论卢梭的自然状态学说——以《论人类不平等的起源与基础》为中心

自然状态学说对卢梭的政治社会思想体系具有基础性意义。卢梭对自然状态的论证过程是,首先对以前的所有自然法理论进行攻击,否认了"自然法"概念的可能性,然后强力论证了自然状态的真实存在。与前人不同的是,卢梭采用了物理的和进化论的研究视角重新研究人类的自然状态。但他更为颠覆性的思想是对人从形而上学层面进行了重新定义,提炼出可完善性这一人类独有的特征。卢梭最终论证和展示的是一个稳定而自足的人类的自然状态。

大地与心灵的交响——五邑本土作家散文创作简论

江门五邑人杰地灵 ,散文创作尤其活跃 ,与内地作家的创作不同 ,五邑本土作家的散文创作大都表现出一种闲适与典雅 ,他们更感兴趣的是对原始自然山水的认同 ,更关心的是自己个体的生存状态 ,更注重的是个人的内心感受。对大地的礼赞与心灵的揭示 。

中国古代对自然美的认识与体验

自然环境与社会意识形态规定着时代的自然审美观,自然审美观制约着以自然美为素材的文学与绘画艺术的创造。中国艺术家把审美眼光集中地投向自然,在自然美欣赏中,总是把人摆进去,从自身的道德修养和情感状态出发,寄情于景,移德于物,然后在物我交融中见出人的品德、情感来,这绝不仅仅是移情于自然,更是一种精神感应。

A Tree Formulation for Signaling Games with Noise

The paper provides an analysis of a sender-receiver sequential signaling game. The private information of the sender is transmitted with noise by a Machine, i.e. does not always correctly reflect the state of nature. Hence, a truthful revelation by the sender of his information does not necessarily imply that the signal he sends is correct. Also, the receiver can take a correct action even if the sender transmits an incorrect signal. The payoffs of the two players depend on their combined actions. Perfect Bayesian Equilibria which can result from different degrees of noise is analysed. The Bayesian updating of probabilities is explained. The fixed point theorem which makes the connection with the idea of rational expectations in economics is calculated. Given a number of equilibria, we comment on the most credible one on the basis of the implied payoffs for both players. The equilibrium signals are an example of the formation of a language convention discussed by D. Lewis.