Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

Redefining the concept of professionalism in nursing:an integrative review

Objective:In today’s world with sweeping changes,nurses are responsible for providing high-quality and cost-benefit care,which would almost be impossible unless they achieve their high professional status.To date,no precise and comprehensive definition of professionalism in nursing has been evidently proposed.In fact,many of the previously proposed definitions are either complicated or ambiguous.Moreover,there is no consensus in the literature on an exhaustive definition for“a professional nurse.”The present study aimed to illustrate the concept of professionalism in nursing and identify its defining characteristics.Methods:In this study,concept analysis was conducted using Whittemore et al.’s method for the integrated review.A comprehensive search of electronic,scientific databases including Eric,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,EBSCO,PsychoINFO,Embass,MagIran,IranDoc,SID,and IRANMEDEX was carried out using the keywords such as professionalism,professional behavior,nursing professionalism(NP),professional attribute,and nursing.Results:In the present study,a comprehensive search of 11 electronic databases retrieved 5738 articles.Then,2837 duplicate articles were removed by endnote(version 8).Based on a preliminary examination of the titles and abstracts as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria,1517 articles were excluded.In addition,137 articles were removed for scientific reasons.Finally,52 articles in English and Persian were selected.Content analysis of the articles revealed four major themes,namely,individual prerequisite,professional prerequisite,appropriate structure,and socio-individual factors.Conclusions:Professionalism in nursing is a major,multidimensional concept according to the literature that included individual prerequisites,professional prerequisites,appropriate structures,and socio-individual factors.In fact,professionalism in nursing comprises a wide range of personal characteristics,self-regulation,professional values,striving to acquire and enhance professional expertise,professional interactions,social,professional,and legal responsibility,and creation of a sense of belonging,and professional development.

Effect of Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Heterogeneous Mg_(88)Y_8Zn_4 Alloy

The microstructure evolutions and mechanical properties of a heterogeneous Mg88Y8Zn4（in at.%） alloy during multi-pass equal channel angular pressing（ECAP） were systematically investigated in this work.The results show that four phases,i.e.α-Mg,18 R long period stacking ordered（LPSO） phase,Mg24Y5 and Y-rich phase,are present in cast alloy.During ECAP,dynamic recrystallization（DRX） occurs and the diameter of DRXedα-Mg grains decreases to 0.8 μm.Moreover,precipitation of lamellar 14 H LPSO structure is developed withinα-Mg phase.Both the refinement of α-Mg grains and precipitation of 14 H LPSO contribute to the increase in micro-hardness from 98 HV to 135 HV for α-Mg.In addition,a simplified model describing the evolution of 18 R LPSO phase is established,which illustrates that 18 R undergoes a four-step morphological evolution with increasing strains during ECAP,i.e.original lath → bent lath → cracked lath → smaller particles.Compression test results indicate that the alloy has been markedly strengthened after multi-pass ECAP,and the main reason for the significantly enhanced mechanical properties could be ascribed to the DRXed α-Mg grains,newly precipitated 14 H lamellas,18 R kinking and refined 18 R particles.