Who Is More Vulnerable?The Age-Period-Cohort Effect of Psychological Distress among Urban Residents in China

How does psychological distress evolve over time?This study utilizes cross-sectional data from the China General Social Survey from 2010 to 2017 to explore the differences in psychological distress among Chinese residents at various ages,periods,and cohorts.The dummy variable method and random effects hierarchical age-period-cohort model were employed to isolate the age,period,and cohort effects that impacted the psychological distress of Chinese urban residents.First,in terms of the age effect,the psychological distress experienced by residents tends to increase initially and then decrease with age.Middle-aged individuals,around 40 years old,often face a particularly severe form of psychological distress known as the“midlife crisis.”Additionally,middle-aged people who have larger families may experience more significant psychological distress due to increased family burdens.Second,in terms of the period effect,the psychological distress experienced by residents has been on the rise due to the continued development of society.Those who are at a disadvantage in market competition and work longer hours may be particularly vulnerable to increased psychological distress.Thirdly,the cohort effect refers to the different social behaviors and attitudes exhibited by individuals of different generations.In terms of this effect,psychological distress initially decreased and then increased among those born between 1945 and 1990.Individuals born in the 1980s and 1990s experienced higher levels of psychological distress,with internet use having a greater negative impact.Additionally,the positive effect of income on their psychological distress was reduced.The psychological distress of Chinese urban residents is affected by a variety of time-related factors,which are closely related to Chinese clan culture,market competition and social changes.The heavy family burden imposed by traditional clan culture,the different working conditions created by market competition,and the emergence of new lifestyles,such as internet use during social changes,have led to diverse psychological distress experiences among residents across different ages,time periods,and cohorts.In the future,longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the robustness of the conclusions and consider the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Mental health support should pay specific attention to the psychological distress of middle-aged individuals,long-time workers,and internet users.

Novel implementation of homogenization method to predict effective properties of periodic materials

Representative volume element （RVE） method and asymptotic homogenization （AH） method are two widely used methods in predicting effective properties of pe- riodic materials. This paper develops a novel implementa- tion of the AH method, which has rigorous mathematical foundation of the AH method, and also simplicity as the RVE method. This implementation can be easily realized using commercial software as a black box, and can use all kinds of elements available in commercial software to model unit cells with rather complicated microstructures, so the model may remain a fairly small scale. Several examples were car- fled out to demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the new implementation.

The Response of Winter Wheat Root to the Period and the After-Effect of Soil Water Stress

To reveal the period and after-effect of soil water stress on winter wheat, the article employs the experiment results carried out in the greenhouse. The results showed that the root-restricted weights varied with stress degrees and stress times during and after water stressing. In the course of stress, the chief reason resticting the weight of root was the stress intensity at this time, and that of severe stress treatment was larger than that of mild stress treatment. After water stress was relieved, the results of the after-effect of soil water stress on root growth were that, the stress intensity of short-time and mild stress was larger than that of long-time and severe stress. Comparing two-stage stress intensities, root-restricted weight resulted from after-effect intensity of stress under all of the short-time treatment, and the mild and the long-time stress treatments, while that resulted from the period stress intensity under the severe and the long-time stress treatments. In general, the effects of water stress on root were attributed to the three factors, a formed basis in the previous stage, the after-effect of water condition before this stage and influence of water in this stage, which lead to the characters of root in the whole growth stage.

Effects of Amiodarone on Transmural Dispersion of Ventricular Effective Refractory Periods across Myocardial Layers in the Normal and Hypertrophic Canine Heart

The effects of amiodarone on transmural dispersion of ventricular effective refractory periods （ERPs） in the normal and hypertrophic canine heart were investigated in vivo. By using the programmed stimulation protocol, the ERPs of epicardium （Epi）, midmyocardium （Mid） and endocardium （Endo） were measured by inserting specially-designed electrodes into the three myocardial layers before and after mainlining of amiodarone. No significant ERPs-dispersion was observed in the three layers before and after mainlining of amiodarone in the normal group. In contrast, ERPs of all the three layers were prolonged in the hypertrophic heart, while the ERPs-dispersion was reduced significantly after mainlining of amiodarone. The ERPs-dispersion was significantly increased in the hypertrophic heart but not in the normal heart using ＂long-short＂ and ＂short-long＂ interval stimulation technique. It was concluded that （1） the differences in ERPs-dispersion among the three layers were significant in hypertrophic heart, and differences were not significant in normal canine heart; （2） ERPs of each three-myocardial layers were significantly prolonged after using amioda- rone, but the ERPs-dispersion decreased in hypertrophic heart and （3） the programmed extrastimulus technique of ＂long-short＂ and ＂short-long＂ intervals increased the transmural ERPs-dispersion in the hypertrophic heart.

Changes of Monophasic Action Potential Duration and Effective Refractory Period of Three Layers Myocardium of Canine during Acute

Summary： The effect of acute ischemia on the electrophysiological characteristics of the three layers myocardium of canine in vivo was investigated. Twelve canines were divided into two groups randomly： acute ischemia （AI） group and sham operation （SO） group. By using the monophasic action potential （MAP） technique, MAP and effective refractory period （ERP） of the three layers myocardium were measured by specially designed plunge needle electrodes and the transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） and transmural dispersion of ERP （TDE） were analyzed. The results showed that in the AI group, MAP duration （MAPD） was shortened from 201.67±21.42 ms to 169.50±13.81 ms （P〈0.05）, but ERP prolonged to varying degrees and TDE increased during ischemia. In the SO group, MAPD and ERP did not change almost. Among of the three layers myocardium of canine, MAPD was coincident in two groups. It was concluded that during acute ischemia, MAPD was shortened sharply, but there was no significant difference among of the three layers myocardium. The prolonged ERP was concomitant with increased TDE during acute ischemia, which may play an important role in the occurrence of arrhythmias induced by acute ischemia. These findings may have important implications in arrhythmogenesis.

Effect of β_3-adrenoceptors on Ventricle Fibrillation Threshold and Effective Refractory Period in Rats With Heart Failure

Objectives To observe the effect of β3-Adrenoceptor （AR） on ventricle fibrillation threshold （VFT） and effective refractory period （ERP） in rats with heart failure. Methods Rats were randomized into control group and heart failure group. The expression of β3-ARmRNA was detected with RTPCR; The VFT, ERP, LVESP,LVEDP, ＋dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax was measured at the same time with administration of BRL37344 （ 2 nmol / kg, β3- AR agonist）. Results ①Both the expression of β3-AR mRNA and the proportion increased in rats with heart failure in comparison with control rats （0.028 vs. 0.011 and 5.4% vs 1.2%, P 〈 0.05）;② ERP was longer in rats with heart failure than control group （70.5±5.5 ms vs 59.5±6.4ms, P 〈 0.05） and there was no difference of ERP in rats with heart failure with administration of BRL37344 （73.0±4.8 ms vs 70.5± 5.5 ms, P 〉0.05）; ③VFT was lower in rats with heart failure than control group（10.9±0.8 mv vs 30.5± 1.3 mv, P〈 0.05） and decreased obviously in rats with heart failure with administration of BRL37344 （7.1±0.6 mv vs 10.9±0.8 mv, P 〈 0.05） ; The decrease of VFT correlated with the effect on LVESP, ＋dp/ dtmax,-dp/dtmax of BRL37344 and the expression of β3-AR mRNA （correlation coefficient： 0.788, 0.708, 0.759, 0.787; P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The expression of β3-AR mRNA of left ventricle was obviously increased in rats with heart failure, and activation of β3-AR had no effect on ERP but could decreased VFT which correlated with the effect of β3-AR on LVESP, ＋dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax and the expression of β3-AR mRNA.

配方施肥对紫薇花序着花数和花期的影响

为探究紫薇花序着花数和花期对氮、磷、钾配方施肥的响应,获得氮、磷、钾优化的施肥量,以紫薇优良新品种“紫精灵”为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾“3414”施肥设计进行田间施肥试验,测定不同处理的花序着花数和花期,拟合花序着花数的肥料效应模型,采用频次分析法获得优化施肥量。结果表明:氮、磷、钾配方施肥显著提高了紫薇花序着花数,能提早始花期和盛花期、推迟末花期;施肥对紫薇花序着花数、花期、始花期、盛花期、末花期的单因子影响效应均是N>K>P,交互作用影响效应都是NK>NP>PK;氮、磷、钾对花序着花数的单因素效应为正,氮与磷交互效应为正,氮与钾、磷与钾的交互效应都是负;花序着花数最大的施肥量为氮肥(N)19.50g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))13.82g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)3.66g·株^(-1),此时花序着花数为117.94朵;用频次分析法获得的优化施肥量为氮肥(N)10.95~17.37g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))5.89~9.37g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)7.01~10.25g·株^(-1),预期花序着花数平均值为126.52朵。

“一带一路”倡议与全球价值链升级——基于沿线国家的实证数据

基于2007—2020年“一带一路”沿线国家的样本数据,利用多期双重差分模型实证检验了“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家的价值链升级作用。研究结果证实:“一带一路”倡议对于沿线国家全球价值链发展具有显著正向影响。机制分析表明:“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家存在“虹吸效应”,有利于沿线国家的发展。此外,政策沟通对于倡议的推行具有积极的促进作用。研究结果不仅证实了倡议对于沿线国家价值链升级的正向影响,也论证了其中存在的影响机制,为未来进一步的研究提供了理论支撑和有益探索。

中国人口流动的健康轨迹研究

人口的高流动性和流动人口快速老化已成为中国人口发展的显著特征。研究人口流动对我国城乡居民健康的影响及其变动趋势,对于理解和实现健康老龄化,改善人口健康水平具有重要意义。现有研究较多分析流动人口相比于城镇居民的健康状况,而对流动人口和农村居民的健康差异的研究相对缺乏;对于流动人口在老年阶段的健康状况与户籍人口的差异以及流动对人口健康的影响等关键问题尚没有确定结论。本文旨在探讨人口流动与个体健康的因果关系以及流动人口和城乡户籍人口之间随时间和年龄变化的健康差异。本文利用中国家庭动态追踪调查(CFPS)2010-2020年连续六次调查的面板数据,采用固定效应模型和线性回归模型分析人口流动的健康效应和年龄效应。研究发现2012-2020年流动对人口健康的总体影响为负,验证了流动具有健康损耗效应,存在“流行病学悖论”。从时期维度看,流动对人口健康的影响呈现由健康优势转为健康劣势的趋势,人口流动的健康选择效应和流动经历的内在健康损耗效应并存。初期流动人口具有健康优势,健康自评状况优于城乡户籍人口。随着时间推进,健康优势逐渐收敛,健康损耗效应逐渐显现。从年龄维度看,流动人口和城乡户籍人口的自评健康水平随着年龄增加都呈下降趋势,但流动人口的下降速度显著慢于城乡户籍人口,其健康优势在老年阶段逐渐消失。上述发现的政策含义是:在人口老龄化不断加深和流动人口规模保持高位,流动人口老化愈加明显的背景下,流动人口的健康老龄化成为重要挑战,在政策实践层面应关注流动经历对个体生命周期的持续影响,尤其是要重视城镇中的高龄流动人口返乡回流将健康风险转移到农村,从而增加农村整体的健康脆弱性和健康照护成本,应将人口流动因素作为优化城乡卫生健康资源配置的重要考量。

豫东平原‘郑麦1860’不同播期播量试验的超高产效应

为了实现豫东平原小麦主产区超高产栽培良种良法配套,充分发挥优质中强筋小麦新品种‘郑麦1860’的超高产潜力,运用裂区试验及统计分析方法,研究确定‘郑麦1860’在豫东平原小麦主产区超高产条件下适宜的播期播量指标。结果表明‘:郑麦1860’的适宜播期为10月10日-10月15日,最佳播期为10月15日;适宜播量为187.5~225.0 kg/hm^(2),最佳播量为225.0 kg/hm^(2)。最佳播期播量组合为10月15日与187.5 kg/hm^(2),折合单产12326 kg/hm^(2)。本项试验所取得的适宜播期播量技术指标,可在豫东平原小麦主产区‘郑麦1860’超高产栽培条件下推广应用。

On the Validity of the Effective Index Method for Long Period Grating Photonic Crystal Fibers

This paper focuses on the investigation of modal characteristics and sensing properties of long period grating photonic crystal fibers (LPG-PCFs). An improved effective index method is employed with an objective to study its limitations for various designs of LPG-PCFs. Results so obtained with the above method are compared with the corresponding values of multiple multipole (MMP) method results which points the range of validity and applicability of the improved effective index method to LPG-PCFs. It is shown that this method is excellent when the surrounding media is assumed to be air. However, it becomes less accurate when the fiber is immersed into a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the cladding.

优化护理理念在肾癌根治术患者围术期治疗中的应用及满意度分析

目的探究肾癌根治术患者围术期治疗中,采用优化护理理念的效果。方法随机选取2021年1月—2022年12月吉林省肿瘤医院接诊的100例肾癌根治术患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组(常规护理干预)和研究组(优化护理理念干预),每组50例,分析两组患者生活质量评分、疼痛评分、遵医行为、情绪评分和满意度。结果研究组患者生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者遵医行为优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者情绪评分比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的护理服务满意度(98.00%)高于对照组(86.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.891,P<0.05)。结论以优化护理理念干预肾癌根治术患者的效果优异,能提高围术期治疗效果,减少不良并发症发生,提高患者生活质量,满意度等和缓解患者肢体疼痛。

基于尺寸效应的夯土水盐运移分布特征研究

水盐循环作用是夯土遗址渐进式破坏的主要影响因素之一。为了研究尺寸对夯土水盐运移分布特征的影响规律,制备5组含盐量为0.3%、边长为50、100、200、500、900 mm立方体夯土试样,并将其置于温度为10~27℃、相对湿度为20%~50%的室内环境进行自然失水试验。在失水周期内,通过钻孔取样,检测夯土试样表层至内部土体的含水率及含盐量,并分析不同尺寸夯土试样水盐运移特征及尺寸效应。试验结果表明:夯土试样的失水周期及表层土体盐分富集量随尺寸的增大而增大,失水速率随尺寸的增大而减小。不同尺寸夯土试样的失水周期分为快速失水、缓慢失水、稳定失水3个阶段,水盐运移活动主要发生在快速失水阶段。失水过程中,盐分随水分向试样表层运移,表层土体盐分含量增加,内部土体盐分含量降低,盐分集中富集在表层土体上。该研究可以为土遗址室内小块体试验、模拟足尺试验和野外观测试验研究提供理论支撑。

高速铁路对城市空间结构的影响及机制研究

为探索高速铁路在城市空间格局演化中的作用,利用夜间灯光数据和LandScan人口分布数据构造了表征城市空间结构的城市蔓延指数,运用多期DID模型和工具变量法实证检验了高速铁路对城市空间结构的影响及作用机制。研究发现:高速铁路开通显著促进了城市空间结构的分散化,在考虑内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。异质性分析表明,高速铁路对城市空间结构的重塑作用在中小规模城市和位于三大城市群以外的城市中更显著。机制分析发现,高速铁路能够通过推动产业结构高级化和建成区面积扩张导致城市空间结构趋于分散化,劳动力集聚则在高速铁路与城市空间结构之间起到遮掩效应。研究对于更好地推进高速铁路建设和引导城市空间结构有序发展具有重要意义。

基于渐近均匀化方法的准周期梁结构等效刚度数值实现方法研究

相比周期梁结构,准周期梁结构沿轴向梯度变化,具有更大的设计自由度,能够获得更好的结构性能。由于其非均质性,一般将其均匀化为具有等效性质的均质梁结构,但现有工作很少涉及准周期梁结构等效性质的计算。本文针对由周期梁结构映射而成的准周期梁结构,通过引入雅可比矩阵,基于渐近均匀化方法推导的单胞方程及其等效性质计算列式,并建立了其单胞方程及等效刚度的有限元求解列式。该方法可以处理沿轴向变形的任意微单胞构型,数值算例验证了其正确性和有效性。

卡瑞利珠单抗、阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨二线治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌的临床研究

目的探究卡瑞利珠单抗、阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨二线治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌的临床效果。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2022年1月郑州大学第二附属医院收治的122例晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者纳入研究,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各61例,对照组患者采用阿帕替尼+卡培他滨二线治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗。一个疗程21 d,治疗2个疗程。治疗2个疗程后,比较两组患者的临床疗效,以及治疗前后的肿瘤标志物水平[糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]和免疫功能,同时比较两组患者治疗期间的药物不良反应。随访1年,比较两组患者的生存情况。结果观察组患者的客观缓解率和疾病控制率分别为59.02%、81.97%,明显高于对照组的39.34%、65.57%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者的血清CA15-3、CEA水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组患者的血清CA15-3、CEA水平均降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的CD3+、CD8+水平均升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,治疗后,两组患者的CD4+均降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访1年,观察组失访1例,对照组失访2例,观察组患者的中位无进展生存时间为11.55个月,明显长于对照组的6.98个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论卡瑞利珠单抗、阿帕替尼联合卡培他滨二线治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌,可有效调节患者的肿瘤标志物,提高客观缓解率,促进免疫功能的恢复、延长患者的生存期且安全性良好。

方向性效应对2022年四川泸定MS6.8地震主余震长周期地震动的影响

2022年四川泸定MS6.8地震主震是一次较为典型的近垂直断层走滑型地震,为研究地震动强度的方向性效应,本文利用震中距100km范围内121台强震仪和地震烈度仪的加速度记录,与中国西南地区衰减模型的预测结果进行了对比,利用谱加速度残差的分布对长周期地震动进行了分析,并与两次震源机制不同的余震进行了对比.结果表明:泸定主震的方向性效应明显,在周期T=1.5~3 s,东南向的向前放大效应显著;在周期T=0.5~1.5 s,西北向的向后方向削弱效应显著;方向性效应在倾滑型的余震中没有明显体现;不同走滑型地震的方向性效应在不同周期体现不同,泸定主震在T=0.5~4 s的方向性效应较其他长周期段更大,对比2022年的马尔康系列地震和2016年日本熊本地震,前者分别集中在T=2 s和3~6 s,后者方向效应随周期增大而增大.

心理韧性和家庭支持在肺癌患者围手术期恐惧与焦虑症状间的中介效应

目的分析心理韧性和家庭支持在肺癌患者围手术期恐惧与焦虑症状间的中介效应。方法纳入2021年1月至2023年4月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治的225例肺癌围手术期患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查量表、心理韧性评定量表、领悟社会支持量表、外科手术恐惧问卷、状态-特质焦虑量表进行问卷调查,采用Pearson相关性分析心理韧性、家庭支持及手术恐惧与焦虑症状的相关性,采用Process的Model 6分析心理韧性及家庭支持在肺癌患者围手术期恐惧与焦虑症状的中介效应。结果研究纳入220例肺癌患者,焦虑症状得分为(49.22±10.17)分。不同年龄、受教育年限、肿瘤分期、心理韧性及家庭支持得分的患者的焦虑症状得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。焦虑症状得分与恐惧得分呈正相关(r=0.85,P<0.05),与心理韧性(r=-0.90,P<0.05)及家庭支持得分(r=-0.81,P<0.05)呈负相关。链式中介效应分析显示,围手术期恐惧→心理韧性→焦虑症状的效应值为0.36,占总效应的63.54%,占总间接效应的75.30%,间接效应1成立(P=0.0214);围手术期恐惧→家庭支持→焦虑症状的效应值为0.06,占总效应的11.21%,占总间接效应的13.29%,间接效应2成立(P=0.0013);围手术期恐惧→心理韧性→家庭支持→焦虑症状的效应值为0.05,占总效应的9.63%,占总间接效应的11.41%,间接效应3成立(P=0.0025)。结论肺癌患者围手术期表现出较为显著的焦虑症状,心理韧性和家庭支持在肺癌患者围手术期恐惧与焦虑症状间存在链式中介效应,临床医护人员可以根据围手术期恐惧影响焦虑症状的路径,促进患者的心理韧性和家庭支持,改善肺癌患者焦虑症状。

2006—2020年中国居民丙肝发病趋势的年龄-时期-队列效应分析

目的:分析2006—2020年中国居民丙肝发病趋势,为丙肝防治工作提供参考依据。方法:基于2006—2020年中国丙肝发病率数据,构建年龄-时期-队列模型,分析丙肝发病趋势及年龄、时期、出生队列对发病率的影响。结果:中国居民丙肝发病率由2006年的5.41/10万上升至2020年的13.82/10万,纵向年龄曲线呈“J”字形上升趋势,时期RR值随着时间先上升后下降,出生队列效应呈倒“W”变化趋势。结论:中国居民丙肝发病率总体呈上升趋势,受年龄和出生队列效应的影响较大,对此,应加强丙肝防治知识的宣传教育,积极落实丙肝防治措施,控制传播途径,有效推动和助力实现2030年消除丙肝公共卫生危害各项工作目标。

青少年身体素质发展“敏感期”特性与训练干预“溢出效应”机理研究

发展身体素质是提升人体运动能力的基础,敏感时间限制、训练效应的不可逆性与特异性是身体素质发展“敏感期”的基本特征,身高增长速度峰值(PHV)是确立身体素质发展“敏感期”的有效方法。训练干预“溢出效应”的机理研究需要综合考虑神经系统的发育可塑性、肌肉和骨骼系统的适应能力以及激素水平的动态变化等方面因素。通过科学的训练计划和适当的环境刺激,可以在“敏感期”内将训练效益最大化,实现身体素质的最优发展。研究旨在为儿童和青少年的体育教育和运动锻炼提供科学依据,帮助制定更有效的训练计划,以促进身体素质的整体发展。