The Structural Characteristics of Side-Opening Costumes during the Republic Period of China

The structural characteristics of Chinese side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China were investigated.By measuring and recovering the physical structures of side-opening costume objects from the Folk Costumes Biography Museum of Jiangnan University,three structural characteristics were analyzed.These structural characteristics show that most of the side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China remain traditional Chinese costume structures.The general structural characteristics of side-opening costumes are concluded and the structural cutting methods can inspire current designs as well as provide useful references for contemporary fashion designers.

A Brief Reading of the Republic of China Era Journal "Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"

As one of the many traditional Chinese medicine journals in the Republic of China(ROC)era,the journal"Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"had been published for 11 consecutive years.It has rich content and covers a wide range of topics.It has important reference value for studying the direction of cultural development,political dynamics,and development trends of Chinese and Western medicine during the ROC era,and the journal was intended to spread the classics and clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine,making it a medical treasure house.This paper mainly introduces the current status of the journal,the date of its inception,and its main content,features and contributions.

Applicability evaluation of ERA5 wind and wave reanalysis data in the South China Sea

Wind and wave data are essential in climatological and engineering design applications.In this study,data from 15 buoys located throughout the South China Sea(SCS)were used to evaluate the ERA5 wind and wave data.Applicability assessment are beneficial for gaining insight into the reliability of the ERA5 data in the SCS.The bias range between the ERA5 and observed wind-speed data was-0.78-0.99 m/s.The result indicates that,while the ERA5 wind-speed data underestimation was dominate,the overestimation of such data existed as well.Additionally,the ERA5 data underestimated annual maximum wind-speed by up to 38%,with a correlation coefficient>0.87.The bias between the ERA5 and observed significant wave height(SWH)data varied from-0.24 to 0.28 m.And the ERA5 data showed positive SWH bias,which implied a general underestimation at all locations,except those in the Beibu Gulf and centralwestern SCS,where overestimation was observed.Under extreme conditions,annual maximum SWH in the ERA5 data was underestimated by up to 30%.The correlation coefficients between the ERA5 and observed SWH data at all locations were greater than 0.92,except in the central-western SCS(0.84).The bias between the ERA5 and observed mean wave period(MWP)data varied from-0.74 to 0.57 s.The ERA5 data showed negative MWP biases implying a general overestimation at all locations,except for B1(the Beibu Gulf)and B7(the northeastern SCS),where underestimation was observed.The correlation coefficient between the ERA5 and observed MWP data in the Beibu Gulf was the smallest(0.56),and those of other locations fluctuated within a narrow range from 0.82 to 0.90.The intercomparison indicates that during the analyzed time-span,the ERA5 data generally underestimated wind-speed and SWH,but overestimated MWP.Under non-extreme conditions,the ERA5 wind-speed and SWH data can be used with confidence in most regions of the SCS,except in the central-western SCS.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

Rural Survey of Agricultural College of University of Nanking in the Republic of China and Its Realistic Enlightenment

In the new era of implementing the rural revitalization strategy,it is necessary and indispensable to review and sort out the rural survey of the Agricultural College of University of Nanking and think about its beneficial enlightenment.

Comparison study on calculation methods of bending behavior of Chinese reinforced concrete beams from 1912 to 1949

In order to study the calculation methods of bending behavior of Chinese reinforced concrete beams from 1912 to 1949, tests on the mechanical performance of 66 rebars from different modem Chinese concrete buildings, the concrete compressive strength of 12 modem Chinese concrete buildings, and the concrete cover thickness of 9 modem Chinese concrete buildings are carried out; and the actual material properties and structural conformations of modem Chinese concrete buildings are obtained. Then, the comparison on calculation methods of bending behavior including the original Chinese calculation method, the present Chinese calculation method, the present American calculation method and the present European calculation method is studied. The results show that the original Chinese calculation method of bending behavior is based on the allowable stress calculation method, and the design safety factors are 3.55 to 4. 0. In term of the calculation area of longitudinal rebars of reinforced concrete beams, without considering earthquake action, the original Chinese structural calculation method is safer than the present Chinese structural calculation method, the present European structural calculation method, and the present American structural calculation method. The results can provide support for the structural safety assessments of modem Chinese reinforced concrete buildings.

基于adobe acrobat professional的民国期刊数字化建设——以《农学报》为例

通过介绍华南农业大学图书馆利用adobe acrobat professional对《农学报》进行数字化建设的经验,和方便读者利用数字化民国期刊而对期刊内容建立目录索引的方法,从而总结出利用adobe acrobat professional对民国期刊内容建立目录索引的规范要求。

Comparative Studies on Calculation Methods of Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams of Chinese Modern Reinforced Concrete Buildings

In order to study the calculation methods of shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams of Chinese modern reinforced concrete buildings,this paper carried out tests on the concrete compressive strength of 12 Chinese modern concrete buildings,the mechanical properties of 66 rebars from different Chinese modern concrete buildings,and the concrete cover thickness of 9 Chinese modern concrete buildings,and the actual material properties and structural configurations have been obtained. Then,the comparison on calculation methods include the Chinese original calculation method,the Chinese present calculation method,the American present calculation method and the European present calculation method is studied with case analysis method.The results show that the Chinese original calculation method of shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams is based on the allowable stress calculation method,and the design safety factors are 3. 55- 4. 00. The standard value of the compressive strength of concrete cubes is 8. 48 MPa,the standard value of the concrete tensile strength is 1.20 MPa,the standard value of the yield strength of rectangular rebars is 229. 56 MPa,and the standard value of the yield strength of round rebars is 276. 82 MPa. The average value of the concrete cover thickness of beams and columns is 35.96 mm. In term of calculation area of hoop rebars of reinforced concrete beams,without considering earthquake loads,the Chinese original structural calculation method is safer than the Chinese present structural calculation method,but is more unsafe than the American present structural calculation method and the European present structural calculation method. The results can provide the support for structural safety assessments and repair designs of Chinese modern reinforced concrete buildings.

An introduction to the history of the library communication between China and the United States in the Republic of China period: Literature review, knowledge base and the division of historical periods

The history of library communication between China and the United States in the Republic of China period is an important topic for understanding the origin of China’s librarianship and Library Science.

The Two Urban Planning Efforts of Shantou in the City Hall Era of the Republic of China

This paper discusses Shantou's two urban planning efforts in the City Hall era of the Republic of China, revealing how the two efforts help Shantou to become a modern city by analyzing the planning processes including data collection, planning analysis, functional zoning, road system design, and old city redevelopment. As pioneers of urban planning practice, the city executives and technical experts of Shantou set a goal to build the city into a "perfect region" and "Garden City," aiming to create a precedent for "civil city development." Based on institutional construction and the introduction of European and American urban planning theories and experience, the rebirth of Shantou City with business characteristics had been gradually achieved by modifying and improving its city plans.

Between Tradition and Modernity:The Re-trial System of the Beiyang Period in the Early Republic of China(1912-1928)

During the Beiyang period of the early Republic of China,the re-trial system 覆判 referred to the practice where cases considered by the county magistrate had to be sent to the provincial high court for re-trial to ensure that the case facts were true,the law was correctly applied,and the penalties were appropriate.The scope of the re-trial cases continuously expanded from 1912 to 1922 and,finally,the Amendment to the Statutes on the Re-trial System in 1922 stipulated that all cases under the jurisdiction of the district courts where county magistrates tried,whether through appeal or re-trial,had to be re-tried by the high court or its branches.The adjustment of the scope of the re-trial cases was closely related to the extent to which the county magistrates'judicial discretion was restricted.During the Beiyang period,due to the failure to establish fornial courts of the first instance in counties throughout the country,the county magistrates concurrently handled judicial affairs,which inevitably caused the magistrates’judicial discretion.The re-trial system was originally designed to compensate for the drawbacks of county magistrates managing judicial affairs and to facilitate the transition within the judicial system.However,the interpretation of the role of the re-trial system should not be limited to reconciliation and adaptation of the old and new judicial systems in the Beiyang period but also to compensate for the deficiencies of county magistrates,judgments by continuously improving the re-trial procedure and to ensure the fairness of justice through restrictions on the judicial discretion of county magistrates,the enjoyment of equality of procedures,and the establishment of supervision procedures.

民国时期报刊术语研究——以“Literary Criticism”(文学批评)为例

民国时期是中西文化、观念交互的热潮时期。国外的教育体系、学科分治以及理论术语都渐进国内,“Literary Criticism”(文学批评)便是其中之一。报刊作为当时信息负载量最大、传播速度及范围最广的媒介,术语初始的引入、争论、内涵、变革踪迹在报刊记载中较后人追述的更为鲜活,更具历史真实感。文章通过阅览近300余篇以“文学批评”为主题的民国报刊,从“文学、文学批评、文学批评家”命名之辨;“新旧、中外、文论早期转型”以及“科学、权力、话语言说启示”三个方面分析了民国时期语境中的“文学批评”中国之旅,之特征,之提示。

δ^(13)C_(org) perturbations preserved by the interglacial Datangpo Formation in South China with implications for stratigraphic correlation and carbon cycle

Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Cryogenian Period have attracted attention in relation to the debated“Snowball Earth”hypothesis and the early evolution of metazoan life.The carbon cycle and redox conditions of the Sturtian-Marinoan non-glacial interval have been subjected to much controversy in the past decades because of the lack of a high-resolution stratigraphic correlation scheme.As one of the typical Sturtian-Marinoan interglacial deposits,the Datangpo Formation was widely distributed in South China with shales continuously deposited.The previous zircon dating data of the Datangpo Formation provide important ages for global constrain of the Sturtian-Marinoan non-glacial interval.Here we present a high-resolution straitigraphic study of the organic carbon isotopes of the Datangpo Formation from a drill core section in northern Guizhou Province.Based on measured episodicδ^(13)C_(org) perturbations,three positive shifts and three negative excursions are identified.Aδ^(13)C_(org)-based chemostratigraphic correlation scheme is proposed herein that works well for the Datangpo Formation regionally.Meanwhile,theδ^(13)C_(org) vertical gradients changed dynamically throughout the formation.This discovery implies that a significant ocean circulation overturn might have occurred in the upper Datangpo Formation,coinciding with the potential oxygenation.

民国时期职业教育资源分布研究

民国时期我国职业教育资源在国家政策等因素影响下,呈现出时间、空间及不同类型职业学校分布有所差异的特征,主要表现为地区分布不均衡但逐渐全面,集中于公立职业学校之中,抗日战争全面爆发前后分布有所差异等。民国时期职业教育资源分布是我国当前职业教育资源分布的基础,也为我国当前职业教育资源分布提供了相应镜鉴:承接分布传统,实现职业教育资源合理分布;完善国家顶层设计,均衡职业教育资源分布;优化职业教育资源供给,形成优质资源共享;加强专项建设,提高薄弱地区资源配置效率;国内外职业教育资源协同共建,引进国外职业教育资源。

民国时期建教合作政策的生成与转化——话语分析的视角

建教合作政策是产教融合政策的前身之一,话语分析是解构它的准备、生产与消费谱系的可行方法。在话语准备中,民国时期的特殊社会语境赋予建教学校、行政运行、专业教学三组政策群以经济、政治、文化色彩。话语权势、话语秩序、话语立场的由民转官、由弱转强、由建议转命令三处语用转折显示了建教合作政策的话语生产节点。在政府、媒体、政策部门中,建教合作政策的话语消费表现为稳定性、演绎性、共时性3条互文逻辑。基于话语准备、话语生产、话语消费的维度展开对民国时期建教合作政策的析理与透视,除了能够厘清民国时期建教合作政策的诞生情况,还能讨论当下产教融合政策的发展。

民国二三十年代上海阅读指导述评

阅读推广在民国文献中的表现形式为阅读指导。民国二三十年代,上海的图书馆数量居于全国之首,但一般民众对于阅读图书感觉并不需要。为培养民众阅读兴趣,图书馆突破传统藏书楼“重藏轻用”桎梏,兴起“开放潮流”,吸引民众到图书馆来,推送图书到民众中去,指导民众阅读。文章从原始资料入手,对这一时期上海图书馆界的阅读推广与指导实践进行梳理,以期对当今阅读推广工作有所启发。

民国时期高校教学活动对中华优秀传统文化的传承发展研究

民国时期,在相关政策与制度设计中,中华优秀传统文化内容是大学课程体系的重要组成部分。在大学入学考试及学生日常学业考评中,中华传统文化内容也是考核的重要方面,传统经典被列为教科书与参考书,传统文化底蕴深厚的教师潜移默化地影响着学生对传统文化的认知。民国时期大学对中华优秀传统文化的传承与发展体现在教学考核、教科书编选以及课堂教学等方方面面,贯穿教学活动全过程。在西方文化强力东渐、传统文化遭受冲击之时,民国时期的大学没有摒弃本土立场,而是根据时代变化和需求,对中华优秀传统文化持续坚守且推动其发展,彰显出珍贵的文化自省和自信。

国际体育参与对民族国家意识的建构——基于民国时期中国参与远东运动会和奥运会的考察

20世纪初,中国在世界资本主义洪流的席卷下开启了构建现代民族国家的历程。受西方文化的影响,现代体育在清末民初传入中国之际即被引以为“救国强种”的有效途径,并与政治紧密结合。借助文献资料,运用史学研究的基本方法,基于中国在20世纪上半叶的远东运动会及奥运会参与史,发现在民国时期通过国际体育参与,包括收回国人体育领导权、积极参与国际体育竞争等,强化了中国的独立自主意识,推动了民众参与国家政治议程,塑造了国民的国家意识和民族认同,并借助远东运动会和奥运会在争取国际合法权益、表达国家立场及输出民族传统体育文化等行动中推进了作为现代民族国家的外交进程,表达了参与国际事务、融入国际社会的意愿。

民国时期四川体育期刊研究

民国时期,四川先后至少发行过9种体育期刊,这些期刊是探究民国初期和抗战时期,四川、西南地区,乃至全国体育发展状况的重要文献来源。文章依托原始文献,运用内容分析法,对民国时期四川发行的体育期刊进行综合考察。研究发现,四川发行的体育期刊有其独特的特点:(1)体育期刊出现的时间相对较早,时间跨度较大;(2)体育期刊种类相对较多,但期数较少;(3)作者群中体育精英云集;(4)突出体育救国,重视战时体育和国防体育。在期刊对体育发展的影响方面,主要体现在五个方面:(1)注重学术研究,促进了体育理论探索的深入和体育知识、常识的普及;(2)重视体育教育,推动了学校体育的进步;(3)关注体育动态,促进了体育信息的交流和传播;(4)重视体育历史,促进了体育史研究的发展;(5)注重经验总结,促进了政府和民众对体育重要性的认识。

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。