Evaluation of Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in Patients with Pyogenic Spondylitis of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Background: Basic principle for the treatment of pyogenic spondylitis (PS) is conservative care, but surgical intervention is often required when conservative treatment may fail. We have experienced many conservative cases of various complications due to long-term bed rest and poor pain control. Recently we have adopted percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation for the treatment of PS as a minimally invasive spine stabilization (MISt) fusion to reduce such morbidity of the conservative care. Objective: To evaluate the impact of PPS fixation in patients with PS. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of the medical records. Subjects, Methods: We reviewed 54 consecutive patients who underwent treatment in our hospital for PS during 2005-2018 and observed for more than 12 months. Of those we excluded cases showing effectiveness to initial treatment (it was defined fever relief or C-reactive protein (CRP) inversion in 3 weeks of antibiotics) so that this study is a retrospective study in cases showing initial treatment resistance. Finally, this study included 29 cases. Medical records of these 29 cases were reviewed for baseline, organism isolated and its detection rate, the clinical outcome in 12 months (Discharge, Transfer, Death), the period from the first visit to our hospital to fever relief, CRP inversion, ambulation, and Discharge or Transfer. Results: These cases were divided into two groups, the conservative group (C-group): 17 cases, and the PPS group (P-group): 12 cases. There is no statistically significant difference in fever relief (p = 0.051) and CRP inversion (p = 0.208). The period to ambulation and discharge or transfer was significantly shorter in group P (p = 0.020, p = 0.031). 1-Year survival rate was 92% in the P-group, and 71% in the C-group. There is no statistically significant difference (p = 0.354) between the two groups. The rate of Discharge to home and care facility is 58% in P-group, and 47% in C-group. And the rate of Transfer is 34% in P-group, and 35% in C-group. Conclusion: PPS fixation was effective to achieve shortening the period to ambulation and discharge or transfer. But it was not effective in infection control. This suggests that PPS fixation should be aggressively administered to patients who can expect pain relief and early ambulation by PPS fixation in the patient of PS showing resistance to initial treatment.

Percutaneous Mesh Expansion and Fixation at the Retro-Rectus Plane without Stabs by Using Redirecting Suture Hook in Midline Hernias Repair

Background: Mesh expansion and fixation at retro-rectus plane through multiples stabs produces good results. But these stabs cause cosmetic disorders for the patients and doctors. So, we find some modification to do this procedure without these stabbing wounds in midline hernial repair. Patients and methods: This technique was used to fix the mesh at retro-rectus plane in 50 patients suffering from midline hernias, from January 2008 through January 2010 at Zagazig university Hospital, Egypt. Laparotomy incision was done over the hernial sac or at old incision;the contents were then released and reduced into peritoneal cavity without much subcutaneous dissection. The suitable sheet of polypropylene mesh to cover the hernial defect and any weak area was prepared and fixed at retro-rectus plane percutaneously without stabbing wounds by using redirecting suture hook. The mean period of follow up was 26 months. Results: There was no recurrence during the period of follow up. Five patients developed subcutaneous bluish discoloration at the site of some stitches, which disappear within two weeks with conservative treatment. Conclusion: Percutaneous mesh expansion and fixation at retro-rectus plane by using redirecting suture hook procedure has good results in recurrence rate and cosmetic appearance.

Algorhythm for Use of Percutaneous Short Fixation of Fractures Involving the Thoracolumbar Junction and Lumbar Spine

Study Design: Original article. Objective: Guidelines for deciding whether to perform open or percutaneous surgery in burst fractures. Summary of Background Data: The authors propose an algorithm for deciding whether to perform open surgery or percutaneous surgery with short fixation in patients with fractures of the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine. Methods: Between July 2005 and July 2009, 72 patients underwent surgical stabilization by posterior route for fractures of the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine. In 44 the lesion involved the thoracolumbar junction, in 28 the lumbar spine (L2 in6 cases, L3 in15 cases, L5 in7 cases). The fractures were assessed morphologically according to Magerl’s classification (52 type A, 12 type B, 8 type C). All patients were analyzed according to the algorithm proposed, according to which patients must fulfil certain criteria: the fracture must be Magerl type A.3, it must involve one level, McCormack score must be 6 or less, invasion of the spinal canal must be 25% or less according to Hashimoto’s formula, Magnetic Resonance Imating (MRI) must confirm discoligamentous integrity. Neurologically, the patient must be ASIA E. 25 patients (17 thoracolumbar junction, 8 lumbar spine) fulfilled these criteria and were treated by percutaneous short fixation. Results: The average length of the surgical procedure was 80 minutes and the loss of blood 10 cc. All patients were dismissed without brace and were submitted to follow-upComputed Tomography CTscan 3 and 6 months after surgery. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years. In all cases CT scan confirmed fusion and there were no cases of rupture of the device. None of the patients presented neurological deficits. Conclusion: The algorithm described permits a proper selection of patients with thoracolumbar fractures who can be treated by percutaneous short fixation, thus avoiding the risks connected with failure of the stabilization system.

Percutaneous fixation of neonatal humeral physeal fracture: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures are rare and difficult to diagnose.Thus,missed diagnoses and delayed healing are possible.Few studies have reported surgical treatment,because a callus may develop at the fracture site 5 d after the fracture,resulting in difficult reduction,and reduction of the limb may cause further physeal injury.Other surgical challenges include the provision of adequate anesthesia and complexity of the operation.However,without appropriate reduction and fixation,a varus elbow deformity may develop.Manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation are ideal treatment options.CASE SUMMARY A 4-day-old neonate with left elbow pain accompanied by limited movement for 4 d was admitted,and diagnosed with delayed physeal fracture of the distal humerus based on physical examination,ultrasonography,and magnetic resonance imaging.The patient was treated by manual reduction combined with percutaneous pin fixation under arthrography.Postoperatively,the reduction was successful.The upper limbs could have been lifted and the fingers could have been moved freely on the second day after the operation.CONCLUSION The techniques of manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation,to treat neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures,are safe and reliable.

Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in Injury Vertebrate and Curving Rob Indirect Decompression for Type A3 Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture with Neurological Deficits

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in injury vertebrate and curving rob indirect decompression for type A3 thoracolumbar burst fracture with neurological deficits.Method:A retrospective study was made in 26 patients with type A3 thoracolumbar burst fracture with neurological deficits from August 2014 to July 2018 treated within 3 days after injury,which were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in injury vertebrate and curving rob indirect decompression.The radiological indexs、clinical effectiveness indexs、perioperative index and complication incidence were recorded and compared to observe the clinical result.Result:All patients were followed up from 6 to 23 months.There were no nerve injury and other severe complications,which 1.1 grade of neurological recovery was observed at the final follow-up.The average operation time was(102.31±16.87)minutes,with a mean intraoperative blood loss of(87.88±13.05)ml and hospital stays were(15.53±13.00)d.Local anesthesia was 5 patients and general anesthesia were 21 patients.Before the operation,the anterior height of fracture vertebral body(98.31±13.07)%、kyphotic angle(2.76±3.70)°、the Sagittal Cobb angle(1.35±6.78)were improved to(50.19±12.32)%、(21.98±5.58)°、(16.30±8.69)°respectively after the operation(P<0.05).The anterior height of fractured vertebral body and kyphotic angle in final follow-up were worse than the post-operative,but no significant difference was found between two stages(P>0.05).The Sagittal Cobb angle in final follow-up was better than those in post-operative(P<0.05).The VAS scores had statistical improvement(P<0.05).Conclusion Posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in injury vertebrate and curving rob indirect decompression in treating the type A3 thoracolumbar burst fracture with neurological deficits was a minimally invasive,safe and effective surgical procedure to intraspinal interference and direct decompression.

Clinical significance of Baumann's angle in the percutaneous pinning fixation for supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children

To evaluate the clinical significance of Baumann’s angle in the closed reduction and percutaneous pinning fixation for supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.Methods There were 97 children (male 59,female 38,mean age of 6.8 years) with displaced supracondylar fracrtures of the humerus were treated in this hospital.Under fluoroscopy guidance,three-dimensional displacement of fractures was corrected by closed reduction.The percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning was applied only if the radiographs demonstrated that Baumann’s angle was less than 4 degree compared to that on the normal side.All of them were followed up for 34.5 months (range,12 to 48 months).Results There was one case with ulnar nerve palsy associated with the pinning.There were no Volkmann’s contracture in this group.X-ray examinations revealed an average 73.7 degrees of Baumann angle on the injured and 72.8 on uninjured side.An average 7.6 degrees of the carrying angle on the injured and 9.7 on uninjured side were also demonstrated by radiography.Five patients developed slight cubitus varus deformity.The result according to Flynn criteria were excellent in 85 patients (87.6%),good in 12 patients (12.4%).Conclusion The satisfactory results can be gained in children with displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus by restoration of the normal Baumann angle and percutaneous pinning fixation.18 refs,2 figs.

Percutaneous reduction combined with bone graft in treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures

Objective: To introduce the experience and key points of percutaneous reduction combined with bone graft to treat calcaneal fractures. Methods: Percutaneous reduction and internal fixation combined with bone graft was performed from April 2004 to April 2006 on 15 cases (16 sides) with intra-articular calcaneal fractures including 13 males (14 feet) and 2 females (2 feet) ,with average age of 36. 6 years (24–61 years). All patients underwent radiography including lateral and axial views for calcaneus, oblique view for foot and three-dimensional CT imaging reconstruction. According to Sanders classification, there were 12 feet of type Ⅱ (3 type Ⅱ a, 3 type Ⅱ b and 8 type Ⅱc) and 2 feet of type IIIac. The length of calcaneus was recovered through traction by Steinmann pin which passed through calcaneal tubercle perpendicularly and the posterior facet was elevated until reduction by a curve scissors through an 0.5 cm incision along the primary fracture line of lateral calcaneus. The calcaneus was fixed with different cannulated cancellous screws according to the type of fractures. Then bone graft was injected to fill the defect of calcaneus through lateral incision. Results: All patients were followed up for an average of 18.4 months (ranged, 12 to 34 months). No complication such as wound infection, screw breakage and calcaneum varus was found postoperatively. The average time for bone healing was 10 weeks. The results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 4 cases according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score. The rate of excellent and good clinical results was 100%. The mean AOFAS hindfoot score in tongue type group (86.5±4.4) was better than in joint depression type group (81.2±1.7, P<0.05). Radiography showed basic restoration of B?hler’s angle, Gissane’s angle and calcaneal shape. Conclusion: The combination of percutaneous reduction and injectable bone graft is suitable for surgical treatment of Sanders II and III type calcaneal fractures, with advantages of simple operation, fewer complications and good clinical results.

Percutaneous management of atrium and lung perforation: A case report

BACKGROUND Cardiac perforation by a transvenous lead is an uncommon but serious complication. Delayed perforation, defined as migration and perforation of an implanted lead at least 1 mo after implantation, is exceedingly rare and prone to underdiagnosis, and its optimal management is currently unclear. We report an uneventful transvenous extraction of an active fixation lead that led to delayed perforation of the right atrium, pericardium, and lung, disclosed 2 mo after implantation.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman with atrial lead perforation was transferred to our center.She had a dual-chamber pacemaker with active fixation leads implanted 8 mo previously. At 2 mo after implantation, she complained of chest pain and hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography revealed atrial lead migration into the lung. No pericardial or pleural effusion was detected. She underwent transvenous lead extraction in the electrophysiology room with surgical backup.The percutaneous subxiphoid pericardial puncture was performed first, and a pigtail catheter was left in the pericardial sac throughout the procedure. Then, a new active fixation lead was implanted at a different site with less tension. After the active screw was retracted, the culprit atrial lead was explanted successfully with simple traction. There were no complications during or after the procedure.The patient recovered well and follow-up was uneventful.CONCLUSION Percutaneous management of perforated active fixation lead outside the pericardial sac under surgical backup is safe and effective.

肘关节造影闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折

目的探讨肘关节造影闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折的疗效。方法采用肘关节造影闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗24例肱骨外髁骨折患儿。记录骨折愈合情况、并发症发生情况、肘关节恢复情况,末次随访时采用Flynn肘关节评分标准评价疗效。结果患儿均获得随访,时间18~24个月。骨折均愈合,时间8~16周。术后未发生肘外翻畸形、肱骨外髁缺血性坏死、骨化性肌炎、缺血性肌挛缩以及神经症状等并发症。末次随访时,4例患儿肘关节功能未完全恢复正常,但不影响生活,Flynn肘关节评分等级均为良;20例肘关节功能均恢复至健侧水平,Flynn肘关节评分等级均为优。结论采用肘关节造影闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折,术中能清楚显示儿童肱骨远端的软骨成分,有助于判断骨折的移位程度和闭合复位的质量,避免不必要的切开复位及并发症的发生。

微创经皮钢板内固定技术在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折锁定钢板固定术中应用

目的 探讨微创经皮钢板内固定(MIPPO)技术在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折锁定钢板固定术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性选取2020年6月—2022年6月130例锁骨中段粉碎性骨折的临床资料,根据手术方法分为观察组和对照组,每组65例。对照组行传统切开复位内固定,观察组行MIPPO技术联合锁定钢板治疗。比较2组围术期指标、并发症、手术优良率及手术前后疼痛应激介质、肩关节功能指标。结果 观察组切口长度、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,术后1 d疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。术后1 d,观察组血清P物质、前列腺素E_(2)低于对照组,β内啡肽高于对照组(P<0.05);术后3、6个月,观察组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及肩关节前屈、后伸、外旋活动度高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,术后6个月手术优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 MIPPO技术联合锁定钢板治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折能显著提高手术优良率,减少术中出血量,促进肩关节功能恢复,抑制疼痛因子释放,缓解术后早期疼痛,还能降低并发症风险。

经皮微创接骨板内固定术治疗四肢骨折的并发症发生率及临床效果分析

目的探究为四肢骨折患者提供经皮微创接骨板内固定术治疗的并发症发生率及临床效果。方法选取2021年5月—2023年5月山东省寿光市人民医院收治的106例四肢骨折患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为两组。对照组(53例)施以切开复位内固定治疗,研究组(53例)施以经皮微创接骨板内固定术治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果研究组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的临床相关指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗前两组骨代谢指标相近,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组的骨钙素、骨保护素水平高于对照组,胶原C端肽水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组的并发症总发生率(5.66%)低于对照组(18.87%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.296,P<0.05)。结论经皮微创接骨板内固定术治疗四肢骨折的效果确切,可缩短术后恢复时间,减少并发症,安全性高。

伴或不伴马尾冗余征腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术的疗效分析

目的:探讨伴或不伴马尾冗余征(redundant nerve roots,RNRs)腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术(oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF)联合后路经皮内固定术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年6月于本院采用斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术治疗的92例腰椎管狭窄症患者,男32例,女60例,年龄44~82(63.67±9.93)岁。根据冗余与否将所有患者分为RNRs阳性组和RNRs阴性组。RNRs阳性组38例,男15例,女23例;年龄45~82(65.45±10.37)岁;病程24.00(12.00,72.00)个月。RNRs阴性组54例,男17例,女37例;年龄44~77(62.42±9.51)岁;病程13.50(9.00,36.00)个月。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症;手术前后影像学参数,包括狭窄节段数、椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、硬膜囊面积;采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行背部和腿部疼痛评价,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估日常生活活动障碍。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8~18(11.04±3.61)个月,随访期未见并发症。RNRs阳性组狭窄节段数(1.71±0.46)个,多于阴性组(1.17±0.38)个(P<0.05)。RNRs阳性组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI分别为(1.11±0.19)cm、(0.46±0.17)cm^(2)、(5.39±1.00)分、(5.05±1.01)分、(55.74±4.05)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(0.97±0.23)cm、(0.69±0.26)cm^(2)、(4.50±0.77)分、(4.00±0.58)分、(47.33±3.43)%。RNRs阳性组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI评分分别为(1.60±0.19)cm、(0.74±0.36)cm^(2)、(3.39±0.72)分、(3.05±1.01)分、(46.74±4.82)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(1.48±0.25)cm、(1.12±0.35)cm^(2)、(3.00±0.82)分、(3.00±0.82)分、(37.67±3.58)%。两组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。两组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但两组手术前后椎间隙高度差值、ODI差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后硬膜囊面积、手术前后硬膜囊面积差值、术后腰痛VAS、手术前后腰痛VAS差值、手术前后腿痛VAS差值等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:OLIF联合后路经皮内固定术对于伴或不伴RNRs的患者均有较好疗效。多节段腰椎管狭窄、硬膜囊面积减小可能会导致RNRs的发生,伴RNRs的LSS患者症状更重。伴RNRs的LSS患者较不伴RNRs的患者手术疗效要差。

经椎旁肌间隙入路与经皮入路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无神经症状胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经椎旁肌间隙入路与经皮入路椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经症状胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法收集2017年2月至2018年10月期间苏州大学附属第一医院收治的59例无神经症状的单节段胸腰椎骨折病人的临床资料,进行回顾性分析,其中男51例,女8例,平均年龄为46.8岁(19~67岁)。均采用椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,24例采用经椎旁肌间隙入路的病人纳入经肌间隙入路组,35例采用经皮入路的病人纳入经皮入路组。比较两组病人的手术相关指标(术中出血量、手术时间、切口总长度、住院总时间、术后下床时间),术前、术后1周及术后6个月的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,术前及术后椎体前缘高度百分比、Cobb角以及螺钉置入精确度。结果病人获得(16.1±4.2)月(12~28个月)随访。经肌间隙入路组的手术时间显著少于经皮入路组[(114.00±48.56)min vs.(153.29±52.46)min],住院总时间显著多于经皮入路组[(12.92±4.97)d vs.(10.40±4.14)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后的VAS评分均较术前显著降低,椎体前缘高度百分比均较术前明显增加,术后Cobb角均较术前明显减小,但两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后经肌间隙入路组的螺钉置入精确度:Ⅰ级128钉,Ⅱ级13钉,Ⅲ级3钉;经皮入路组为:Ⅰ级177钉,Ⅱ级22钉,Ⅲ级1钉,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经椎旁肌间隙入路与经皮入路椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经症状的胸腰椎骨折均具有较好的临床疗效,前者在手术时间更有优势,后者在住院总时间更有优势。

不同入路螺钉内固定治疗HaraguchiⅠ型后踝骨折的疗效分析

目的探究不同入路螺钉内固定治疗三踝骨折中后踝骨折的疗效及并发症分析。方法前瞻性选取2019年5月至2020年10月本院收治的HaraguchiⅠ型后踝骨折患者80例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为A组、B组,每组40例。A组患者采用经皮由前向后螺钉内固定后踝骨折治疗,B组患者采用经皮后外侧入路有限暴露并复位螺钉内固定后踝骨折治疗。比较2组患者的手术指标与术后恢复情况、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分、末次随访踝关节活动度(ROM)评分、术后评估情况、术后并发症发生情况。结果2组患者手术时间、完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但A组患者透视次数多于B组,术中出血量、腓骨切口长度少/短于B组(P<0.05)。2组患者术后6个月、末次随访时的AOFAS评分均较术后3个月升高,且末次随访时的AOFAS评分高于术后6个月,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者术后6个月、末次随访时的AOFAS评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。2组患者末次随访时的踝关节(跖屈、外翻、内翻、背屈)ROM评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者螺钉位置不佳、疼痛程度、行走及下蹲情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者后踝骨折复位质量优于A组(Z=4.248,P<0.05)。2组患者均未发生内固定松动、骨折复位丢失等并发症。结论经皮由前向后螺钉内固定与经皮后外侧入路有限暴露并复位螺钉内固定治疗三踝骨折中后踝骨折均具有较好效果,且安全性高,前者透视次数更多,术中出血量更少,后者改善踝关节功能与骨折复位质量更好。

经皮微创与开放椎弓根钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效分析

目的分析经皮微创椎弓根钉内固定术、开放椎弓根钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法将50例胸腰椎骨折患者随机分为对照组(25例,行经皮微创椎弓根钉内固定术)和观察组(25例,行开放椎弓根钉内固定手术);分析两组患者手术指标、胸腰椎功能恢复、术后并发症及疼痛情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者术中及术后出血量少,手术时间和住院时间少于对照组(均P<0.01);观察组患者治疗后椎体前缘高度及椎间隙平均高度恢复情况与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24 h及术后7 d内疼痛情况低于对照组(P<0.01),术后并发症发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在胸腰椎骨折的临床治疗中,两组患者的临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经皮微创椎弓根内固定术在手术时间、出血量、住院时间及术后疼痛方面表现良好,临床价值高,建议在条件允许的情况下优先采取该手术方法治疗。

复合加压系统固定对股骨颈骨折的疗效及对关节功能和成骨指标的影响

目的探讨复合加压系统(CCS)固定对股骨颈骨折的疗效及对关节功能和成骨指标的影响。方法回顾性选择2021年1月至2022年12月来攀枝花市中心医院诊治的股骨颈骨折患者80例作为研究对象。按照治疗方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组行闭合复位经皮空心钉内固定治疗,观察组行CCS固定治疗。比较两组围术期指标(术中失血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间),比较两组术前、术后1周、术后1个月的Harris评分,比较两组术前及术后1个月的运动功能[步行能力评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分量表(FMES)评分]、成骨指标[Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽(PINP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP-5b)、骨钙素(BGP)、成纤维细胞因子(FGF)、骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及Ⅰ型胶原羧基端前肽(PICP)]、疼痛介质[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)]水平,并比较两组术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组术中失血量为(35.67±4.13)mL,低于对照组,手术时间、骨折愈合时间分别为(45.10±5.23)min、(3.19±0.41)个月,均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周、术后1个月,两组Harris评分均较术前明显升高,且观察组Harris评分分别为(85.88±9.12)、(92.78±5.12)分,均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,两组步行能力评分均较术前降低,FMES评分均较术前升高,且观察组步行能力评分为(1.45±0.34)分,低于对照组,FMES评分为(25.78±3.56)分,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,两组PINP、BGP、FGF、BAP、PICP水平均较术前明显升高,TRACP-5b较术前降低,且观察组PINP、BGP、FGF、BAP、PICP水平分别为(1054.67±123.14)pg/L、(9.63±1.43)ng/mL、(11.24±1.56)ng/mL、(43.89±5.12)ng/mL、(18.98±2.88)ng/mL,均明显高于对照组,TRACP-5b水平为(0.89±0.14)U/L,低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,两组5-HT、PGE2水平均较术前明显降低,且观察组5-HT、PGE2水平分别为(83.89±15.23)、(84.89±14.34)ng/L,均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组的术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CCS固定可提高股骨颈骨折的疗效,改善患者的关节功能和成骨指标,降低疼痛介质水平,且应用安全,值得临床推广应用。

两种内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效比较

目的比较交锁髓内钉和微创经皮锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效。方法将100例胫骨中下段骨折患者按内固定方式不同分为交锁髓内钉组(采用交锁髓内钉固定治疗,50例)和锁定钢板组(采用微创经皮锁定钢板内固定治疗,50例)。比较两组手术情况、骨折愈合时间、术后部分负重行走时间、术后并发症发生情况、Johner-Wruhs评分、踝关节活动度、AOFAS踝-后足评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~15(12.26±5.63)个月。术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间:交锁髓内钉组均少(短)于锁定钢板组(P<0.01)。骨折愈合时间:交锁髓内钉组短于锁定钢板组(P<0.01)。术后部分负重行走时间:交锁髓内钉组早于锁定钢板组(P<0.01)。术后并发症发生率:交锁髓内钉组低于锁定钢板组(P<0.05)。术后12个月Johner-Wruhs评分优良率、末次随访时踝关节活动度及术后3、12个月AOFAS踝-后足评分:交锁髓内钉组均优于锁定钢板组(P<0.05)。结论与微创经皮锁定钢板内固定相比,交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折更符合力学原理,更利于骨折愈合,患者术后下地行走时间更早,并发症发生率更低,踝关节功能恢复更佳。

单人急诊闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨单人急诊闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法采用单人急诊闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗35例肱骨髁上骨折患儿。记录骨折愈合情况、并发症发生情况、肘关节及腕关节活动度,采用Flynn标准评价肘关节功能。结果患儿均获得随访,时间3~18个月。术后均无针道感染、肘关节内翻或外翻畸形等并发症,1例术后发生环、小指麻木,不能完全伸直,于术后第2天拔除尺侧克氏针后症状逐渐消失。35例骨折均愈合,时间4~6周。末次随访时,患儿均无明显疼痛不适;肘关节伸直0°~8°、屈曲115°~145°,前臂旋前75°~85°、旋后70°~80°,腕关节背伸35°~60°、掌屈50°~60°,患侧活动度均与健侧无明显区别;采用Flynn标准评价肘关节功能:优29例,良4例,可2例,优良率94.3%。结论单人急诊闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,可及时减轻患儿痛苦,术后肘关节功能恢复良好。

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经损伤的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者的临床疗效。方法选取40例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,并对患者手术时间、切口平均长度、术中出血量、住院时间进行记录。对所有患者进行随访,观察和记录手术前、手术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访的影像学指标[包括术后Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度百分比(RAVH)]、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)腰疼评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)及视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,评价临床结果的改善程度。结果所有手术均顺利完成,患者平均手术时间(76.2±7.2)min,术中平均出血量(68.5±3.8)mL,切口平均长度(11.8±0.9)cm,平均住院时间(10.1±1.2)d。术后及随访期间均未出现感染、内固定物松动及断裂等并发症。患者术后一周Cobb角较术前显著改善,RAVH较术前显著增加(P<0.05);术后6个月较术后一周及末次随访较术后6个月比较,患者Cobb角略有增加,RAVH略有丢失,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术前、术后一周、术后一月及末次随访患者JOA评分显著增加,而VAS和ODI评分随时间推移而显著减少,差异在不同时间点具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术在治疗胸腰椎骨折时,可以有效恢复伤椎椎体高度,纠正矢状面后凸Cobb角,恢复脊柱生理曲度,具有显著的临床疗效。

经皮微创桥接组合式系统治疗锁骨干骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较经皮微创桥接组合式系统(OBS)与切开复位钢板内固定治疗锁骨干骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年8月至2020年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院采用经皮微创OBS技术或切开复位钢板内固定治疗50例锁骨干骨折病人的资料,其中OBS组23例,钢板组27例。比较两组病人的切口总长度、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、术后肩关节ConstantMurley评分以及术后并发症发生情况等。结果 OBS组病人术中手术时间[(71.74±6.23)min]较钢板组病人[(57.81±6.73)min]长,但切口总长度[(6.09±0.67)cm]、术中出血量[(20.52±4.31)mL]及骨折愈合时间[(10.57±0.51)周]优于钢板组病人[(9.41±0.63)cm、(48.67±6.93)mL、(12.42±0.50)周],均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OBS组病人术后切口周围感觉异常发生率[1例(4.3%)]较钢板组病人[9例(33.3%)]低(P<0.05)。而两组病人术后切口感染、切口瘢痕增生、骨折不愈合、内固定失效及术后3、6、9个月随访时Constant-Murley评分比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 OBS作为新型内固定系统在治疗锁骨干骨折时和钢板疗效相当,均能获得较好的临床功能结果,且具有切口小、出血量少、切口周围感觉异常发生率低等优势。