Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract fr...Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and other samples. The PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO<sub>2</sub> for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.展开更多
Influences of PGR, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate on in vitro flowering and fruiting from cotyledon explants of P. frutescens were studied. The regenerated shoots at 2-4. cm from cotyledon explants on MS medium supplem...Influences of PGR, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate on in vitro flowering and fruiting from cotyledon explants of P. frutescens were studied. The regenerated shoots at 2-4. cm from cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BA and 1.0 mg L^-1IAA were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 30 g L^-1 sucrose, 8.25 g L^-1 ammonium nitrate, and 1.0 mg L^-1 BA. Following 40 d of culture, 86.2% of them flowered and set seeds. These seeds were germinable and developed into flowering plants in the fields. This study provides a simple system for rapid breeding of P. frutescens and studying the physiological mechanism of flowering of plants.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the e...Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of perilla fruit oil against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Perilla fruit oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids,tocopherols and tocotrienols using chro...Objective:To study the effect of perilla fruit oil against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Perilla fruit oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids,tocopherols and tocotrienols using chromatography.Sub-chronic toxicity of perilla fruit oil was investigated in rats for 90 d followed by a 28 d recovery period.Hematological,biochemical and pathological parameters were determined.To evaluate hepatoprotection,rats were divided into five groups and orally administered with Tween 80 for 10 d;Tween 80,silymarin,perilla fruit oil(0.1 mL/200 g)and perilla fruit oil(1 mL/200 g)for 10 d together with subcutaneous injection of CCl4(2 mL/200 g)on days 9 and 10.Liver enzymes and pathological parameters were determined.Results:Perilla fruit oil containedα-linolenic acid(56.55%of total fatty acid),β-tocopherol(49.50 mg/kg)andγ-tocotrienol(43.65 mg/kg).Rats showed significant changes in the percentage of monocytes and platelet indices following perilla fruit oil consumption for 90 d;in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes,and RBC indices in the recovery period when compared with the deionized water group.Total protein and creatinine levels were increased while alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased(P<0.05).Organ weight index and pathological indicators did not change significantly.The liver of CCl4-induced rats showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes,which was ameliorated by perilla fruit oil pretreatment.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were decreased(P<0.05)in rats given perilla fruit oil.Conclusions:Perilla fruit oil is rich inα-linolenic acid,β-tocopherol andγ-tocotrienol and improves blood biomarker levels and protects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.Further studies are required before supporting its use for the treatment of hepatitis.展开更多
Based on RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis, 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed for Perilla species. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity among 15 acc...Based on RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis, 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed for Perilla species. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity among 15 accessions of Perilla species. A total of 182 alleles were confirmed in 37 loci, with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus and from 2 to 9 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.200 to 0.733, with an average of 0.463. The gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.391 to 0.853, with an average of 0.670. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.624, ranging from 0.315 to 0.838. The new SSR markers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Perilla species. In addition, new Perilla SSR markers developed from transcriptome analysis can be useful for the identification of cultivars, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, and genetic mapping and designating of important genes/QTLs for future Perilla crop breeding programs.展开更多
Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiqu...Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.展开更多
Leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly known as perilla are widely used in Korea, due to their medicinal properties. The rust disease of perilla interrupts its wide use every year. The present study was carried out to...Leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly known as perilla are widely used in Korea, due to their medicinal properties. The rust disease of perilla interrupts its wide use every year. The present study was carried out to evaluate the control of perilla rust disease by using oak pyroligneous liquor having various biological properties. The rust disease infected perilla leaves were applied with 100 μl of oak pyroligneous liquor at different concentrations such as 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml. Then the leaf samples were observed for the abortion of active rust pustules (yellow color) after 48 hours of incubation at 26?C. Further, inhibition of rust pustules development by oak pyroligneous liquor was evaluated on the leaves of artificially induced perilla rust disease. The best abortion of rust pustules by oak pyroligneous liquor was noticed at the concentration of 50 μg/ml, where 74.4% of the pustules were aborted. Discoloration of rust pustules was also observed in the treated leaves from yellow to white when compared with the untreated control. In addition, oak pyroligneous liquor completely inhibited the development of rust pustules in artificially induced leaves even at low concentration (6.25 μg/ml). The results clearly indicated that oak pyroligneous liquor is a good candidate for the management of Perilla rust disease.展开更多
Many kinds of pesticides have been developed and used to yield a good harvest but the residues in agricul-tural products cause health problems. It is important to keep watch on these residues by using adequate methods...Many kinds of pesticides have been developed and used to yield a good harvest but the residues in agricul-tural products cause health problems. It is important to keep watch on these residues by using adequate methods of analysis. Pretreatment such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or column chromatography is often needed for the quantitative analysis of pesticide in agricultural products by conventional methods such as gas chromatography/low resolving power mass spectrometry (GC/LRMS). However, these pretreat-ments need a lot of work and take time. New methods saving the necessity of these pretreatments have been desired. We have applied selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to quantitatively determine cypermethrin residues in Perilla frutescens samples and compared the results with LRMS and HRMS in SIM mode. A background peak caused by the matrix overlapped the cypermethrin peak in the analysis using LRMS. SRM and HRMS in SIM mode provided chromatograms without matrix interference. The high selectivity of the product ion (m/z 127) produced from precursor ion (m/z 163) isolated the target peaks from the matrix peaks when using SRM. This method eliminates the pretreatment step, thus saving time and simplify ing the ana-lytical process.展开更多
Perilla frutescens,an annual herb of the Labiatae family,has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years.P.frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health.Its le...Perilla frutescens,an annual herb of the Labiatae family,has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years.P.frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health.Its leaves,stems and seeds can be used as medicine and edible food.Because of the abundant nutrients and bioactive components in this plant,P.frutescens has been studied extensively in medicine,food,health care and chemical fields with great prospects for development.This paper reviews the cultivation history,chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of P.frutescens,which provides a reference for the development and utilization of P.frutescens resources.展开更多
文摘Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and other samples. The PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO<sub>2</sub> for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.
基金supported by the Science Foundation Project of Chongqing Normal University and Gansu Province,China(QS041-C31-09).
文摘Influences of PGR, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate on in vitro flowering and fruiting from cotyledon explants of P. frutescens were studied. The regenerated shoots at 2-4. cm from cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BA and 1.0 mg L^-1IAA were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 30 g L^-1 sucrose, 8.25 g L^-1 ammonium nitrate, and 1.0 mg L^-1 BA. Following 40 d of culture, 86.2% of them flowered and set seeds. These seeds were germinable and developed into flowering plants in the fields. This study provides a simple system for rapid breeding of P. frutescens and studying the physiological mechanism of flowering of plants.
基金supported by funding from the Konkuk University Brain Pool
文摘Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.
基金supported by the Agricultural Research Development Agency(Public Organization)of Thailand(Project Code:CRP 5705020580)the Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)Ph.D.Program,Thailand Research Fund,through Miss Narisara Paradee(PHD56I0016)Newton Fund 2016 PhD.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of perilla fruit oil against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Perilla fruit oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids,tocopherols and tocotrienols using chromatography.Sub-chronic toxicity of perilla fruit oil was investigated in rats for 90 d followed by a 28 d recovery period.Hematological,biochemical and pathological parameters were determined.To evaluate hepatoprotection,rats were divided into five groups and orally administered with Tween 80 for 10 d;Tween 80,silymarin,perilla fruit oil(0.1 mL/200 g)and perilla fruit oil(1 mL/200 g)for 10 d together with subcutaneous injection of CCl4(2 mL/200 g)on days 9 and 10.Liver enzymes and pathological parameters were determined.Results:Perilla fruit oil containedα-linolenic acid(56.55%of total fatty acid),β-tocopherol(49.50 mg/kg)andγ-tocotrienol(43.65 mg/kg).Rats showed significant changes in the percentage of monocytes and platelet indices following perilla fruit oil consumption for 90 d;in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes,and RBC indices in the recovery period when compared with the deionized water group.Total protein and creatinine levels were increased while alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased(P<0.05).Organ weight index and pathological indicators did not change significantly.The liver of CCl4-induced rats showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes,which was ameliorated by perilla fruit oil pretreatment.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were decreased(P<0.05)in rats given perilla fruit oil.Conclusions:Perilla fruit oil is rich inα-linolenic acid,β-tocopherol andγ-tocotrienol and improves blood biomarker levels and protects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.Further studies are required before supporting its use for the treatment of hepatitis.
文摘Based on RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis, 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed for Perilla species. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity among 15 accessions of Perilla species. A total of 182 alleles were confirmed in 37 loci, with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus and from 2 to 9 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.200 to 0.733, with an average of 0.463. The gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.391 to 0.853, with an average of 0.670. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.624, ranging from 0.315 to 0.838. The new SSR markers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Perilla species. In addition, new Perilla SSR markers developed from transcriptome analysis can be useful for the identification of cultivars, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, and genetic mapping and designating of important genes/QTLs for future Perilla crop breeding programs.
基金support of the National Science Foundation of China (31360067)the Science-Technology Support Projects of Guizhou Province (NY[2016]3052)the Talent base for germplasm resources utilization and innovation of characteristic plant in Guizhou (RCJD2018-14)
文摘Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.
文摘Leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly known as perilla are widely used in Korea, due to their medicinal properties. The rust disease of perilla interrupts its wide use every year. The present study was carried out to evaluate the control of perilla rust disease by using oak pyroligneous liquor having various biological properties. The rust disease infected perilla leaves were applied with 100 μl of oak pyroligneous liquor at different concentrations such as 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml. Then the leaf samples were observed for the abortion of active rust pustules (yellow color) after 48 hours of incubation at 26?C. Further, inhibition of rust pustules development by oak pyroligneous liquor was evaluated on the leaves of artificially induced perilla rust disease. The best abortion of rust pustules by oak pyroligneous liquor was noticed at the concentration of 50 μg/ml, where 74.4% of the pustules were aborted. Discoloration of rust pustules was also observed in the treated leaves from yellow to white when compared with the untreated control. In addition, oak pyroligneous liquor completely inhibited the development of rust pustules in artificially induced leaves even at low concentration (6.25 μg/ml). The results clearly indicated that oak pyroligneous liquor is a good candidate for the management of Perilla rust disease.
文摘Many kinds of pesticides have been developed and used to yield a good harvest but the residues in agricul-tural products cause health problems. It is important to keep watch on these residues by using adequate methods of analysis. Pretreatment such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or column chromatography is often needed for the quantitative analysis of pesticide in agricultural products by conventional methods such as gas chromatography/low resolving power mass spectrometry (GC/LRMS). However, these pretreat-ments need a lot of work and take time. New methods saving the necessity of these pretreatments have been desired. We have applied selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to quantitatively determine cypermethrin residues in Perilla frutescens samples and compared the results with LRMS and HRMS in SIM mode. A background peak caused by the matrix overlapped the cypermethrin peak in the analysis using LRMS. SRM and HRMS in SIM mode provided chromatograms without matrix interference. The high selectivity of the product ion (m/z 127) produced from precursor ion (m/z 163) isolated the target peaks from the matrix peaks when using SRM. This method eliminates the pretreatment step, thus saving time and simplify ing the ana-lytical process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973422)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-071)。
文摘Perilla frutescens,an annual herb of the Labiatae family,has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years.P.frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health.Its leaves,stems and seeds can be used as medicine and edible food.Because of the abundant nutrients and bioactive components in this plant,P.frutescens has been studied extensively in medicine,food,health care and chemical fields with great prospects for development.This paper reviews the cultivation history,chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of P.frutescens,which provides a reference for the development and utilization of P.frutescens resources.