Clinical study of a new nutritional index for predicting long-term prognosis in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease following percutaneous coronary intervention

Background and Objective: Some patients continue to experience major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in frigid places. Indexes of inflammation and nutrition alone were shown to predict outcomes in patients with PCI. However, the clinical predictive value of mixed indicators is unclear. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the albumin/neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 608 post-PCI CHD patients were categorized into low- and high-index groups based on the optimal cut-off values for albumin and NLR. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint comprising all-cause mortality and major adverse cerebrovascular events. The secondary outcome was the comparison of the predictive efficiency of the new nutritional index, albumin/NLR, with that of albumin or NLR alone. Results: Over the five-year follow-up period, 45 patients experienced the composite endpoint. The incidence of endpoint events was significantly higher in the low-index group (12%) compared to the high-index group (4.9%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the albumin/NLR index had a larger area under the curve (AUC: 0.655) than albumin (AUC: 0.621) or NLR (AUC: 0.646), indicating superior predictive efficiency. The prognostic nutritional index had an AUC of 0.644, further supporting the enhanced predictive value of the albumin/NLR index over individual nutritional and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: The albumin/neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is independently associated with the long-term prognosis of CHD patients post-PCI and demonstrates superior predictive efficiency compared to individual nutritional and inflammatory markers.

Is the advantage of coronary bypass graft surgery over percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with severe multivessel disease influenced by the status of insulin requirement？

Several studies have shown that coronary artery bypass graft surgery （CABG） is superior to percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with diabetes and multi-vessel disease. Whether this advantage of CABG over PCI is confined to diabetics who require insulin is unknown. We review the published literature comparing CABG with PCI in diabetics including 8 cohorts and 4,786 patients. There was a lower rate for all-cause mortality （Relative risk （RR）： 0.78, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.62-0.99）, and for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events （MACCE, RR： 0.59, 95% CI： 0.47-0.75） for CABG compared to PCI. Composite outcome of mortality, myocardial infarction and stoke was similar between CABG and PCI （RR： 0.87, 95% CI： 0.54-1.42）. Visual inspection of the forest plots showed that in most analyses, the point estimates of the RR are similar between the insulin requiring group and non-insulin requiring group. On meta-regression, there was no interaction between status of insulin requirement and revascularization strategies （P 〉 0.05 for all）. The pre- sented data on the still unpublished analysis of the FREEDOM trial showed similar results. Thus, in the current era, CABG is superior to PCI with lower mortality and MACCE rates, but the state of insulin requirement had no effect on the outcomes from the two revascularization strategies.

Effects of nicorandil on myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention:study design and protocol for the randomized controlled trial

Previous studies have shown that nicorandil has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes.However,there is no study to investigate whether perioperative intravenous nicorandil can further reduce the myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)compared to the current standard of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)regimen.The CHANGE(China-Administration of Nicorandil Group)study is a multicenter,prospective,randomized,double-blind and parallel-controlled clinical study of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI in China,aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous nicorandil in ameliorating the myocardial infarct size in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI and provide evidence-based support for myocardial protection strategies of STEMI patients.

Clinical outcomes of elderly South-East Asian patients in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST- elevation myocardial infarction

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of elderly South-East Asian patients undergoing primary pereutaneous coronary intervention （PPCI）. Methods From January 2009 to December 2012, 1268 patients （86.4% male, mean age of 58,4 ± 12.2 years） presented to our hospital for ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） and underwent PPCI. They were divided into two groups： elderly group defined as age _〉 70 years and non-elderly group defined as age 〈 70 years. Data were collected retrospectively on baseline clinical characteristics, door-to-balloon （D2B） time, angiographic findings, therapeutic modality and hospital course. Results The elderly group constituted 19% of the study population with mean age 76.6 ± 5.0 years. There was a higher proportion of female gender and ethnic Chinese patients in the elderly group when compared with the non-elderly group. The former was less likely to be smokers and have a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension. The mean D2B time was significantly longer in the elderly group. They also had a significantly higher incidence of triple vessel disease and obstructive left main disease. The use of radial artery access, glyeoprotein 2b/3a inhibitors and drug-eluting stents during PPCI were also significantly lower. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the elderly group. The rate of cardiogenic shock and inhospital complications were also significantly higher. Conclusions Our registry showed that in-hospital mortality rate in elderly South-East Asian patients undergoing PPCI for STEMI was high. Further studies into the optimal STEMI management strat- egy for these elderly patients are warranted.

Changes in the safety paradigm with percutaneous coronary interventions in the modern era:Lessons learned from the ASCERT registry

In the past,comparative effectiveness trials evaluating percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI),using either balloon angioplasty or bare metal stent(BMS) implantation,versus coronary artery bypass surgery(CABG) found similar survival rates at long-term follow-up with both revascularization strategies.Two major meta-analyses of these trials reported 5-and 6-year comparative effectiveness between PCI and CABG:one included only four trials that compared PCI with BMS implantation versus CABG whereas the largest one also included trials using balloon angioplasty.In these studies,the authors observed no survival differences between groups although a significant survival advantage was seen in diabetics treated with CABG and this benefit was also perceived in elderly patients.In both reports,number of involved vessels,presence of left anterior descending artery stenosis or poor left ventricular ejection fraction were no predictors of poor survival with PCI.Therefore,extent of the coronary artery disease(CAD) was not associated with poor outcome after PCI in the pre-drug eluting stent(DES) era.Recently,the ASCERT(Database Collaboration on the Comparative Effectiveness of Revascularization Strategies) registry found higher mortality rate with PCI in patients ≥ 65 years old in comparison with CABG,and advantages of surgery were seen in all subgroups including those at low risk.In this registry,PCI was accomplished by implantation of the first type of DES designs in 78% of cases.The intriguing observation of high mortality rate with PCI,including for non-diabetics and patients with two-vessel CAD,meaning a lack of clinical benefit with DES implantation,had not been seen previously.The study was not randomized,although its results are largely strengthened by its sample size.In this manuscript,the authors describe other registries and randomized trials reporting similar results supporting the findings of the aforementioned study and explore the reasons for these results,while also searching for potential solutions.

Follow up of Complete Revascularization versus Culprit Revascularization in ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives: To compare between only Culprit revascularization versus total revascularization in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI with 6 months follow up of occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE). Methods: 50 patients were enrolled in this study during the period from 1/11/2018 to 1/11/2019 at Menoufiya University and national heart institute. All patients present with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and have multi vessel coronary artery disease on angiography suitable for PCI. Patients were subjected to detailed medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiography. Results: 50 patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (28 females and 22 males) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. 25 patients had total revascularization to all coronary arteries, the other 25 patients had only culprit revascularization. We found that there was a significant reduction in the incidence of recurrent chest pain and non-fatal Myocardial infarction in the total revascularization group. Conclusion: Our study showed that Multivessel revascularization resulted in an improved clinical course and a significant reduction of MACCE regarding non-fatal MI and a significant reduction of recurrent chest pain.

Effects of bilirubin on perioperative myocardial infarction and its long-term prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND Although bilirubin is known to be an antioxidant,any relationship with coronary heart disease remains controversial.To the best of our knowledge,no previous study has investigated the association between bilirubin and perioperative myocardial infarction(PMI),including its long-term prognosis.AIM To investigate the impact of bilirubin levels on PMI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and long-term prognosis in post-PMI patients.METHODS Between January 2014 and September 2018,10236 patients undergoing elective PCI were enrolled in the present study.Total bilirubin(TB)and cardiac troponin I(cTnI)levels were measured prior to PCI and cTnI at further time-points,8,16 and 24 h after PCI.Participants were stratified by pre-PCI TB levels and divided into three groups:<10.2;10.2-14.4 and>14.4μmol/L.PMI was defined as producing a post-procedural cTnI level of>5×upper limit of normal(ULN)with normal baseline cTnI.Major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)included cardiac death,MI,stroke and revascularization during a maximum 5-year follow-up.RESULTS PMI was detected in 526(15.3%),431(12.7%)and 424(12.5%)of patients with pre-PCI TB levels of<10.2,10.2-14.4 and>14.4μmol/L(P=0.001),respectively.Multivariate logistical analysis indicated that patients with TB 10.2-14.4 and>14.4μmol/L had a lower incidence of PMI[TB 10.2-14.4μmol/L:Odds ratio(OR):0.854;95%confidence interval(CI):0.739-0.987;P=0.032;TB>14.4μmol/L:OR:0.846;95%CI:0.735-0.975;P=0.021]compared with patients with TB<10.2μmol/L.Construction of a Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated a higher MACE-free survival time for patients with higher TB than for those with lower TB(log-rank P=0.022).After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic characteristics,multivariate Cox analysis showed that a TB level>14.4μmol/L was associated with a reduced risk of MACEs compared with a TB level<10.2μmol/L(hazard ratio 0.667;95%CI:0.485-0.918;P=0.013).CONCLUSION Bilirubin was a protective factor in PMI prediction.For post-PMI patients,elevated bilirubin levels were independently associated with a reduced risk of MACEs during long-term follow-up.

Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Chinese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Iodixanol: An Observational Postauthorization Study

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCEs)and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30,2013,to October 7,2015,were included in the study.The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization(TLR),stroke,stent thrombosis,cardiac death,and PCI-related myocardial infarction(MI)within 72 h post-PCI.Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results:A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled.The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33%(n=71),including cardiac death(0.03%,n=1)and PCI-related MI(2.30%,n=70).The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16%(n=5),including cardiac death(0.10%,n=3),PCI-related MI(0.03%,n=1),and TLR for stent thrombosis(0.03%,n=1).The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86%(n=87);233(7.86%)patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs,confirming its safety in this population.

Coronary artery disease and heart failure:Late-breaking trials presented at American Heart Association scientific session 2023

The late-breaking science presented at the 2023 scientific session of the American Heart Association paves the way for future pragmatic trials and provides meaningful information to guide management strategies in coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF).The dapagliflozin in patient with acute myocardial infarction(DAPA-MI)trial showed that dapagliflozin use among patients with acute MI without a history of diabetes mellitus or chronic HF has better cardiometabolic outcomes compared with placebo,with no difference in cardiovascular outcomes.The MINT trial showed that in patients with acute MI and anemia(Hgb<10 g/dL),a liberal transfusion goal(Hgb≥10 g/dL)was not superior to a restrictive strategy(Hgb 7-8 g/dL)with respect to 30-day all-cause death and recurrent MI.The ORBITA-2 trial showed that among patients with stable angina and coronary stenoses causing ischemia on little or no antianginal therapy,percutaneous coronary intervention results in greater improvements in anginal frequency and exercise times compared with a sham procedure.The ARIES-HM3 trial showed that in patients with advanced HF who received a HeartMate 3 levitated left ventricular assist device and were anticoagulated with a vitamin K antagonist,placebo was noninferior to daily aspirin with respect to the composite endpoint of bleeding and thrombotic events at 1 year.The TEAMMATE trial showed that everolimus with low-dose tacrolimus is safe in children and young adults when given≥6 months after cardiac transplantation.Providing patients being treated for HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)with specific out-of-pocket(OOP)costs for multiple medication options at the time of the clinical encounter may reduce‘contingency planning’and increase the extent to which patients are taking the medications decided upon.The primary outcome,which was cost-informed decisionmaking,defined as the clinician or patient mentioning costs of HFrEF medication,occurred in 49%of encounters with the checklist only control group compared with 68%of encounters in the OOP cost group.

Earlier application of loading doses of aspirin and clopidogrel decreases rate of recurrent cardiovascular ischemic events for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular ischemic events for ninety patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.Recent studies have indicated that increasing the dose of antiplatelet drugs maybe a potent method to improve the inhibition of platelet aggregation.Methods Thrombelastograph （TEG） determinations were used to evaluate the effect of antiplatelet therapy.According to the results,90 patients were divided into three groups and given different doses of aspirin and clopidogrel.Thirty patients with both an inhibition rate of aspirin 〉50% and an inhibition rate of clopidogrel 〉50% were defined as the control group.Sixty patients with an inhibition rate for aspirin 〈50% and an inhibition rate for clopidogrel 〈50% were defined as the resistance group.Patients in resistance group were randomly assigned to be given a routine dose （100 mg aspirin plus 75 mg clopidogrel per day,which we called a resistance plus routine dose group,R＋R） and a loading dose （200 mg aspirin and 150 mg clopidogrel per day,which we called resistance plus loading dose group,R＋L） of antiplatelet therapy.A 12-month follow-up was observed to examine the change of inhibition rate of antiplatelet therapy and to estimate the relationship between inhibition rate and the occurrence of cardiovascular ischemic events.Results After 6 months of antiplatelet therapy,the inhibition rate of aspirin in the R＋L group increased from （31.4±3.7）% to （68.6±7.1）%,which was significantly higher than that in R＋R group,（51.9±8.2）% （P 〈0.01）.The inhibition rate of clopidogrel in the R＋L group increased from （22.1±3.8）% to （60.2±7.4）%,which was significantly higher than in the R＋R group,（45.9±4.3）% （P 〈0.01）.The occurrence rates of cardiovascular ischemic events,stent thrombosis,recurrent unstable angina and myocardial infarction in the R＋R group were 20%,36% and 17%,respectively.Occurrence was significantly increased compared with that in the control group,3%,10% and 1%,respectively （P 〈0.01）.In contrast,the occurrence rates in the R＋L group （10%,23% and 6%,respectively） were attenuated compared with those in the R＋R group （P 〈0.01 ）,although still higher than in the control group （P 〈0.01）.Conclusions Almost all of the cardiovascular ischemic events occurred in the first six months after percutaneous coronary intervention.According to the result of TEG determinations,earlier application of a loading dose of aspirin and clopidogrel can decrease the rate of recurrent cardiovascular ischemic events.

COMPARISON BETWEEN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY AND DRUG-ELUTING STENTS IMPLANTATION TO DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-elating stents （DES） implantation in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease （MVD） compared with coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） on the clinical outcomes. Methods From May 2003 to April 2005, 150 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with MVD underwent revascularization, 84 by percutaneous coronary intervention （PC1） with DES and 66 by CABG. The study end point was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events （MACEs） during hospital interval after procedure and follow-up. Results Most preoperative characteristics were similar in two groups, but left main disease （30% vs 4%, P = 0. 001 ） and three-vessel disease （ 70% vs 54%, P = 0. 045 ） were more prevalent in CABG group. Complete revascularization was achieved in more patients in CABG group than that in PC1 group （82% vs 67%, P =0. 037）. Cumulative incidence of MACEs in hospital was similar between two groups （2.4% PC1 vs 9. 1% CABG , P =0. 069） despite the higher early morbidity （6. 1% vs 0%, P =0. 022） associated with CABG. Patients were followed up clinically for a mean of 18 - 8 months （ range 13- 36 months）. The incidence of MACEs remained higher after PC1 with multiple DES （21.4% vs 9. 1%, P =0. 041 ） mainly driven by a more require for repeat revascularization （ 13. 1% vs 3. 0%, P = 0. 030 ）. Conclusion PC1 with DES implantation, combined with tight glycemic control, aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification and antiplatelet treatment, may be a safe and feasible alternative to CABG for selected diabetic patients with multivessel disease.

Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes:A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background The choice between coronary artery bypass surgery （CABG） and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for revascularisation in patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease, who account for 25% of revascularisation procedures, is much debated. We aimed to assess whether all-cause mortality differed be- tween patients with diabetes who had CABG or PCI by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis of ran- domised controlled trials （RCTs） comparing CABG with PCI in the modem stent era.

无导线起搏器联合PCI术治疗急性心肌梗死合并心律失常的疗效及对心电图、不良心血管事件的影响

目的:观察无导线起搏器联合经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心律失常的疗效及对心电图参数、不良心血管事件的影响。方法:选取2020年6月—2021年6月我院收治的接受无导线起搏器联合PCI术治疗的80例AMI合并心律失常病人,统计无导线起搏器置入情况、PCI术手术效果、心功能、心肌灌注分级、起搏器电学参数、心电图参数、再灌注损伤与不良心血管事件。结果:介入治疗后全部病人均符合冠状动脉再通标准。80例均成功置入MicraTM无导线起搏器,起搏成功率为100%。治疗后左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、阈值、阻抗、QT间期均小于治疗前(P<0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO)、感知、PR间期、QRS间期均大于治疗前(P<0.05);心肌组织灌注(TIMI)分级情况均优于治疗前(P<0.05),TIMI分级Ⅱ级以上的比例82.50%。80例中16例发生再灌注损伤,但无因再灌注损伤发生死亡者。随访6个月18例发生不良心血管事件。结论:无导线起搏器联合PCI术可改善AMI合并心律失常病人的心功能、心肌灌注分级、起搏器电学参数、心电图参数,冠状动脉再通率高、起搏成功率高,但可能发生再灌注损伤与不良心血管事件。

5G技术远程操控R-One^(TM)机器人应用于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的动物实验研究

目的通过动物实验评估5G技术远程操控血管介入机器人(R-One^(TM))辅助经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的有效性与安全性。方法选取实验猪3头,平均体质量(32±1)kg。每头实验猪各选取两支冠状动脉血管,分别设为实验组(5G网络下R-OneTM远程辅助PCI)和对照组(R-One^(TM)本地辅助PCI)完成猪的PCI手术。记录手术时长、对比剂用量、围术期手术安全性等,手术结束当天处死动物(安乐死),进行解剖取样,分离靶血管进行病理分析。同时记录网络延时、数据包丢失及术者远程操作评价。结果实验组和对照组PCI成功率均100%,无围术期不良事件,PCI后心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验血流分级Ⅲ级,无分支丢失及冠状动脉穿孔。实验组未发生中途切换本地操作。手术期间5G远程乌鲁木齐-上海网络信号往返时间(RTT)延时平均106.66 ms(87.94~1927.12 ms),数据包丢失率0.8256%、断网后网络恢复时间<10 s;北京-上海网络信号RTT延时平均60.43 ms(40.61~377.77 ms),数据包丢失率0.0550%、断网后网络恢复时间<10 s。远程主-从端术者操作评价几乎无延时;术中数字减影血管造影(DSA)影像质量非常清晰,传输几乎无延时;术中远程音视频传输几乎无延时,传输稳定且质量高;从端器械操控非常灵活。整个实验过程中R-OneTM机器人系统未出现任何软件及硬件故障,所有动物术中及术后未出现相应的介入并发症,术后动物解剖未发现冠状动脉夹层及穿孔等严重不良事件。结论本研究验证了5G技术远程操控R-OneTM行PCI手术的安全性和有效性,为今后临床应用这一技术提供理论和实践依据。

药物涂层球囊边支扩张技术在治疗冠状动脉真性分叉病变的安全性和有效性分析

目的通过对比双支架技术和药物涂层球囊(DCB)边支扩张技术在治疗冠状动脉真性分叉病变中的疗效,探讨DCB在真性分叉病变治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法本研究为回顾性研究,共纳入216例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的冠状动脉真性分叉病变患者。并将患者分为双支架技术组和DCB边支扩张技术组,对比两组1年临床随访期间靶病变血运重建和主要不良心血管事件(MACE)等发生情况。MACE包括术后再发心绞痛、心源性死亡和再发性心肌梗死以及靶血管血运重建。结果两组冠状动脉分叉病变Medina分类方面对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),双支架技术组边支直径明显高于DCB边支扩张技术组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他临床资料以及冠状动脉分叉病变特征对比两组间对比差异均无统计学意义。两组1年随访期间,临床结局对比差异均无统计学意义。经过倾向评分配比后,两组在临床资料以及冠状动脉分叉病变特征方面组间比较差异均无统计学意义;两组在1年随访期间,在预期主要研究终点和次要研究终点发生方面比较差异均无统计学意义。结论本研究显示,在1年临床随访期间,DCB边支扩张技术在治疗冠状动脉真性分叉病变方面,与双支架技术具有相似的有效性和安全性。

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞合并左室射血分数轻度降低的心力衰竭患者介入术后短期不良心血管事件的预测模型建立

目的预测冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)合并左室射血分数轻度降低的心力衰竭(HFmrEF)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后短期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)风险的发生,构建列线图预测模型并评价其性能。方法回顾性选取2020年9月1日—2023年3月1日就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院的CTO合并HFmrEF并行PCI患者共364例作为研究对象,术后随访1年,采用logistic回归分析预测PCI后发生MACE的独立危险因素,采用多因素分析构建列线图预测模型并采用Bootstrap法对模型进行内部验证;采用ROC曲线、曲线下面积、校准曲线和决策曲线评估模型的准确度、预测效能和临床净获益。结果多因素logistic分析显示,心律失常病史、病变开通、血红蛋白、N末端脑钠肽前体和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值为预测PCI后MACE发生的独立危险因素,以此构建的列线图经内部验证,曲线下面积为0.919(95%CI 0.890~0.947),具有较好的一致性。决策曲线显示此预测模型可提供额外的临床净获益。结论本研究构建的预测CTO合并HFmrEF患者PCI后发生短期MACE的列线图模型具有较好的预测效能,有助于医护人员尽早制定对策,降低MACE的发生风险,提高患者生存概率。

双核素心肌显像评估的心肌活性对急性心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

目的探讨双核素心肌显像对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后远期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法自2015年1月至2020年12月,回顾性收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院就诊的AMI患者95例,随访3年,根据患者术后是否发生MACE事件分为MACE组(n=42)和对照组(n=53),比较两组患者临床特征和双核素心肌显像相关参数差异,分析双核素心肌显像相关参数对MACE事件的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,MACE组患者糖尿病发生率显著增高(42.86%vs.22.64%,P=0.035);冠状动脉(冠脉)狭窄程度显著增高[(73.67±11.57)%vs.(66.11±8.69)%,P<0.001];左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著降低(47.45±3.83 vs.52.13±4.31,P<0.001);心肌缺血总积分显著增高[(14.29±4.20)%vs.(9.89±3.33)%,P<0.001];心肌灌注/代谢不匹配百分比显著增高(16.58±1.61 vs.15.69±2.14,P=0.028)。LVEF对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后MACE事件具有一定预测价值,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.777(95%CI:0.686~0.868,P<0.001)。冠脉狭窄程度、心肌缺血总积分对预测AMI患者PCI术后MACE事件具有一定预测价值,AUC分别为0.676、0.784。多因素Logistics回归分析显示LVEF<50%、心肌缺血总积分>12是AMI患者PCI术后3年内发生MACE事件的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论双核素心肌显像相关参数可作为AMI患者PCI术后MACE事件的预测指标之一。

有高血压脑出血史的患者冠状动脉介入术标准双抗治疗预后影响因素分析

目的:心脏支架置入术后要求使用双重抗血小板治疗(dual antiplatelet therapy DAPT),而脑出血后使用抗血小板治疗仍然存在争议。本研究旨在评估有高血压脑出血病史者,对使用双重抗血小板(双抗)治疗的经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention PCI)术后患者预后的影响。方法:本研究为观察性临床研究,纳入有高血压脑出血病史的PCI患者128例作为观察组,有高血压但无脑出血病史的PCI患者153例作为对照者。所有患者在PCI术后均服用阿司匹林100mg和氯吡格雷75mg治疗,随访时间为12~48个月。疗效结局为主要不良心脑血管病事件,安全性结局为再发脑出血和主要出血。结果:共随访到228例患者,其中观察组102例,对照组126例。既往脑出血病史(HR:1.998,95%CI:1.164~3.415,P=0.012)和冠心病病史(HR:2.664,95%CI:1.388~5.111,P=0.003)是导致高血压的PCI患者,双抗治疗下主要不良心脑血管病事件的危险因素。既往脑出血病史并未增加高血压的PCI患者,双抗治疗下再发脑出血(HR:2.292,95%CI:0.368~14.254,P=0.199)和主要出血的风险(HR:1.467,95%CI:0.475~4.536,P=0.506)。结论:脑出血病史和冠心病病史,是高血压的PCI患者双抗治疗下主要不良心脑血管病事件的危险因素。脑出血病史的高血压患者,PCI术后,在标准双抗治疗下,再发脑出血和主要出血的风险未增加,但明显增加主要不良心脑血管病事件的风险,需予以关注。

冠脉造影联合血流储备分数在评估经皮冠状动脉介入术中的价值

目的:探究冠脉造影联合血流储备分数(fractional flow reserve,FFR)在评估经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)中的临床应用价值。方法:选择2021年5月—2022年8月丰城市人民医院收治的120例冠心病患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组接受冠状动脉造影及PCI治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合FFR诊断,依据FFR结果判定PCI方式。对比两组支架置入数量、不良心血管事件发生率、心功能、6 min步行距离(6-minute walking distance,6MWD)、西雅图心绞痛量表(Seattle angina questionnaire,SAQ)评分。结果:观察组支架置入数量较对照组明显少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良心血管事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组心功能、6MWD、SAQ评分对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组心功能、6MWD、SAQ评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:冠脉造影联合FFR,对PCI术的方式具有显著的评估价值,提高临床治疗准确性和有效性。

基于非梗死区心肌全壁运动指数建立主要不良心血管事件发生风险评估模型

目的研究基于非梗死区心肌全壁运动指数(GWMI)建立急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后远期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生风险评估模型。方法选取2019年5月至2021年5月金华市中心医院心血管内科二区收治的急性心肌梗死行PCI患者350例,根据随访结果分为MACE组82例和非MACE组268例。采用logistic回归分析远期危险因素,并构建危险因素的回归方程模型,采用ROC曲线分析风险评估模型、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分对远期MACE的预测效能。结果MACE组GRACE评分、B型钠尿肽、GWMI明显高于非MACE组,淋巴细胞、血红蛋白及血运重建比例明显低于非MACE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,GWMI预测MACE的截断值为1.04,曲线下面积为0.747(95%CI:0.678~0.815)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,B型钠尿肽、GWMI为MACE发生的危险因素,淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、血运重建为MACE发生的保护因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。建立风险评估模型的回归方程,结果显示,风险评估模型、GRACE评分预测MACE的曲线下面积分别为0.903(95%CI:0.862~0.952)、0.757(95%CI:0.692~0.822)。结论非梗死区GWMI是急性心肌梗死PCI术后远期MACE的影响因素,基于非梗死区GWMI建立的风险评估模型可有效预测远期MACE发生风险。