基于SWMM和LISFLOOD-FP的城市内涝耦合模型研究

以柳州市箭盘山流域为例,构建SWMM一维管道模型与LISFLOOD-FP二维地面模型并将其耦合,基于实测降雨“20180818”24 h暴雨资料,将得到的暴雨内涝淹没水深和淹没面积与该场次降雨情况下记录淹没点的范围相比较,验证耦合模型具有较好的适用性。进而基于耦合模型,对柳州市箭盘山流域2、5、10、20年一遇下设计降雨进行模拟,得到不同重现期下研究区的溢流节点、淹没水深和淹没面积,并于ARCGIS平台将结果可视化。结果表明,重现期由2年上升到20年过程中,溢流节点比例从9.03%增加至25.99%,溢流面积从0.473 km^(2)增加至2.114 km^(2);重点淹没区域分布在屏山大道、炮团路、西江路和东堤路。

基于FP-growth算法的交通事故数据关联规则挖掘研究

为了探寻多种事故影响因素共同作用下诱发交通事故的某种规律以及各因素间的关系,本文采用FP-growth算法对收集到的交通事故数据进行分析研究,挖掘其中的潜在价值信息,找出事故发生的原因,根据分析结果给相关部门提出建议,帮助城市交通管理者制定更有效的管理措施,以达到降低交通事故发生频率的目的。

基于FP-growth的老年行人交通事故损伤致因研究

为研究老年行人交通事故相关因素及其对损伤程度的影响,以中国交通事故深度调查数据库中2013—2023年710起机动车-老年行人事故为分析对象,利用FP-growth算法挖掘出4类影响因素28个类型变量共5594项关联规则。研究结果表明:行人年龄、碰撞速度、事故时间段及事故地点是影响老年行人事故死亡率的显著因素。特别是,行人年龄和碰撞速度对死亡率有显著影响,随着碰撞速度的增加,死亡率显著上升;60岁及以上老年行人年龄每增加1岁,其死亡率提升0.037倍。此外,事故发生在夜间、郊区或村庄的死亡率更高。研究结果可为提高老年行人交通安全,制定相关安全措施提供一定参考。

FPC用改性丙烯酸酯胶粘剂的固化研究

改性丙烯酸酯类胶粘剂应用于挠性印制电路板(FPC)及其基材时,其固化程度对性能有着决定性的影响。本文以自制的环氧树脂改性的丙烯酸酯类胶粘剂为例,通过动态差示扫描量热仪(DSC)从理论上分析其非等温固化的动力学行为,以研究其在室温时的储存稳定性和高温固化的工艺条件。然后通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)研究其在室温以及125~300℃温度范围内的固化反应历程,以保证该胶粘剂应用于FPC的热固性胶膜/片的固化性能或效果。研究结果表明:(1)通过非等温DSC测试,确定了改性丙烯酸酯胶粘剂的固化动力学方程,由此推算其在10~50℃的常规储存温度下的反应速率常数K值低至10^(-5) min^(-1)级别及以下,具有优异的B阶稳定性;同时在180℃及以上的K值达到10^(-1) min^(-1)级别,可以满足其高温烘烤迅速固化的使用要求。(2)由动态DSC测试得到的三种特征温度,进而推算本胶膜的理论固化温度为182℃,且在此温度下实现100%固化需时约100 min,并通过DSC测试进行了验证。(3)通过FT-IR对比验证了以上高温固化的反应历程,其在200℃处理后环氧基基本反应完全,这与以上分析的结果一致。

基于CFN-MPS200模块的[^(18)F]氟-FP-CIT合成与质量分析

目的:合成多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂[^(18)F]氟-氮-(3-氟丙基)-2β-甲酯基-3β-(4'-碘苯基)去甲基托烷([^(18)F]氟-FP-CIT),并进行质量控制分析。方法:^(18)F^(-)与氮-(3'-甲基黄酰氧基丙基)-2β-甲酯基-3β-(4'-碘苯基)去甲托烷2β-甲酯基-3β-(4-碘苯基)降托烷发生亲核取代以获得产品。采用高效液相色谱进行分离,再以C_(18)小柱进行纯化,得到成品。结果:不校正产率(EOS)≥15%(n=8),合成时间<60 min,产品的放化纯度>98%。结论:[^(18)F]氟-FP-CIT可以用CFN-MPS200多功能合成模块全自动稳定合成,并有较高的工艺稳定性和产率,避免了工作人员被辐照的风险,产品符合GMP要求,满足临床和动物实验研究。

基于FP-tree的新能源汽车产业国际竞争力影响因素关联挖掘算法

为充分挖掘新能源汽车产业国际竞争力影响因素、探究价值增长点,提出了基于FP-tree的影响因素关联挖掘算法。通过构建国际竞争力各指标影响因素的关联规则,分析任意事务数据集中的关联数据,利用最小支持度参数minsup按照从上到下的方式搜索,确定最长的频繁项目集,采用FP-tree关联频繁项目集,设定分支关联性挖掘标准,实现了新能源汽车产业国际竞争力影响因素的挖掘。测试结果表明,设计算法的最小支持度和数据关联挖掘时间较短,置信度分析具有较高的稳定性。

农村医疗保险的减贫效应研究——基于CFPS 2018的实证分析

基于中国家庭追踪调查2018年(CFPS 2018)的数据,以相对贫困线作为贫困标准,采用二元Logistic模型实证评估农村医疗保险制度的减贫效应及其异质性。整体样本回归结果表明,农村医疗保险减贫效应显著,在相对贫困线标准下降低了43.0%的贫困发生率。异质性分析结果表明,农村医疗保险减贫效应在年龄、性别方面存在差异:在年龄方面,农村医疗保险对于中老年人的减贫效应更为显著;在性别方面,农村医疗保险对于女性的减贫效应总体高于男性。为了充分发挥农村居民医疗保险减贫的制度效能,建议:优化医疗保险内部制度设计,强化经济绩效;下沉优质医疗卫生资源,提高健康绩效;建立长效机制,提高医疗保险减贫效应精准性。

用于高压测量的MEMS硅-玻光纤FP压力传感器

研究了一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术用于高压测量的硅-玻光纤法布里-珀罗(FP)压力传感器。该传感器以硅材料作为敏感元件,将电感耦合等离子体(ICP)干法刻蚀后的单晶硅膜片和高硼硅玻璃阳极键合构成FP腔。传感头使用MEMS技术批量制造,结构稳定、抗过载能力强、在高压环境下不容易失效。实验结果表明,该传感器能够实现30 MPa的高压压力测量,灵敏度为46.94 nm/MPa,线性拟合度为0.99897,测量结果具有较好的一致性和可靠性,所设计的压力传感器在高压检测方面有很强的应用前景。

西妥昔单抗联合FP方案对中晚期食管癌的效果

目的 探讨西妥昔单抗联合5-氟尿嘧啶+顺铂(5-fluorouracil+cisplatin,FP)方案对中晚期食管癌患者肿瘤标志物及外周血磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶信号通路关键蛋白(phosphatidylinositol3 kinase,PI3K)、蛋白激酶B信号通路关键蛋白(phosphorylated protein kinase B,pAKT)、微小核糖核酸-21(microribonucleic acid-21,miR-21)表达水平的影响。方法 将中晚期食管癌患者80例作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组40例。A组给予FP方案治疗,B组在A组治疗的基础上加用西妥昔单抗。3周为1个周期,连续治疗4个周期。比较2组治疗后的临床疗效,治疗前、后的生存质量、功能状态、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)、可溶性E-钙黏蛋白(soluble E-cadherin,sE-Cad)、肿瘤标志物、PI3K、pAKT及miR-21和治疗期间的安全性。结果 治疗4个周期后,2组的总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组欧洲癌症研究组织生存质量测定表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnair,EORTC QLQ-C30)和卡氏功能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分均升高,且B组高于A组;血清bFGF、sE-Cad、鳞状细胞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antige,SCC)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原(cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen21-1,CYFRA21-1)、外周血PI3K、pAKT和miR-21水平均降低,且B组低于A组(P<0.05)。2组治疗期间不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 西妥昔单抗联合FP方案可有效降低中晚期食管癌患者肿瘤标志物水平,调节相关因子水平,改善患者血管内皮功能,进而提高患者生存质量及功能状态,临床疗效和安全性良好。

Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei

Light levels determine regeneration in stands and a key concern is how to regulate the light environment of different stand types to the requirements of the understory.In this study,we selected three stands typical in south China(a Cryptomeria japonica plantation,a Quercus acutissima plantation,and a mixed stand of both)and three thinning intensities to determine the best understory light environ-ment for 3-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings.The canopy structure,understory light environment,and photosynthe-sis and growth indicators were assessed following thin-ning.Thinning improved canopy structure and understory light availability of each stand;species composition was the reason for differences in the understory light environ-ment.Under the same thinning intensity,the mixed stand had the greatest light radiation and most balanced spectral composition.P.bournei photosynthesis and growth were closely related to the light environment;all three stands required heavy thinning to create an effective and sustained understory light environment.In a suitable understory light environment,the efficiency of light interception,absorption,and use by seedlings was enhanced,resulting in a higher carbon assimilation the main limiting factor was stomatal conductance.As a shade-avoidance signal,red/far-red radia-tion is a critical factor driving changes in photosynthesis and growth of P.bournei seedlings,and a reduction increased light absorption and use capacity and height:diameter ratios.The growth advantage transformed from diameter to height,enabling seedlings to access more light.Our findings suggest that the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as P.bournei could be enhanced if a targeted approach to thinning based on stand type was adopted.

Gorenstein强FP-内射模

首先,借助内射模的零调复形和Hom函子的理论,引入Gorenstein强FP-内射模的概念.其次,利用马蹄引理和构造拉回图的方法,研究Gorenstein强FP-内射模的同调性质,证明Gorenstein强FP-内射模类GS FI是内射可解类,关于直积及直和项封闭,并且如果任意R-模的Gorenstein强FP-内射维数有限,则(⊥GS FI,GS FI)构成完全遗传的余挠对.

Prescribed Performance Tracking Control of Time-Delay Nonlinear Systems With Output Constraints

The problem of prescribed performance tracking control for unknown time-delay nonlinear systems subject to output constraints is dealt with in this paper. In contrast with related works, only the most fundamental requirements, i.e., boundedness and the local Lipschitz condition, are assumed for the allowable time delays. Moreover, we focus on the case where the reference is unknown beforehand, which renders the standard prescribed performance control designs under output constraints infeasible. To conquer these challenges, a novel robust prescribed performance control approach is put forward in this paper.Herein, a reverse tuning function is skillfully constructed and automatically generates a performance envelop for the tracking error. In addition, a unified performance analysis framework based on proof by contradiction and the barrier function is established to reveal the inherent robustness of the control system against the time delays. It turns out that the system output tracks the reference with a preassigned settling time and good accuracy,without constraint violations. A comparative simulation on a two-stage chemical reactor is carried out to illustrate the above theoretical findings.

基于MLIR的FP8量化模拟与推理内存优化

随着目标检测模型和语言大模型的迅速发展,网络模型正变得越来越庞大。为了更好地在端侧硬件上进行模型部署,通常采用模型量化技术对模型进行压缩。现有的模型量化策略主要基于FP16,BF16和INT8等类型实现。其中,8bit数据类型在降低推理内存占用与部署开销方面最为显著,但INT8类型依赖特定的校准算法,未能很好地处理动态范围大、离群点多的模型。FP8类型能够更好地拟合神经网络中的数据分布,同时具有多种数制,可在表达范围和表达精度上灵活调整。然而,当前MLIR系统缺乏对FP8类型量化的支持。为此,提出了一种基于MLIR系统的FP8量化模拟策略,包含FP8E4M3和FP8E5M2两种数制,通过对网络中的算子进行量化模拟,评估FP8两种数制对模型推理精度的影响。同时,针对推理引擎中存在的内存分配冗余问题,提出了一种基于定义使用链的内存复用策略,使得模型推理过程中的内存占用峰值进一步减小。实验选取了典型的Yolov5s和Resnet50模型进行测试,结果表明相较于现有的INT8量化策略,FP8量化策略能够保持更好的模型精度,同时不依赖特定校准算法,部署更为简便。在模型精度上,测试用例分别达到了55.5%和77.8%的准确度,经过内存复用优化,内存占用峰值降低了约15%~20%。

不同工况和应用场景下CAES-CFP三联产系统特性分析

To meet the goal of worldwide decarbonization,the transformation process toward clean and green energy structures has accelerated.In this context,coal-fired power plant(CFPP)and large-scale energy storage represented by compressed air energy storage(CAES)technology,are tasked with increasing renewable resource accommodation and maintaining the power system security.To achieve this,this paper proposes the concept of a CFPP-CAES combined cycle and a trigenerative system based on that.Considering the working conditions of the CFPP,thermal characteristics of three typical operation modes were studied and some general regularities were identified.The results of various potential integration schemes discussion indicated that extracting water from low-temperature points in the feedwater system to cool pressurized air and simultaneously increase the backwater temperature is beneficial for improving performance.In addition,preheating the pressurized air before the air expanders via lowgrade water in the feedwater system as much as possible and reducing extracted steam contribute to increasing the efficiency.With the optimal integration scheme,2.85 tonnes of coal can be saved per cycle and the round-trip efficiency can be increased by 2.24%.Through the cogeneration of heat and power,the system efficiency can reach 77.5%.In addition,the contribution degree of the three compression heat utilization methods to the performance improvement ranked from high to low,is preheating the feedwater before the boiler,supplying heat,and flowing into the CFPP feedwater system.In the cooling energy generation mode,the system efficiency can be increased to over 69%.Regardless of the operation mode,the benefit produced by integration is further enhanced when the CFPP operates at higher operating conditions because the coupling points parameters are changed.In addition,the dynamic payback period can be shortened by 11.33 years and the internal rate of return increases by 5.20%under a typical application scenario.Regarding the effect of different application scenarios in terms of economics,investing in the proposed system is more appropriate in regions with multiple energy demands,especially heating demand.These results demonstrate the technical advantages of the proposed system and provide guiding principles for its design,operation,and project investment.

基于CFD的FPSO风载荷规范计算适用性研究

[目的]目前,设计人员多使用针对大型油轮的OCIMF规范和针对海上平台的API规范对FPSO风载荷进行计算,但因FPSO船舶上层建筑更为复杂,需进一步研究这2种规范对于FPSO风载荷计算的适用性。[方法]建立具有通用型上部模块的某30万吨级大型FPSO数值模型,对恶劣海况下不同风向角、横倾角下的FPSO所受风载荷进行数值模拟,分析其中存在的遮蔽效应;与规范计算结果进行对比分析,讨论在风载荷作用下FPSO受到的横倾力矩。[结果]结果显示,船舶正浮状态受到的最大风载荷和横倾力矩出现在270°风向角;船舶横倾状态下受到的风载荷和横倾力矩比正浮状态更大,最大横倾力矩出现在10.5°横倾角280°风向角;采用API规范和OCIMF规范得到的FPSO风载荷计算结果与CFD计算结果相差较大,二者在270°风向角的结果与CFD分别相差13.6%和24.5%。[结论]数值仿真给出的流场细节有利于分析上部模块间的遮蔽效应,能够较为准确地预报船舶所受到的风载荷,可以为考虑遮蔽效应的FPSO稳性设计提供参考。

基于FP-Growth算法的直流输电系统阀基电子设备缺陷关联性分析

换流阀控制设备作为直流输电系统的核心设备,对其阀基电子设备进行缺陷异常分析是保证直流输电系统稳定可靠运行的基础。提出一种基于FP-Growth算法的直流输电阀基电子设备缺陷关联性分析方法。首先基于阀基电子设备的基本结构与原理,采集阀基电子设备缺陷数据;接着对原始数据进行预处理,量化编码后导入FP-Growth算法,通过构建FP-Tree,计算其支持度和置信度,分析阀基电子设备的缺陷特征和影响因素以及各元件之间的关联关系。该方法能高效智能实现对直流输电系统核心设备缺陷的关联分析及故障溯源,为运维人员检修策略的制定提供了理论依据。最后以实际直流输电系统换流阀阀基电子设备缺陷数据仿真算例对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。

Unveiling Organic Electrode Materials in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries:From Structural Design to Electrochemical Performance

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the most compelling alternatives of lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety and economics viability.In response to the growing demand for green and sustainable energy storage solutions,organic electrodes with the scalability from inexpensive starting materials and potential for biodegradation after use have become a prominent choice for AZIBs.Despite gratifying progresses of organic molecules with electrochemical performance in AZIBs,the research is still in infancy and hampered by certain issues due to the underlying complex electrochemistry.Strategies for designing organic electrode materials for AZIBs with high specific capacity and long cycling life are discussed in detail in this review.Specifically,we put emphasis on the unique electrochemistry of different redox-active structures to provide in-depth understanding of their working mechanisms.In addition,we highlight the importance of molecular size/dimension regarding their profound impact on electrochemical performances.Finally,challenges and perspectives are discussed from the developing point of view for future AZIBs.We hope to provide a valuable evaluation on organic electrode materials for AZIBs in our context and give inspiration for the rational design of high-performance AZIBs.

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

With the improvement of equipment reliability,human factors have become the most uncertain part in the system.The standardized Plant Analysis of Risk-Human Reliability Analysis(SPAR-H)method is a reliable method in the field of human reliability analysis(HRA)to evaluate human reliability and assess risk in large complex systems.However,the classical SPAR-H method does not consider the dependencies among performance shaping factors(PSFs),whichmay cause overestimation or underestimation of the risk of the actual situation.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new method to deal with the dependencies among PSFs in SPAR-H based on the Pearson correlation coefficient.First,the dependence between every two PSFs is measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient.Second,the weights of the PSFs are obtained by considering the total dependence degree.Finally,PSFs’multipliers are modified based on the weights of corresponding PSFs,and then used in the calculating of human error probability(HEP).A case study is used to illustrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于改进FP-Growth算法和贝叶斯的营业线施工安全风险分析

铁路营业线施工事故致因因素众多且存在关联关系,挖掘事故致因之间的关联关系和因果关系对事故的预防管控具有重要意义。通过文本挖掘对2010—2022年某路局营业线事故调查报告进行处理,提取出51个事故致因因素。基于事故因果连锁理论将致因因素分为人因层、设备层、环境层、管理层4个层级进行分层分析,构建铁路营业线施工事故致因体系。基于压缩算法和差分编码对传统FP-Growth算法进行改进,以此对铁路营业线施工事故致因进行挖掘,找到满足提升度要求的高支持度关联规则和高置信度关联规则,发现关键致因关联和事故致因规律。基于贝叶斯网络理论、致因关联关系和专家经验建立营业线施工安全风险贝叶斯网络,结合复杂网络理论分析网络节点度、聚类系数与节点介数等特征,找到关键致因因素。在此基础上,运用因果推理和故障诊断推理进一步剖析营业线施工过程中的高风险致因,并从“人防、物防、技防”3方面提出预防管控措施。案例结果表明:施工人员操作不当、施工造成接触网故障、施工导致设施设备侵限、施工作业损害电缆设备、施工造成轨道电路故障和施工、检修、清扫设备耽误列车类事故之间的关联关系较为频繁,且为红光带事故的高概率致因,在施工作业过程中应多层次重点预防管控。研究成果为铁路营业线施工安全管理提供一种新的风险分析方法。

Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence

Precipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice,changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models' performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario.Thereafter, it may decrease(or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold(or is extensively constrained).