Do auditors perform governance functions？ A research on the change of performance notice

Whether auditors provide high-quality audit services has been a concern of academics for a long time, but it has not clear answer. In this paper the author studies this problem from the real basis of audit activities, in view of an endless stream of the performance of listed companies notice ＂change＂ phenomenon. The author finds that auditing is the important reasons of listed companies notice ＂change＂, auditor can improve disclosure quality, is the gatekeeper to accounting information. The author also finds that there may be exist collusion of listed company with auditor, SEC should enhance inspection of the implementation of listed companies notice of earnings.

Testing the governance-performance relationship for the Tunisian banks: a GMM in system analysis

Rationale:This study aims to contribute to settling the lack of consensus regarding the determinants of bank performance,not only by considering bank governance,but also by including factors such as CEO compensation and risk management committee.Previous literature has included bank governance and considered only large banks in their surveys.The exclusion of other factors such as small-and medium-size banks may render the findings of these studies limited in applicability.Objective:The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of internal governance on bank performance.Methodology:To achieve this goal,we used annual data of a sample of ten Tunisian commercial banks listed in the Tunisian Stock Exchange observed during the period 1998–2015.We use the Generalized Method of Moments(GMM)to estimate the parameters of our econometric model.Results:Our study finds that the correlation between the size of the board of directors,the state’s inclusion,and the presence of independent directors is positive and significant.On the other hand,we have found that CEO compensation,as well as foreign and institutional investors negatively affect the performance of the banks.Conclusions and implications:Tunisian banks are invited to broaden their size through appropriate restructuring,adopt new remuneration policies and define the optimal number of directors representing the state within the board of directors.Our results suggest managerial implications that can be of great value to ensuring the success of Tunisian banks.The latter should favor a higher presence of independent directors to reduce the bank control ineffectiveness caused by having a significant number of foreign and institutional investors in the board of directors.

Impact of environmental governance PPP project on government performance from the perspective of value co-creation

Under the background of public-private cooperation in environmental governance,there are conflicts in the value of governance subjects based on differences in objectives and behavior heterogeneity.From the perspective of value co-creation theory,the questionnaire data and correlation structure measurement linked list are used to investigate the internal mechanism of value co-creation behavior affecting government performance.The results of the study show that value co-creation behavior has a significant positive impact on government performance,and partnership plays a mediating role in value co-creation behavior and government performance.The study reveals that whether value co-creation behavior can affect government performance depends on the partnership among the government,enterprises and the public,and the participants realize the interest demands to form value co-creation behavior,and innovate the realization path to improve government performance.This paper expands the research perspective of the influencing factors of value co-creation behavior,deepens the value cognition of multi-subject behavior,and provides a theoretical reference for environmental governance and improving government performance.

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Banks Performance and Loan Quality： Evidence From Italian Cooperative Banks

In the banking system, a context characterized by growing instability and by the speed of evolution of business dynamics, the system of corporate governance plays a key role, both for large banks and for banks with a smaller size. The paper aims to investigate the influence of corporate governance of the banks that operate in the cooperative credit system on performance and quality of loans, over the years 2010-2011-2012. In order to achieve this aim, the following research hypotheses have been formulated： There is a statistically significant relationship between the size and the structure of the board and banks Performance operating in the cooperative credit system; there is a statistically significant relationship between the size and structure of the board and the credit quality of banks operating in the cooperative credit system. The analysis is conducted on a sample composed of 48 Italian banks, divided into 24 cooperative banks and 24 popular banks. The sample is made up of banks from all over Italy and very different in terms of dimension. For the sample construction, data relative to governance of banks were collected from the balance sheets in the period from June to August 2014. Financial-economic data were collected from the Financial Statements and from Bankscope database. The methodology of analysis is based on multivariate OLS （ordinary least squares） regression models. The main results refer to the presence of significant relationships between board dimension and the quality of loans and among the number of committees and performance and the quality of loans. The presence of a significant and negative relationship between the board dimension and the ratio of impaired loans to gross loans indicates the possibility that enlargement of board dimension allows a better quality of loans. The presence of a positive relationship between the number of committees and the ratio of impaired loans to gross loans signals the possibility that a greater number of committees can produce a worse quality of loans. The presence of a negative relationship between the number of committees and bank performance suggests to limit and manage the complexity of governance in banks operating in the cooperative credit system.

The effect of leadership on performance management, good governance, internal and external satisfaction in study programs

Rapid changes in business environment have increased the needs of graduates who have capabilities of anticipating to the changes. The faculty, especially at the level of study program, has an important role in affecting the quality of graduates, because the study program is the core element in the higher education institution which involves directly in planning, organizing, executing and controlling the teaching and learning activities. This dissertation is to examine the effect of leadership on performance management and good governance, and also to examine the effect of performance management and good governance on internal and external satisfaction. The data for this causal research is collected by questionnaire. Unit of analysis in this research is all study programs in all accredited faculty of economics in East Java. The respondents are academic staffs, students and administrative staffs in the study program. There were 83 of 125 accredited study program which has been successfully contacted and agreed to participate in the research. There were 900 students and 285 academic staffs filling up the questionnaires. The data analysis is conducted by Path Analysis with the SPSS 11.5 version software to measure construct validity and reliability and to test causal relationships between variables in the model. The findings of the research showed that： （1） Leadership affects performance management significantly; （2） Leadership affects good governance significantly; （3） Leadership affects internal satisfaction significantly; （4） Performance management affects internal satisfaction; （5） Good governance significantly affects external satisfaction; （6） Internal satisfaction does not affect external satisfaction. Based on the findings in this research, it is suggested that the study programs take into account the implementation of performance management in order to undertake improvement continuously considering that performance management supports the quality assurance activity. It is also suggested that the faculty implements good governance formally. However, the implementation should empower the study program to undertake the improvement.

Relationships Between Corporate Governance and Perceived Financial Performance of Firms： A Study

Corporations should have strong capital to sustain their operations. Investors should feel safe and be able to have access to accurate information about firms to invest their capital in those firms. These two factors are vital issues for the sustainability of corporations in the 21st century business. With the proper establishment of corporate governance practices, investors will be protected and feel safe and then a trust will develop, capital inflow will be facilitated and ultimately corporations with stronger financial foundations will emerge. A questionnaire was applied in this study to investigate the relationships between the corporate governance and perceived financial performance of the top 100 manufacturing firms operating in the Kayseri Organized Industrial Region. The results revealed that the number of employees had significant effects on the corporate governance and perceived financial performance scores of the firms and institutionalization level also affected perceived financial performance. The other independent variables （sectoral distribution, finn age, and export/revenue ratio） did not have any significant effects on corporate governance and perceived financial performance scores of the firms.

Corporate governance mechanisms and performance： Analysis of Malaysian family and non-family controlled companies

Most study concentrating on family and non-family companies is conducted overseas with little research carried out in Malaysia. This study examined the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. The sample size of this study is 730 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2003 to 2007. The findings reveal that corporate governance mechanisms influence the family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. But not all corporate governance mechanisms are significant. The significant variables differ between family and non-family controlled companies. Thus, regulators need to be vigilant that family and non-family controlled companies practise differently and to set different code needed for each type of families.

Causal Relationship Model of Firm Characteristics Factors and Good Cooperate Governance Affecting the Performance of the Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand

The objective of this research was to develop the causal relationship model of firm characteristics factors and good corporate governance affecting the performance of the companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The developed model consisted of three latent variables and eight observable variables. The sample of this study was 338 companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Data are from annual reports （form-56）, annual financial statements and notes to the fmancial statements during the years 2010-2013. The statistics used in this study were descriptive statistics. The causal model was analyzed through a path analysis with LISREL 8.80 Student Edition. The results showed as follows. By testing the consistence of the causal model of finn characteristics （CHA）, the assumed model was consistent with empirical data. Based on the statistical test, the Chi-Square was 22.08. The statistical probability （p） was 0.077, the degree of freedom （dO was to 0, 2/2 was 1.58, RMSEA was 0.041, SRMR was 0.037, GFI was 0.98, CFI was 0.99, AGFI was 0.96. The latent variable of firm characteristics （CHA） had directly negative impact on performance （PAL） with a statistical significance level of 0.01. A path coefficient was 0.18. However, CHA variable did not indirectly influence performance （PAL） and it had directly negative impact on good corporate governance （GGN） with a path coefficient of 0.02 without statistical significance level. The latent variable of good corporate governance （GGN） had directly positive impact on the performance （PAL） with a statistical significance level of 0.05, with a path coefficient of 0.18.

An Empirical Research on the Relationship between Board of Directors Governance and Corporate Performance of Chinese Public Companies

Board of directors is an important component part of corporate governance. As a governance mechanism, we empirically study relationship among the scale of the board of directors, the structure of the board of directors and the duality leadership structure with corporate performance in Chinese public companies. The result shows that the smaller scale of the board of the directors is, the better performance is. With the ownership structure changing better, the structure of the board of directors will change better and promote the performance. The duality leadership structure doesn＇t affect the corporate performance. The fundamental method for the governance effectiveness of the board is to set up the reasonable ownership structure and the marketing mechanism for occurrences in human .

The Governance Structure and Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organizations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empirical analysis of the governance structure and performance of agricultural cooperative economic organizations. The results show that the ownership structure has the most critical impact on the performance of cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is as high as 0.92; the importance of oversight mechanism is basically equivalent to that of the council structure for cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is 0.87 and 0.86,respectively,second only to the ownership structure; the size of members' quit capacity also has a very important impact on the performance of organizations,with impact coefficient of 0.74. Thus,the problems influencing the performance of organizations,in the current governance structure of agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,are pointed out. Finally,corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

A New Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Model for the Best Practices ofUSA＇s Corporate Governance

In this paper, the authors study the association between firms＇ specific characteristics and performances for a sample of 320 American firms using a governance efficiency index, calculated by the stochastic frontier analysis. The use of a latent class in the specification of the model, allowed detecting two groups of firms according to their specific characteristics： the firm size, the leverage, the dividend yield, and the return on equity （ROE）. The results of affectation equation show that the probability to be in the second group （the most efficient） is more important when the firm size, the dividend yield, and the ROE are high, while a high leverage level decreases the chance to be in the first group （the less efficient）.

Government-oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of Social Governance

This paper firstly summed up institutional change of land circulation after the foundation of new China,analyzed main characteristics and internal drawbacks of government-oriented land circulation,discussed the governance cost of local government-oriented land circulation,and evaluated the governance performance on the basis of the transaction cost theory. Results show that local government-oriented land circulation is a resource allocation mode for maximizing benefits of an organization,and its microscopic functions and values are mainly encouragement and restriction,while its macroscopic functions are comprehensive administration of results of state policies. Finally,it put forward policy suggestions for improving local government-oriented land circulation: cultivating diversified rural land circulation modes and regulating acts of local officials; stressing that building harmonious land circulation mechanism is the responsibility of central government; setting up recognition mechanism of the public to local government.

Corporate Governance and the Financial Value of Financially Distressed Listed Companies

The article combines the background of Chinese system, theoretically derivates the relationship between corporate governance and their financial value, selects a sample of loss listed companies from 2003 to 2009, and studies how the level of corporate governance affects the value of listed company losses. Research results show that, among corporate governance factors, the largest shareholder and the market for corporate control have obvious positive effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; the proportion of state-owned shares, the type of audit opinion, and corporate govemance factors have obvious negative effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; and managerial ownership, the proportion of independent directors, and the size of the board have no obvious driving effect on the financial value of loss listed companies.

Do Company Directors Underestimate the Adoption of Corporate Governance Provisions？ A Survey Approach

This paper examines whether company directors underestimate the adoption of corporate governance provisions within Ghanaian listed firms. Using a survey approach, the respondents, who were company executives and non-executive directors with knowledge of the Ghanaian Code and its provisions, regard the code as a benchmark for good corporate governance practices within Ghanaian listed firms. They also report some improvement in the standard of corporate governance in their companies since the introduction of the Code. Many of the company directors indicated their preparedness to comply with further corporate governance requirements, such as the adoption of a formal nomination committee something not been currently included in the Ghanaian Code. However, the directors noted that they receive inadequate support from the regulatory and institutional bodies for the implementation of the Ghanaian Code provisions. Many of the directors also supported the review of the Ghanaian Code by an independent committee. With regard to the adoption of the Ghanaian Code and its influence on firm performance, the respondents indicated that the adoption of the specific governance provisions in the area of chief executive officer （CEO）/chairman roles separation, having a balance of executive and non-executive directors on the board, the establishment of audit and remuneration committees, and the full adoption of the Ghanaian Code provisions were all influential in determining firm performance. They, however, did not support the adoption of the board size provision as influential to firm performance. This raises questions about the usefulness of the range of board size as recommended by the Ghanaian Code.

Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Sociological Analysis Based on Chinese Experience

Based on the 1997-2007 panel data of 676 listed companies and in-depth interviews with the senior executives, independent directors, fund managers and securities analysts of these companies, this paper tries to analyze the relationship between corporate govemance and firm performance from a sociological perspective. The results show that the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in the Chinese institutional environment is sharply different from the predictions of the agency theory. The empirical findings from China lend strong support to the new institutional argument that ＂besf＇ corporate governance practices are socially ＂constructed＂ by various social forces and interests groups in specific social, political and cultural contexts, and how ＂good＂ a corporate governance practice is depends to a large extent on whether it fits in with the institutional environment in which it is embedded. There exists no universally ＂best＂ model of corporate governance across the world. Our empirical sociological study based on Chinese experience offers new perspectives and evidence for deconstructing the global myth ofcoroorate ~ovemance.

Effects of Location Diversification and Corporate Governance on Multinational Enterprises＇ Financial Performance and Risk-taking： Evidence from Taiwan Residents Enterprises

This study investigates the location choice performance of foreign direct investment （FD1） originating from small- and medium-sized multinational enterprises established in newly industrialized economies. In this study we integrate location diversification, breadth and corporate governance to examine the performance of Taiwan Residents enterprises investing in Chinese mainland. Examining Taiwan Residents manufacturing enterprises from foundational, traditional and high-technology aspects, our findings demonstrate the following： （i） diversifying the location choice negatively affects the return of assets; （ii） investments in regions with an abundant population positively affect the performance of Taiwan Residents traditional manufacturing enterprises; and （iii） a higher percentage of insider hoMings in Taiwan Residents enterprises results in better FDl performance. We conclude that the performance of FDI originating from Taiwan Residents enterprises varies depending on industrial and governance characteristics. We suggest that the location choice for Taiwan FDI in Chinese mainland should be determined by the characteristics of the industry. Chinese mainland should attract multinational enterprises from emerging markets according to the characteristics of regions.

Carbon accounting system:the bridge between carbon governance and carbon performance in Malaysian Companies

Introduction:Research has shown the negative impacts of climate change on the economy and how the state of the environment has been a complex global challenge.Prior studies have suggested immediate actions to avoid any unforeseen circumstances for all living things on Earth.Previous research has also supported all kinds of sustainability efforts as resolutions to address the deterioration of climate change caused by business activities.Originality:There is a need for companies to start acting and assigning employees to mitigate carbon emitted by corporations.This study is motivated by the lack of empirical evidence that examines how corporate carbon governance influences better carbon performance of organizations and authorizes organizations to implement and embed carbon accounting.Objective:This study used evidence from Malaysia to explore this subject matter and examined the association between carbon governance and carbon performance of corporations.The research also investigated the mediation effect of carbon accounting with respect to carbon governance and carbon performance.Findings:It is revealed that carbon governance had no significant influence on an organization’s carbon performance although carbon accounting implementation positively influenced carbon performance.The findings imply that despite its insignificance,carbon accounting remains a vital matter to be deployed by organizations for better carbon emission mitigation.

From EBIT to SEBIT(Sustainable EBIT):Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA)Using the Example of CO_(2) Accounting

Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent years.However,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance of a company.This article presents a new approach:Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA),which is based on an extension of bookkeeping by including ESG bookkeeping.SPA enables companies to systematically measure and manage their sustainability performance.The article provides an overview of the basics of SPA methodology and uses a comprehensive example showing how SPA can be implemented in practice.The article is aimed at interested readers from science and practice as well as decision-makers who are interested in future-oriented sustainability reporting.