。

“知域”视角下印尼对中国式现代化的认知反馈

现代化是世界各国尤其是发展中国家追求的共同目标。中国式现代化理论体系的建构与中国式现代化取得的卓著成就,引起了同为人口大国和发展中国家却深陷“现代化悖论”的印尼的广泛关注。在“知域”的视角下,知识的流动和影响不仅受地理因素影响,还与文化、历史和社会背景密切相关。印尼与西方国家对中国式现代化的评价存在明显的差异。印尼可被视为一个独特的知识接收和处理中心,其对中国式现代化的认知是多重知识流动和交互的结果。印尼政府与学界普遍认可中国式现代化的经济与社会成就,然而,部分精英与学者对中国式现代化的政治外交成就存在偏见,公众普遍对中国式现代化认知程度较低。印尼民众对中国式现代化的认知偏差缘于多重因素:媒体的选择性报道左右了信息获取渠道,文化和宗教差异构成了社会疑虑的内在源泉,而教育系统和历史因素则是形成偏见的深层原因。展望普拉博沃执政时期,中印尼共建中印尼命运共同体和共同现代化进程将不断深入,两国关系将迈入新阶段。这不仅有利于各自发展,也为构建人类命运共同体贡献可供借鉴的示范效应。

退而不休与我国空巢老人的照料感知

党的二十大报告明确指出要“优化孤寡老人服务”“在‘老有所养’上持续用力”。缓解空巢老人的照料困境及鼓励适龄老人的劳动再参与是破解我国人口养老困境的重要议题。研究基于Harmonized CHARLS的追踪数据,借助空巢老人退休与否、退而不休的时长、退而不休的主观意愿来步步拆解空巢老人的劳动再参与行为,并深入探讨退而不休的多维特征对空巢老人照料感知的影响。结果发现:第一,与正常退休相比,空巢老人的退而不休能够正向增强他们的照料感知;第二,无论是间接型还是持续型退而不休都能够正向增强照料感知;第三,仅仅退而不休且拥有主动型劳动意愿才能正向增强照料感知,而被动型的退而不休对于照料感知却具有负向抑制作用;第四,上述增强效应存在代际关系的选择性,即只存在于同子女情感及经济联系紧密的空巢家庭中。上述发现可为优化我国的退休政策及缓解空巢老人的照料困境提供证据为本的价值参考,亦是新时代人口学研究针对二十大报告中所提及的“不断实现人民对美好生活的向往”“让更多老年人拥有幸福晚年”目标所做出有价值的响应。

基于多层次语义感知的中文关系抽取研究

关系抽取是构建知识图谱的基础,而中文关系抽取也是关系抽取中的难点问题,现有的中文关系抽取大多采用基于字符特征或者词特征的方法,但是前者无法捕获字符上下文的信息而后者受制于分词质量,导致中文关系抽取的性能较低。针对该问题,提出了基于多层次语义感知的中文关系抽取模型,该模型利用实体间丰富的语义信息来提高实体对关系预测的性能。多层次语义感知体现在以下三个方面:首先,利用ERNIE预训练语言模型将文本信息转化为动态词向量;然后,利用注意力机制增强实体所在句子的语义表示,同时通过外部知识尽可能地消除实体词的中文歧义;最后,将包含多层语义感知的句子表示放入到分类中进行预测。实验结果表明,所提模型在中文关系抽取的性能上优于已有模型,且更具解释性。

边界争端、威胁认知与印越在南海的战略互动态势

面对实力强于自身的国家,选择与他国合作以制衡强国,是行为体的潜在反应之一。在边界争端形势较为严峻的背景下,印度和越南不断强化在南海战略互动和合作,加剧了南海争端的复杂态势。在影响印越南海战略合作的诸多因素中,边界争端和威胁认知是关键变量。边界争端框定两国南海合作政策变化的整体方向,威胁认知左右两国行动意愿强度。当中印和中越边界争端形势均较为严峻时,支撑印越南海靠近的条件较为充分,两国在该区域的战略互动就极易发生;当任意一国和中国边界争端局势有所缓和时,支撑两国南海频繁互动的条件会相应弱化,其在南海的战略合作强度就会有所减弱。通过对中越“中建南事件”和中印“洞朗事件”进行案例比较以及个案内的过程追踪分析,该论点得到了验证。尽管边界争端和共同对华威胁感知是驱使印越强化南海互动的动力源之一,但两国战略重点的不同和高度异质的威胁感知,会增强两国南海战略互动过程的复杂性及效果的不确定性。

结直肠癌术后病人自我管理效能、压力知觉和癌因性疲乏的相关性研究

目的:调查结直肠癌术后病人癌因性疲乏程度现状,分析疾病自我管理效能、压力知觉与癌因性疲乏的关系,探讨癌因性疲乏水平的影响因素。方法:应用便利抽样法,选择结直肠癌术后病人63例为研究对象。收集病人一般资料及疾病相关资料,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、厌食/恶液质量表-12(A/CS-12)、自我管理效能感量表(SUPPH)、压力知觉量表(PSS)和癌因性疲乏量表(CFS)进行问卷调查。结果:结直肠癌术后病人癌因性疲乏得分为(31.30±10.13)分,轻度、中度和重度疲乏病人分别占比为26.98%、44.44%和28.57%。不同年龄、居住状态、主要照护者、病程时间、步行步数、睡眠质量、是否新辅助放化疗、有无肠造口、消化道症状、疼痛及有无癌性厌食的病人癌因性疲乏得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01);SUPPH各维度得分与CFS总分呈负相关关系,CPSS各维度得分与CFS总分呈正相关关系(r=0.295~0.574,P<0.01)。年龄、睡眠质量、既往新辅助放化疗、癌性厌食、SUPPH和CPSS是癌因性疲乏水平的主要影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01),共解释总变异的的78.20%。结论:结直肠癌术后病人以中度癌因性疲乏为主,疾病自我管理效能、压力知觉与癌因性疲乏有一定相关性。临床护理人员应实施科学性干预措施,提升病人的疾病自我管理效能,降低压力知觉水平,从而缓解癌因性疲乏程度。