Mucronella perforata was first discovered from Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, Japan,in 1937 by Okada and Mawatari. It was reported from Hong Kong and its neighboring waters and was referred to the genus Hippopodina Lev...Mucronella perforata was first discovered from Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, Japan,in 1937 by Okada and Mawatari. It was reported from Hong Kong and its neighboring waters and was referred to the genus Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 of the Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 by Huang et al. (1990) and Huang(1994). According to the astogeny of the species, both the ancestrula and its successor zooids have an ascus proximal to the orifice, and its hyperstomial ovicells are imperforate, so it could not be a member of any known genus of the known families of the superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1883 in the infraorder Lepraliomorpha Gordon, 1989. The new genus Pacificincola and the new family Pacificincolidae established respectively on the basis of reexaminations of the Chinese specimens obtained from the southern Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea. Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1880 and Hippoporina mexicana Soule, Soule et Chaney, 1995 have been referred to the new genus in the paper.展开更多
Introduction:Following oil sands mining in Alberta,Canada,the main land management goal is to establish a functioning boreal forest ecosystem,including the understory plant community.One of the challenges with restori...Introduction:Following oil sands mining in Alberta,Canada,the main land management goal is to establish a functioning boreal forest ecosystem,including the understory plant community.One of the challenges with restoring the understory is the presence of non-native species that compete with desirable native species for resources.In a greenhouse experiment,we studied the growth of two native understory species(Galium boreale and Vicia americana)and a non-native invasive species(Matricaria perforata)grown with either intra-or interspecific neighbors across three common land reclamation soils and a nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Results:When grown by itself,V.americana aboveground biomass did not differ among soil or fertilizer treatments,likely due to its ability to fix nitrogen.Growth of M.perforata was directly related to soil nitrogen,and it had the greatest increase in biomass with fertilization.Growth and biomass of G.boreale was less than the other species,and it had the highest mortality in the nitrogen-poor soil.When grown together,the proportional biomass of M.perforata and V.americana varied with soil treatment such that M.perforata was dominant in the high-nitrogen forest floormineral mix treatment while V.americana was dominant in the low-nitrogen peat-mineral mix.Conclusions:Operationally,care should be taken when applying fertilizer to reclamation areas,as it may have an unwanted positive effect on growth for undesirable non-native plants at the expense of native species.In terms of seed mixtures,V.americana may be a good option for low inorganic nitrogen resource soils and G.boreale for high nitrogen resource soils.展开更多
文摘Mucronella perforata was first discovered from Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, Japan,in 1937 by Okada and Mawatari. It was reported from Hong Kong and its neighboring waters and was referred to the genus Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 of the Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 by Huang et al. (1990) and Huang(1994). According to the astogeny of the species, both the ancestrula and its successor zooids have an ascus proximal to the orifice, and its hyperstomial ovicells are imperforate, so it could not be a member of any known genus of the known families of the superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1883 in the infraorder Lepraliomorpha Gordon, 1989. The new genus Pacificincola and the new family Pacificincolidae established respectively on the basis of reexaminations of the Chinese specimens obtained from the southern Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea. Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1880 and Hippoporina mexicana Soule, Soule et Chaney, 1995 have been referred to the new genus in the paper.
基金This study was funded by Canadian Natural Resources Limited.
文摘Introduction:Following oil sands mining in Alberta,Canada,the main land management goal is to establish a functioning boreal forest ecosystem,including the understory plant community.One of the challenges with restoring the understory is the presence of non-native species that compete with desirable native species for resources.In a greenhouse experiment,we studied the growth of two native understory species(Galium boreale and Vicia americana)and a non-native invasive species(Matricaria perforata)grown with either intra-or interspecific neighbors across three common land reclamation soils and a nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Results:When grown by itself,V.americana aboveground biomass did not differ among soil or fertilizer treatments,likely due to its ability to fix nitrogen.Growth of M.perforata was directly related to soil nitrogen,and it had the greatest increase in biomass with fertilization.Growth and biomass of G.boreale was less than the other species,and it had the highest mortality in the nitrogen-poor soil.When grown together,the proportional biomass of M.perforata and V.americana varied with soil treatment such that M.perforata was dominant in the high-nitrogen forest floormineral mix treatment while V.americana was dominant in the low-nitrogen peat-mineral mix.Conclusions:Operationally,care should be taken when applying fertilizer to reclamation areas,as it may have an unwanted positive effect on growth for undesirable non-native plants at the expense of native species.In terms of seed mixtures,V.americana may be a good option for low inorganic nitrogen resource soils and G.boreale for high nitrogen resource soils.
