Resilient performance of self-centering hybrid rocking walls with curved interface under pseudo-static loading

Frame and rocking wall(FRW)structures have excellent resilient performance during earthquakes.However,the concrete at interfacial corners of rocking walls(RWs)is easily crushed due to local extreme compression during the rocking process.An innovative RW with a curved interface is proposed to prevent interfacial corners from producing local damage,enhancing its earthquake resilient performance(ERP).The precast wall panel with a curved interface is assembled into an integral self-centering hybrid rocking wall(SCRW)by two post-tensioned unbonded prestressed tendons.Moreover,two ordinary energy dissipation steel rebars and two shear reinforcements are arranged to increase the energy dissipation capacity and lateral resistance.Two SCRW specimens and one monolithic reinforced concrete(RC)shear wall(SW)were tested under pseudo-static loading to compare the ERPs of the proposed SCRW and the SW,focusing on studying the effect of the curved interface on the SCRW.The key resilient performance of rocking effects,failure modes,and hysteretic properties of the SCRW were explored.The results show that nonlinear deformations of the SCRW are concentrated along the interface between the SCRW and the foundation,avoiding damage within the SCRW.The restoring force provided by the prestressed tendons can effectively realize self-centering capacity with small residual deformation,and the resilient performance of the SCRW is better than that of monolithic SW.In addition,the curved interface of the SCRW makes the rocking center change and move inward,partially relieving the stress concentration and crush of concrete.The rocking range of the rocking center is about 41.4%of the width of the SCRW.

Test and simulation of full-scale self-centering beam-to-column connection

A new type of beam-to-column connection for steel moment flames, designated as a ＂self-centering connection,＂ is studied. In this connection, bolted top-and-seat angles, and post-tensioned （PT） high-strength steel strands running along the beam are used. The PT strands tie the beam flanges on the column flange to resist moment and provide self-centering force. After an earthquake, the connections have zero deformation, and can be restored to their original status by simply replacing the angles. Four full-scale connections were tested under cyclic loading. The strength, energy-dissipation capacity, hysteresis curve, as well as angles and PT strands behavior of the connections are investigated. A general FEM analysis program called ABAQUS 6.9 is adopted to model the four test specimens. The numerical and test results match very well. Both the test and analysis results suggest that： （1） the columns and beams remain elastic while the angles sustain plastic deformations for energy dissipation when the rotation of the beam related to the column equals 0.05 tad, （2） the energy dissipation capacity is enhanced when the thickness of the angle is increased, and （3） the number of PT strands has a significant influence on the behavior of the connections, whereas the distance between the strands is not as important to the performance of the connection.

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.

Self-centering seismic retrofit scheme for reinforced concrete frame structures:SDOF system study

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.

Seismic performance evaluation of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame structure

The seismic performance of a five-story,four-bay,self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame(SC-RCF),which was redesigned using the direct displacement-based design method,was analytically investigated.The analytical model of the overall structure was developed in OpenSees.The multi-spring contact element was adopted to simulate gap open-close behavior at connection interfaces.The limit states of external mild steel dampers and unbonded post-tensioning strands were considered.Static pushover analyses were performed up to the roof drift of 10%.The nonlinear dynamic responses under four groups of ground motions(with different fault distances and site conditions)at six hazard levels(from the service to the very rare earthquake(VRE))were compared.Incremental dynamic analyses were implemented to quantify the structural collapse risk.The results showed that the structural responses of SC-RCF were satisfactory under all levels of earthquakes.The collapse safety of the structure under earthquakes up to VRE1 was adequate,while the structure would collapse to a large extent under VRE2 and VRE3.

OPTIMIZING DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SELF-CENTERING DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION HEIGHT

Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Taking the rear suspension of a certain light bus as a research example, the structures and parameters of the novel device are designed and ascertained. Then, the road excitation models, the performance evaluation indexes and the half-vehicle model are built, the simulation outputs of time and frequency domain are obtained with the road excitations of random and pulse by using MATLAB/Simulink software. So the main characteristics of the self-centering suspension are presented preliminarily. Finally, a multi-objective parameter design optimization model for the self-centering device is built by weighted sum approach, and optimal solution is obtained by adopting complex approach. The relevant choosing-type parameters for self-centering device components are deduced by using discrete variable optimal method, and the optimal results are verified and analyzed. So the performance potentials of the self-centering device are exerted fully in condition of ensuring overall suspension performances.

Numerical simulation of the seismic behavior of self-centering steel beam-column connections with bottom flange friction devices

A new type of steel moment resisting frame with bottom flange friction devices （BFFDs） has been developed to provide self-centering capacity and energy dissipation, and to reduce permanent deformations under earthquakes. This paper presents a numerical simulation of self-centering beam-column connections with BFFDs, in which the gap opening/closing at the beam-column interfaces is simulated by using pairs of zero-length elements with compression-only material properties, and the energy dissipation due to friction is simulated by using truss elements with specified hysteretic behavior. In particular, the effect of the friction bolt bearing against the slotted plate in the BFFDs was modeled, so that the increase in lateral force and the loss of friction force due to the bolt bearing could be taken into account. Parallel elastic-perfectly plastic gap （ElasticPPGap） materials in the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation （OpenSees） were used with predefined gaps to specify the sequence that each bolt went into the bearing and the corresponding increase in bending stiffness. The MinMax material in OpenSees is used to specify the minimum and maximum values of strains of the ElasticPPGap materials. To consider the loss of friction force due to bok bearing, a number of parallel hysteretic materials were used, and the failure of these materials in sequence simulated the gradual loss of friction force. Analysis results obtained by using the proposed numerical model are discussed and compared with the test results under cyclic loadings and the seismic loading, respectively.

Seismic performance of a reinforced concrete building retrofitted with self-centering shape memory alloy braces

Self-centering earthquake-resistant structures have received increased attention due to their ability to reduce post-earthquake residual deformations and,thus,repair time and cost.This stimulated the development of recentering shape memory alloy(SMA)dampers that use superelastic nitinol wires to dissipate energy and self-center the structure.However,there are still a few case studies applications on full-scale RC buildings in the literature.Moreover,general guidelines or even simplified approaches for the practical design of SMA damped braces are still lacking.This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of using self-centering shape memory alloy dampers for buckling-restrained braces applied for the seismic retrofit of a complex RC building structure.A design method originally proposed for elastoplastic dampers was implemented to size the SMA dampers to be placed on selected spans and stories of a building.The effectiveness of the design procedure was demonstrated by nonlinear time-history analyses under different sets of earthquake strong ground motions.The analysis results show that the recentering shape memory alloy bracing system is effective in limiting the maximum transient inter-story drifts and reducing the residual inter-story drifts after strong seismic events,due to its excellent recentering behavior together with its not negligible energy dissipation capacity.

Poetic Reconstruction of “Self-Centered” in the Cross-Cultural Theatre

In cross-cultural theaters of the drama field,it has become a universal trend to integrate tradition and modernity as well as China and the West in the cultural exchange between different nations.Such a normality brings some new opportunities to the dramatic creation of youth directors while posing greater challenges.As to opportunities,it can make the stage processing of directors more distinctive while enriching their aesthetic pursuits;the challenge lies in how to endow the work with contemporary expression without breaking away from tradition.Nowadays,more and more directors are seeking“poetic reconstruction”in cross-cultural theaters,and keen direction artists are exploring how to better express the connotation of their work,including the inner feelings of roles,their subconsciousness,and transmitting the unfinished meaningful words delicately at the special time and space offered by the stage,and make use of the unique vocabulary of directors to form new aesthetic experience and expressive effects,so as to enlighten the audience to make rational reflection in addition to having emotional consonance.Therefore,“poetic reconstruction of‘self-centered’”is critical in cross-cultural theatrical creation.In view of this condition,I will take the creation of Xi,an experimental drama,as an example,and discuss how directors reconstruct“self-centered”poetry in the cross-cultural theaters to form distinctive and unique expressions,so as to accomplish beneficial exploration of the co-existence of philosophy and beauty in the combination of classicism and contemporaneity and the process of taking in everything.

Seismic design and analysis of a high-rise self-centering wallbuilding:Case study

Post-tensioning self-centering walls are a well-developed and resilient technology.However,despite extensive research,the application of this technology has previously been limited to low-rise buildings.A ten-story selfcentering wall building has now been designed and constructed using the state-of-art design methodologies and construction detailing,as described in this paper.The building is designed in accordance with direct displacement-based design methodology,with modification of seismic demand due to relevant issues including higher-mode effects,second order effects,torsional effects,and flexural deformation of wall panels.Wall sections are designed with external energydissipating devices of steel dampers,and seismic performance of such designed self-centering walls is evaluated through numerical simulation.It is the first engineering project that uses self-centering walls in a high-rise building.The seismic design procedure of such a high-rise building,using self-centering wall structures,is comprehensively reviewed in this work,and additional proposals are put forward.Description of construction detailing,including slotted beams,flexible wall-to-floor connections,embedded beams,and damper installation,is provided.The demonstration project promotes the concept of seismic resilient structures and contributes to the most appealing city planning strategy of resilient cities at present.The paper could be a reference for industry engineers to promote the self-centering wall systems worldwide.

茶多酚对罗非鱼生长性能、抗氧化功能和非特异免疫指标的影响

对罗非鱼分别饲喂添加0、83、166、333、666 mg/kg茶多酚的基础饲料,研究茶多酚对罗非鱼生长性能、抗氧化物酶活以及非特异性免疫指标的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加166 mg/kg茶多酚可显著提高罗非鱼的生长性能,增重率提高16.99%,特定生长率提高7.72%,且没有增加饵料系数;同时可提高罗非鱼的免疫水平,白细胞吞噬指数比对照组提高97%,血清溶菌酶活力提高51.8%,提高肌肉SOD活性。饲料中添加333 mg/kg茶多酚可提高肝脏的CAT活性。但添加茶多酚并没有提高GSH-Px的活性。

辛伐他汀对鸡产蛋性能及蛋中胆固醇含量的影响

将40羽80周龄新罗曼商品代蛋鸡随机分为5个组,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和对照组的添加量分别为2.089mg/d只、4.259mg/d只、6.356mg/d只、8.263mg/d只和0mg/d只。结果表明:日粮中添加辛伐他汀,试验各组与对照组间及试验Ⅱ组和其他各组间采食量差异极显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅱ和其他各组间产蛋量差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组和其他各组蛋黄、肝脏和卵巢中胆固醇含量差异均极显著(P<0.01)。综合分析显示,药物的添加量为6.356mg/d只时对鸡的产蛋性能及蛋中胆固醇含量降低的效果最好。

RFID自助借还书系统服务能力的绩效评价——以湖北民族学院图书馆为例

为探究RFID自助借还系统的服务能力,文章选择湖北民族学院图书馆条码识别技术(BRM)和RFID技术进行绩效对比。根据绩效值与其相关影响因子导出RFID绩效值的定义与计算方法,发现二级绩效评价指标中开放时间充分度、图书借还速度、借还人性化度等方面较满意,读者帮助与培训、图书损坏发现能力等方面满意程度低。建议图书馆应重视RFID的使用与统计,发现影响其绩效的重要因子,发挥其最大绩效。

融雪抑冰材料疏水性能影响因素研究

通过电导率测试,研究了疏水剂、偶联剂及融雪抑冰材料球磨时间对融雪抑冰材料疏水性能和沥青混合料盐分溶析的影响;采用扫描电镜观察了融雪抑冰材料的微观形貌;比较了融雪抑冰材料添加前后沥青混合料的路用性能.结果表明:疏水剂掺量(质量分数)增大,融雪抑冰材料疏水性能增强,沥青混合料盐分溶析速率减慢;偶联剂对融雪抑冰材料疏水性能影响较小,但对沥青混合料盐分溶析有一定程度的影响;融雪抑冰材料球磨时间越长,融雪抑冰材料粉体颗粒越细;融雪抑冰材料球磨时间的变化会影响到融雪抑冰材料的疏水性能和沥青混合料的盐分溶析;融雪抑冰材料粉体颗粒形状不规则,疏水剂覆盖在盐分表面上;与未掺融雪抑冰材料沥青混合料相比,掺融雪抑冰材料沥青混合料水稳定性稍高,高温稳定性和低温抗裂性略低;在降雪天气下,掺融雪抑冰材料沥青混合料具有明显的融雪抑冰效果.

不同营养水平对兴国灰鹅繁殖性能的影响

用不同能量及不同蛋白水平的日粮饲喂兴国灰鹅种鹅。试验结果表明:精料补饲低能量、低蛋白组(代谢能10.39MJ/kg、粗蛋白12.97%)的产蛋性能和经济效益,虽略优于高能量、高蛋白组(代谢能12.34MJ/kg、粗蛋白15.23%),但远不如中等能量、中等蛋白组(代谢能11.39 MJ/kg、粗蛋白14.11%)。高能量、高蛋白组虽然有较好的受精率和出雏率,但它的产蛋性能、雏均耗代谢能和雏均耗粗蛋白均劣于中等能量、中等蛋白组。

技术导向、市场导向对组织绩效的混合影响:环境不确定性的调节作用

本研究基于长三角地区181家企业的问卷调查数据,实证考查了技术导向和市场导向这两种战略导向对组织绩效的内在作用机制,及其与环境的匹配性。结果表明技术导向、市场导向对组织绩效有显著正向影响;技术导向和市场导向会产生协同效应,正向影响组织绩效;在技术不确定性的环境中,技术导向和市场导向更能够促进组织绩效。

用KPI方法构建医院药剂科绩效考核体系

传统的以经济利益为导向的医院绩效管理容易使药剂科过度追求利益最大化,造成医院药剂科某些重要职能的丧失。笔者从药剂科关键工作量和主要职能入手,用KPI方法构建医院药剂科绩效考核体系。

高效液相色谱法检测氟吗啉在土壤中的降解

建立了氟吗啉在土壤中残留分析的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法,在实验室条件下对氟吗啉在我国具有代表性的3种土壤中的降解动态进行了研究。样品通过V(正己烷)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶2混和溶液萃取,经弗罗里硅土SPE柱净化,浓缩后进行HPLC检测。结果表明,药剂土壤添加浓度在0.2和2.0mg/kg时,氟吗啉在不同土壤中回收率为78.8%～97.1%;标准偏差为2.24%～7.48%。氟吗啉在土壤中的降解遵循一级动力学方程;氟吗啉在3种土壤中的降解速率大小依次为黑龙江黑土>江西红土>河南黄土,其降解半衰期分别为99.02、106.64和157.53d,降解速率常数(k)分别为7.0×10-3、6.5×10-3和4.4×10-3。根据国内农药在土壤中的残留划分标准,氟吗啉属于中等降解类农药。比较氟吗啉在非灭菌与灭菌的黑龙江黑土、江西红土和河南黄土中的降解情况表明,药剂在非灭菌土中降解明显快,分析可能是土壤中微生物对氟吗啉的降解具有显著的影响。

ESG表现、财务状况与系统性风险相关性研究——以沪深A股电力上市公司为例

环境、社会及公司治理(ESG)数据有助于认识我国企业的环保行为,同时也有助于深化对近年来企业经济行为的理解。本文立足于坚持绿色发展的现实背景,实证研究了财务状况、系统性风险对我国电力上市公司ESG表现的影响。研究发现:由于投资者与企业管理者对社会责任的忽视,电力企业系统性风险无法影响其ESG表现。研究还发现,较好的偿债能力、盈利能力和合理的资本结构可以促进公司ESG表现,但良好的营运能力会使公司忽视可持续发展的重要性。本文将系统性风险与电力行业ESG研究相结合,为未来的扩展研究提供了新的角度,并就加强信息披露监督、继续深化绿色市场发展提出了建议。

4种生物滞留填料对径流污染净化效果对比

为提高生物滞留系统净化效果,探讨了绿沸石、蛭石、活性炭、珍珠岩等材料用作特殊填料时对道路径流雨水中NH_4^+-N、TN、TP、COD等污染物的吸附性能。静态摇床实验研究了填料对各污染物的吸附能力,并建立了各填料等温吸附模型。结果表明沸石的综合吸附性能较好,活性炭次之,4种填料的等温吸附过程拟合结果基本符合朗格缪尔(Langmuir)吸附模型。以沸石作为特殊填料的小试结果表明,生物滞留系统对NH_4^+-N、TN、TP、COD的负荷削减率可分别达到70.59%、85.83%、79.98%、66.02%。从净化性能及经济性方面考虑,沸石作为生物滞留系统特殊填料是一种较好的选择。