Reflection and Transmission of Regular Waves from/Through Single and Double Perforated Thin Walls

In this paper, reflection and transmission coefficients of regular waves from/through perforated thin walls are investigated. Small scale laboratory tests have been performed in a wave flume firstly with single perforated thin Plexiglas plates of various porosities. The plate is placed perpendicular to the flume with the height from the flume bottom to the position above water surface. With this thin wall in the flume wave overtopping is prohibited and incident waves are able to transmit. The porosities of the walls are achieved by perforating the plates with circular holes. Model settings with double perforated walls parallel to each other forming so called chamber system, have been also examined. Several parameters have been used for correlating the laboratory tests’ results. Experimental data are also compared with results from the numerical model by applying the multi-domain boundary element method （MDBEM） with linear wave theory. Wave energy dissipation due to the perforations of the thin wall has been represented by a simple yet effective porosity parameter in the model. The numerical model with the MDBEM has been further validated against the previously published data.

Transmission loss simulation based on rectangular-pulse method and experimental evaluation of acoustic performance of perforated intake pipe

Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 d B(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 d B(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.

A Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method to Analyze the Reflection and Transmission of Oblique Waves From Double Porous Thin Walls

In the present paper, we examine the performance of an efficient type of wave-absorbing porous marine structure under the attack of regular oblique waves by using a Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method(MDBEM). The structure consists of two perforated vertical thin barriers creating what can be called a wave absorbing chamber system. The barriers are surface piercing, thereby eliminating wave overtopping. The problem of the interaction of obliquely incident linear waves upon a pair of perforated barriers is first formulated in the context of linear diffraction theory. The resulting boundary integral equation, which is matched with far-field solutions presented in terms of analytical series with unknown coefficients, as well as the appropriate boundary conditions at the free surface, seabed, and barriers, is then solved numerically using MDBEM. Dissipation of the wave energy due to the presence of the perforated barriers is represented by a simple yet effective relation in terms of the porosity parameter appropriate for thin perforated walls. The results are presented in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. The effects of the incident wave angles, relative water depths, porosities, depths of the walls, and other major parameters of interest are explored.

基于SSA-CNN模型的双排开孔圆筒防波堤透射系数预测

双排开孔圆筒防波堤是一种新型环境友好型防波堤,对其消浪特性的研究具有重要工程意义。随着人工智能的发展,基于机器学习技术求解防波堤水动力学问题成了一种新的研究范式。本文提出基于麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)优化卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)模型,实现对双排开孔圆筒防波堤透射系数的智能优化预测。结果表明:(1)确定波高、波周期、波长、波速、排间距、开孔率、水深为影响透射系数的关键因子;(2)当SSA-CNN模型的种群数量为10时,对波浪透射系数预测的R2值达到0.9909,平均相对误差相比单一的CNN模型降低了5.07%。研究成果为利用神经网络研究波浪透射问题提供了一种新的优化预测模型。

Scattering of Water Waves by Dual Symmetric Inclined Floating Porous Barriers Using the DBEM

The scattering of normally incident water waves by two surface-piercing inclined perforated barriers in water with a uniform finite depth is investigated within the framework of linear water wave theory.Considering that thin barriers are zero-thickness,a novel numerical method involving the the coupling of the dual boundary element method(DBEM)with damping layers is applied.In order to effectively damp out the reflected waves,two damping layers,instead of pseudoboundaries are implemented near the two side boundaries of the computational domain.Thus,the modified linearized free surface boundary conditions are formulated and used for solving both the ordinary boundary integral equation as well as the hypersingular boundary integral equation for degenerate boundaries.The newly developed numerical method is validated against analytical methods using the matched eigenfunction expansion method for the special case of two vertical barriers or the inclined angle to the vertical being zero.The influence of the length of the two damping layers has been discussed.Moreover,these findings are also validated against previous results for several cases.After validation,the numerical results for the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient and dissipation coefficient are obtained by varying the inclination angle and porosity-effect parameter.The effects of both the inclination angle and the porosity on the amplitudes of wave forces acting on both the front and rear barriers are also investigated.It is found that the effect of the inclination angle mainly shifts the location of the extremal values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients.Additionally,a moderate value of the porosity-parameter is quite effective at dissipating wave energy and mitigating the wave loads on dual barriers.

Applying Finite Difference Method to Simulate the Performance of a Perforated Breakwater Under Regular Waves

Using a discretized finite difference method, a numerical model was developed to study the interaction of regular waves with a perforated breakwater. Considering a non-viscous, non-rotational fluid, the governing equations of Laplacian velocity potential were developed, and specific conditions for every single boundary were defined. The final developed model was evaluated based on an existing experimental result. The evaluated model was used to simulate the condition for various wave periods from 0.6 to 2 s. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of waves were examined with different breakwater porosities, wave steepnesses, and angular frequencies. The results show that the developed model can suitably present the effect of the structural and hydraulic parameters on the reflection and transmission coefficients. It was also found that with the increase in wave steepness, the reflection coefficient increased logarithmically, while the transmission coefficient decreased logarithmically.

圆孔非线性声阻抗三维时域仿真与特性分析

为研究有限振幅声波作用下圆孔的非线性声学特性,提出了基于三维时域计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真的圆孔非线性声阻抗提取方法,通过求解层流方程来模拟声信号在圆孔及上下游的传播,以及采用横向周期性边界条件来考虑高穿孔率时圆孔之间相互作用的影响。研究了不同幅值声波作用下孔径、厚度和穿孔率对声阻抗的影响规律,通过对质点振速幅值、频率和板厚等组成的无量纲参量进行非线性回归分析,得到了圆孔非线性声阻抗的拟合公式,并将其转换为可考虑多频声波影响的时域模型。最后结合声阻抗时域模型和有限差分方法计算了直通穿孔管消声器在小振幅和有限振幅声波作用下的传递损失,通过与实验测量结果的比较,验证了拟合公式的准确性和实用性。

绿色金融对新能源企业绩效的传导机制

本文基于2011-2021年新能源上市企业的面板数据,通过熵值法和数据包络法分别计算出了此间企业历年的绿色金融发展水平和融资效率。通过分析绿色金融对于新能源企业绩效的传导机制,并选择了企业社会责任、企业规模、绿色创新政策等变量对其进行实证检验。结果表明:企业社会责任、企业规模以及绿色创新政策都会影响新能源企业绩效,研究还发现在不同时期绿色金融对新能源企业绩效的影响不同,呈现“N”型变化,而企业的融资效率具有调节作用,能将原本的“N”型转变为倒“N”型。针对以上检验结果,本文提出应当加大对于新能源产业的扶持力度,鼓励重工业企业向新能源行业转型升级,优化我国的能源结构的建议。同时,政府也要注重绿色金融对于企业融资效率的提升,企业也需要改变自己的经营观念,灵活运用绿色金融工具来提升融资效率。

双层分流对冲穿孔管结构消声特性研究

发动机排气系统中的噪声特性为高频、宽频带,以及排气气流作用下产生的再生噪声,传统的消声结构不能有效地解决该噪声问题。因此,提出通过将锥形分流单元与双层穿孔管相结合的消声方法。首先通过一个锥形分流单元对进入消声器的气流进行分流,分流后的气流在第一层穿孔管外腔得到充分的减速,再经过第一层穿孔管进行初次消声,然后通过第二层穿孔管进行二次消声,最后通过第二层穿孔管上的小孔进入到对冲腔,使气流在对冲腔发生对冲,气流在对冲的过程中速度逐渐降低,再生噪声减小消声效果增强。通过对双层穿孔管结构的传递损失进行推导,分析结构参数对消声性能的影响,得到传递损失的影响因素与变化特性,并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:提出的消声方法能够在高频入射声波的情况下维持较高的传递损失和较宽的消声频带。

数字电影LED放映透声技术研究

本文对数字电影LED放映还音技术进行了综合研究,针对当前数字电影LED还音存在的技术问题,对不同孔径的LED透声孔进行了试验、测试、分析和研究,提炼出LED透声设计应遵循的基本规则,提出了一种针对LED透声屏的还音技术要求和测量方法,制作了一款能够达到穿孔银幕标准要求的LED透声模组,目的是确保LED影厅能够呈现与传统银幕影厅较为一致的沉浸式还音效果,旨在补齐数字电影LED影厅在还音环节存在的技术短板,推动这种新型显示技术的快速落地和应用。

The influence of perforated plates on wave transmission and hydrodynamic performance of pontoon floating breakwater

In this study, a perforated pontoon floating breakwater（FB） consisting of an impermeable plate and a perforated plate was designed to untangle the effect of a perforated plate on wave transmission and hydrodynamic performance of floating breakwater. A series of 2-D physical model experiments were conducted to measure the wave transmission coefficient, tension acting on the mooring line, and motion response of FB under a regular wave. The experimental results of the motion responses and mooring lines indicated that the new perforated plate was evidently effective. Furthermore, the study also discussed and analyzed the influence of the perforated plate on transmission coefficients. The experimental results showed that the new perforated plate did not lead to obvious improvement in the transmission performance

掠流作用及不同穿孔角度时共振腔消声器性能分析

采用数值方法研究了掠流及不同穿孔角度下共振消声器声学性能的影响。通过求解三维非定常、湍流和不可压缩线性Navier-Stokes方程,得到掠流马赫数对不同穿孔角度下消声器传递损失的影响规律。结果发现,穿孔角度越小的消声器在对应马赫数下的共振频率偏移量越少,马赫数从0.05增加至0.1时,原模型与同向穿孔45°、60°、75°、逆向穿孔45°的偏移量分别为12.3%、9.2%、12.3%、20.0%和7.5%,同时同向穿孔的消声器较原模型在共振频率处都有较大的消声量,表明在流动状态下,穿孔角度显著影响消声器的消声性能,且同向穿孔能有效降低流动对消声器的影响。

Progress in research on ice accretions on overhead transmission lines and its influence on mechanical and insulating performance

Atmospheric ice accretion on transmission lines is of great danger to the security of service of electrical power system. This paper reviews the progress in research dealing with the formation of ice accretions on transmission lines and the effects of ice on the mechanical and electrical performance of transmission lines. The results show that ice accretions on transmission lines can be categorized into five types： glaze, hard rime, soft rime, hoar frost, and snow and sleet. In all types of ice accretions, glaze grown in a wet regime is of the greatest danger to the transmission lines. Meteorological conditions, terrain and geographic conditions, and some other factors significantly influence the ice accumulation speed and the ice amount. Drastic decrease of mechanical property and electric property as a result of severe icing is the main reason for ice accidents. The amount of ice, the asymmetrical ice accretion, and the asynchronous ice shedding can considerably change the conductor strain, conductor sag, variation amount of the span, displacement of the insulator string, and the tension difference. The amount and type of ice, the uniformity of ice accumulation, and the con- ductivity of freezing water have significant influence on the flashover voltage of ice-covered insulators.

穿孔扩张消声结构的声场传递矩阵研究

基于管道声学理论,分析了气流和声波同时通过穿孔孔径的穿孔管扩张消声结构的声传递基理,通过等效物理模型简化与单元划分,推导其声场传递矩阵,理论计算与实验结果对比表明,所建数学模型具有较高的预测精度。

电缆传输定向射孔技术试验

长庆油田定向井井斜角变化范围大，现有的定向射孔技术无法满足施工要求，且均需油管传输射孔，施工效率低，对井斜角要求较高，工艺适应性差，为此需要研究新型定向射孔技术。分析认为制约定向射孔工艺适应性和效率的核心因素是油管传输工艺，取代油管传输是新技术研究的关键。研发了定位器，形成了“定位器定位＋陀螺仪定向＋电缆传输”新型定向射孔技术，该技术以定位器为基准，实现定深度、定方向，全程使用电缆起下工具。现场试验80余井次，施工成功率100％，作业周期缩短了75％，并适用于全部定向井。该技术适用于井斜角在15°～25°间的定向井，可进一步推广应用。

隔板对汽车微穿孔管消声器声学特性的影响

为分析隔板对微穿孔管消声器声学特性的影响,该文首先通过试验验证微穿孔管消声器传递损失数值计算方法,然后建立带隔板微穿孔管消声器传递损失的理论模型并利用数值方法进行验证,最后基于理论模型分析了隔板对微穿孔管消声器传递损失的影响。分析发现,隔板位置影响主消声频带及传递损失大小,隔板越靠近中间位置,第一拱形衰减域向高频扩大,且传递损失越大;隔板数目增加,传递损失相应增大,但当隔板数目达到一定值时传递损失不再显著增大;在简单微穿孔管消声器内加隔板后,可以适当缩短膨胀腔长度,而不会明显降低该消声器消声性能,此方法可大大降低消声器的轴向长度,对微穿孔管消声器的优化设计具有指导意义。

用传递矩阵法分析水下穿孔板结构的透声特性

穿孔板吸声结构在空气噪声控制和改造方面得到了广泛的应用,但关于穿孔板结构水下应用的研究和报道却很少。利用传递矩阵法详细分析了水下穿孔板结构的透声特性,理论推导得出了垂直入射声压透射系数随频率变化的关系式。对典型的双层穿孔板结构的透声特性进行了仿真,并对影响声压透射系数的各项因素进行了分析与讨论。设计并搭建了驻波管测试系统,利用基于四传感器的传递函数法对自制的双层穿孔板结构进行了测量。垂直入射声压透射系数的测量值与理论计算值基本吻合,从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

穿孔管消声器有流声学性能的数值预测

应用穿孔声阻抗新模型和有流三维有限元方法,预测穿孔管消声器的传递损失,并在消声器试验台上采用双负载法测量消声器的传递损失,预测结果和试验结果吻合良好,表明穿孔声阻抗新模型适用于穿孔管消声器有流声学性能预测。穿孔管消声器传递损失结果显示,随着气流马赫数增加,消声频带有向高频段延伸的趋势,同时通过频率处和高频范围的传递损失也有明显提高。

鼓膜穿孔对中耳传音功能影响的实验观察

目的通过观察豚鼠鼓膜不同位点的振动情况及穿孔前后锤骨柄不同位点的振动改变情况，初步探讨鼓膜穿孔对中耳传音机制的影响。方法采用6只新鲜豚鼠颞骨标本，采用直径1．1mm的静脉留置针穿刺左耳鼓膜前下方和／或右耳鼓膜后下方并旋转一周造孔；于鼓膜造孔前后给予强度为90dBSPL、0．5～8kHz共14个频率的声刺激，利用激光多普勒振动仪检测系统测量完整鼓膜不同位点的振动速度及不同位置鼓膜穿孔前后锤骨柄不同位点的振动速度。完整鼓膜上六个测量位点分别为锤骨柄上的脐部、锤骨中部、短突及鼓膜紧张部上锤骨柄内侧、外侧、下部的三个点。结果完整鼓膜所测六个位点中位于脐部下方的位点振动速度最大。鼓膜穿孔前后脐部振动的频率响应曲线的形状基本相似，1．5kHz以下频率范围内振动损失较明显，1．5kHz以上频率范围内振动损失减轻甚至增加。鼓膜后下方穿孔后0．5kHz频率处脐部振动损失最大，损失值为7dB。1．5kHz以下频率范围内鼓膜后下方穿孔引起的脐部振动损失比前下方穿孔大，但差异无统计学意义。在所测频率范围内锤骨短突与鼓膜脐部振动速度之比的均值均为0．5，鼓膜穿孔对这一比值未造成明显影响，不同部位鼓膜穿孔的影响也无统计学差异。结论鼓膜穿孔对鼓膜振动所造成的损失有频率依赖性，频率越低损失越严重。不同位置的鼓膜小穿孔对其传音功能的影响无统计学差异。

计及气流的同轴穿孔管排气消声器消声性能的研究

基于传递矩阵法,推导基本传递矩阵建立数学模型,运用Matlab数学编程软件编制程序,仿真计算了轴向穿孔管消声器的插入损失随频率、结构参数变化的三维图以及气流速度和温度对消声性能影响的三维图,仿真结果表明:穿孔率、穿孔管壁厚、气流速度和温度对消声器消声性能有着重要影响,这对消声器设计及改进有着重要的指导意义。