Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

CHAOS AND BIFURCATION OF PHASE-LOCKING LOOPS UNDER PERIODIC PERTURBATION

This paper discusses the chaos and bifurcation for equation x+cosxx+asinx =ebsint. By use of the Melnikov method the conditions to have the chaotic behavior and to have subharmonic oscillations are given.

ELASTIC WAVE LOCALIZATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHONONIC CRYSTALS WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUASI-PERIODICITY AND RANDOM DISORDER

The band structures of both in-plane and anti-plane elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional ordered and disordered （in one direction） phononic crystals are studied in this paper. The localization of wave propagation due to random disorder is discussed by introducing the concept of the localization factor that is calculated by the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. By treating the quasi-periodicity as the deviation from the periodicity in a special way, two kinds of quasi phononic crystal that has quasi-periodicity （Fibonacci sequence） in one direction and translational symmetry in the other direction are considered and the band structures are characterized by using localization factors. The results show that the localization factor is an effective parameter in characterizing the band gaps of two-dimensional perfect, randomly disordered and quasi-periodic phononic crystals. Band structures of the phononic crystals can be tuned by different random disorder or changing quasi-periodic parameters. The quasi phononic crystals exhibit more band gaps with narrower width than the ordered and randomly disordered systems.

Flexible Time Domain Averaging Technique

Time domain averaging(TDA) is essentially a comb filter,it cannot extract the specified harmonics which may be caused by some faults,such as gear eccentric.Meanwhile,TDA always suffers from period cutting error(PCE) to different extent.Several improved TDA methods have been proposed,however they cannot completely eliminate the waveform reconstruction error caused by PCE.In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional methods,a flexible time domain averaging(FTDA) technique is established,which adapts to the analyzed signal through adjusting each harmonic of the comb filter.In this technique,the explicit form of FTDA is first constructed by frequency domain sampling.Subsequently,chirp Z-transform(CZT) is employed in the algorithm of FTDA,which can improve the calculating efficiency significantly.Since the signal is reconstructed in the continuous time domain,there is no PCE in the FTDA.To validate the effectiveness of FTDA in the signal de-noising,interpolation and harmonic reconstruction,a simulated multi-components periodic signal that corrupted by noise is processed by FTDA.The simulation results show that the FTDA is capable of recovering the periodic components from the background noise effectively.Moreover,it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 7.9 dB compared with conventional ones.Experiments are also carried out on gearbox test rigs with chipped tooth and eccentricity gear,respectively.It is shown that the FTDA can identify the direction and severity of the eccentricity gear,and further enhances the amplitudes of impulses by 35%.The proposed technique not only solves the problem of PCE,but also provides a useful tool for the fault symptom extraction of rotating machinery.

Unstable and exact periodic solutions of three-particles time-dependent FPU chains

For lower dimensional Fermi–Pasta–Ulam（FPU） chains, the α-chain is completely integrable and the Hamiltonian of the β-chain can be identified with the H′enon–Heiles Hamiltonian. When the strengths α, β of the nonlinearities depend on time periodically with the same frequencies as the natural angular frequencies, the resonance phenomenon is inevitable. In this paper, for certain periodic functions α（t） and β（t） with resonance frequencies, we give the existence and stability of some nontrivial exact periodic solutions for a one-dimensional αβ-FPU model composed of three particles with periodic boundary conditions.

Analysis of the periodic solutions of a smooth and discontinuous oscillator

In this paper, the periodic solutions of the smooth and discontinuous （SD） oscillator, which is a strongly irra- tional nonlinear system are discussed for the system having a viscous damping and an external harmonic excitation. A four dimensional averaging method is employed by using the complete Jacobian elliptic integrals directly to obtain the perturbed primary responses which bifurcate from both the hyperbolic saddle and the non-hyperbolic centres of the un- perturbed system. The stability of these periodic solutions is analysed by examining the four dimensional averaged equa- tion using Lyapunov method. The results presented herein this paper are valid for both smooth （e 〉 0） and discontin- uous （ce = 0） stages providing the answer to the question why the averaging theorem spectacularly fails for the case of medium strength of external forcing in the Duffing system analysed by Holmes. Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the theoretical predictions and an excellent efficiency of the analysis for this particular system, which also suggests the analysis is applicable to strongly nonlinear systems.

Long-Term Joint Distribution of One-Tenth Large (or Significant) Wave Height with Average Period

In this paper, by using the wave data from a few oceanographic observation stations in the coastal zone of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the long-term joint distribution of the one-tenth large (or significant) wave height with average period is studied. The statistical data demonstrate that the long- term distribution of the one- tenth wave height or average period fits the log-normal distribution, thus the joint distribution also fits the two-dimensional log-normal distribution. Then the conditional probability distribution of the average period is derived, and the range as well as the mode of the average wave period corresponding to a certain return period of wave height can be calculated easily.

AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MOTIONUNDER RAPIDLY OSCILLATING FORCING

A class of large scale geophysical fluid flows are modelled by the quasi-geostrophic equation. An averaging principle for quasi-geostrophic motion under rapidly oscil-lating ( non-autonomous) forcing was obtained, both on finite but large time intervals and on the entire time axis. This includes comparison estimate, stability estimate, and convergence result between quasi-geostrophic motions and its averaged motions. Furthermore, the existence of almost periodic quasi-geostrophic motions and attractor convergence were also investigated.

Periodic Solutions of Some Polynomial Differential Systems in R<sup>4</4>

We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions of the polynomial fourth order differential system , where A is a 4 × 4 constant matrix, P1, P2, P3 and P4 are polynomials in the variables x, y, u, v of degrees n, hi(t) = hi(t + 2π) with i = 1, 2, 3, 4 being periodic functions and ε is a small parameter.

Simultaneous Periodic Orbits Bifurcating from Two Zero-Hopf Equilibria in a Tritrophic Food Chain Model

We are interested in the coexistence of three species forming a tritrophic food chain model. Considering a linear grow for the lowest trophic species or prey, and a type III Holling functional response for the middle and highest trophic species (first and second predator respectively). We prove that this model exhibits two small amplitud periodic solutions bifurcating simultaneously each one from one of the two zero-Hopf equilibrium points that the model has adequate values of its parameters. As far as we know, this is the first time that the phenomena appear in the literature related with food chain models.

Periodic Solutions of a Class of Second-Order Differential Equation

We study the periodic solutions of the second-order differential equations of the form where the functions, , and are periodic of period in the variable t.

深度学习提高有效波高预报精度的实验分析

海浪预报对于指导海上生产活动具有重要作用,随着观测技术和人工智能技术的快速发展,海浪观测数据大量积累,采用大数据结合深度学习的方法是当今数字时代提高海浪预报精度的有效手段。本研究采用深度学习中的长短时记忆网络(Long short-term memory, LSTM)模型建立海浪预报订正模型,基于董家口港区现场海浪观测数据,对海浪数值模式的预报结果开展订正实验,使用均方根误差(RMSE)与相关系数(COR)作为订正效果的评价指标。实验结果表明:将平均周期与有效波高作为输入变量进行模式训练,得到的LSTM模型可令海浪预报的RMSE由0.26 m降至0.14 m,预报精度提高了46%;将平均周期纳入输入变量对LSTM订正模型的订正效果有明显改善,主要体现在对相关系数的改善,可以使COR提高10%;与传统订正方案相比,LSTM能够通过加入相关变量提高订正能力。本研究成果可广泛应用于其他海域的海浪数值预报结果订正,对提高海浪预报精度具有重要现实意义。

集合预报降雨信息在寸滩-三峡区间的精度评价和可利用性评估

降雨数值预报在预防极端天气和其他气象事件方面具有重要作用。通过提供可靠的概率预报,可以更准确地描述预报结果的不确定性,为决策者提供科学依据,从而提高应用价值和经济价值。以寸滩-三峡区间为研究对象,根据TIGGE资料中的ECMWF和NCEP 2种模式,对2020-2022年(5-10月)逐日降水集合预报信息的精度进行评估。首先,采用Talagrand分布和Brier评分来评估不同预见期的集合预报能力;然后,采用贝叶斯模型平均(Bayesian model averaging,BMA)来修正集合预报;最后,对不同预见期的BMA修正值和实际降雨值之间的误差进行分析。结果显示:ECMWF和NCEP 2种模式的预报能力随预见期的增加逐渐下降,在不同预见期下,通过BMA修正后的降雨预报值具有更高的精度。

面向电动燃油泵的电磁热耦合数值模拟

针对电动燃油泵的生热问题,提出一种周期性平均损耗的分布式热源模型。建立永磁同步电机的电磁-热双向耦合模型,并数值模拟电机各部件的损耗特性和其在不同转速时的稳态温度分布。结果表明:电动燃油泵在转速为6 000 r/min、供油压力为8 MPa时,其内部电机的最高温度可达407.8 K,位于定子铁芯的齿部,且温度沿径向向外逐渐降低至393.9 K;在高温环境中工作时,电动燃油泵的寿命与可靠性会随永磁体磁性的减弱而逐渐降低。

平均降采样多周期微分均值的旋转部件故障特征增强方法

为解决编码器的瞬时角速度(Instantaneous Angular Speed,IAS)信号中旋转部件故障特征微弱的难题,本文提出一种平均降采样多周期微分均值(Average Down⁃Sampling Multi⁃period Differential Means,ADSMPDM)的故障特征增强方法。基于IAS信号的估计特性,开展了IAS信号的平均降采样研究,验证了平均降采样具有抑制随机噪声的特性;基于平均降采样抑制随机噪声特性、降低计算成本和减小存储空间的优势,结合多周期微分均值的累积特性,提出一种ADSMPDM算法对原始IAS信号中的旋转部件故障分量进行增强处理;通过阶次谱分析揭示故障特征。采用仿真数据和实验数据进行验证分析,并与快速谱峭度、可调整多点优化最小熵反卷积、离散随机分离和谱幅值调制算法进行对比,验证了ADSMPDM算法增强旋转部件故障特征的有效性和优势。

基于改进年内展布法的河道基本生态需水过程分析研究

为科学分析计算河流生态水文过程对径流的年内动态需求,以河南省淮河干流大坡岭站、息县站、淮滨站等3个水文断面为研究对象,基于各站1956~2016年天然月均流量数据,运用改进的年内展布法计算生态流量过程,并与原年内展布法、Q p法、近10年最枯月平均流量法、Tennant法及最小月均径流量年内过程进行综合对比分析。结果表明,淮河干流河南段从大坡岭站到息县站、淮滨站基本生态流量依次增大,各水文断面一般用水期基本生态需水量在多年年均径流量占比达10.5%~11.8%,鱼类产卵育幼期占比达24.9%~30.0%。改进的年内展布法分析结果不仅继承了原方法较好反映天然径流的年内丰枯变化规律,又可以削弱极端水文事件的影响,提高了河道基本生态需水要求的生态功能目标的满足程度,适用于分析计算季节性明显河道基本生态需水量。该计算成果客观合理,对于科学确定河道内生态需水过程具有借鉴意义。

大尺寸岩石在低频周期扰动载荷下的力学特性试验研究

岩石长期处于高静应力状态且频繁受到周期扰动载荷的影响是引发各种地质灾害的关键因素。利用自制的CX-8568冲击扰动围岩试验系统对大尺寸红砂岩开展了低频周期扰动载荷下的力学特性试验,分析了高应力状态下不同扰动平均应力、不同扰动载荷幅值下岩石的应变、损伤变量的演化规律。结果表明:岩石在周期扰动载荷下的破坏存在门槛值,其载荷低于门槛值时岩石不会发生破坏,岩石弹性模量存在强化现象;高扰动平均应力、高扰动载荷幅值均为岩石破坏的不利因素;当扰动上限应力超过岩石单轴抗压强度后,扰动平均应力和扰动载荷幅值的增大对岩石破坏时的循环次数影响愈发显著;当扰动上限应力相同,但扰动平均应力和扰动载荷幅值不同时,岩石破坏对扰动平均应力的敏感度高于扰动载荷幅值;周期扰动载荷下岩石破坏较静态加载更剧烈;随着扰动平均应力或扰动载荷幅值的提高,岩石破坏形态由以拉剪破坏为主导过渡至以拉伸劈裂破坏为主导。

黄土高原近30年降水集中度分析及时空演变特征

选取近30年的黄土高原地区58个气象站点的降水数据,分析了黄土高原年降水以及降水集中度(PCD)和集中期(PCP)的时空变化特征,结果表明:(1)黄土高原地区年均降水量在50~900 mm,空间分布上东南高西北低。降水高值区分布在三门峡站与武功站附近以及五台山站,年均降水量为900 mm;低值区位于临河站附近,年均降水量为50 mm;(2)黄土高原地区的降水集中度分布于0.43~0.76,自东南向西北递增;而降水集中期的变化则不太明显,多集中于夏季的7-8月份。因此在降水集中的7-8月份,水土流失会比较加重,应加强水土流失防治工程,在降水量大的月份做好灾害防护,为工农业生产提供预警,减少工农业生产损失与经济损失。

生血宝联合琥珀酸亚铁治疗产褥期缺铁性贫血对外周血RBC、Mcv、Sf水平的影响

目的:探讨生血宝联合琥珀酸亚铁治疗产褥期缺铁性贫血对外周血红细胞计数(Red blood cell count,RBC)、平均红细胞体积(Mean corpuscular volume,Mcv)、血清铁蛋白(Serum ferritin,Sf)水平的影响。方法:选择2020年3月~2023年12月本院收治的60例产褥期缺铁性贫血产妇作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组接受琥珀酸亚铁治疗,观察组接受琥珀酸亚铁联合生血宝治疗。比较治疗前、治疗1m后两组血液指标[RBC、Mcv、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)]、铁代谢指标[Sf、转铁蛋白受体(Soluble transferrin receptor,STFR)、转铁蛋白饱和度(Transferin saturation,TSAT)]的变化情况,并比较两组疗效和治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组RBC、MCV、MCH、Sf、TSAT水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),STFR水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:生血宝联合琥珀酸亚铁可改善产褥期缺铁性贫血患者血液学指标,提高红细胞的发育程度,改善铁代谢水平。

Global periodic attractor of a class of third-order phase-locked loop

The uniform boundedness and existence of a global periodic attractor for a third-order phase-locked loop with general phase detector characteristics and frequency modulation input is proved under some parametric conditions.