A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall f...A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper Ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. In chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.展开更多
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid ...Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract and peripheral blood lymphocytes. EHV-1 infection induces both humoral and cellular immune responses in horses. Virus neutralising antibody, particularly in the nasopharynx, is to kill free virus shed from infected epithelial cells. Hence this antibody has important functions in reducing virus shedding and spreading infection to cohorts. Cellular immune responses, particularly those carried out by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), have been shown to be effective in killing virus-infected cells in vitro. This review underlines the state of knowledge regarding immunity to EHV-1 and also its interaction with equine lymphocyte. Finally, the review also includes the importance of the viral immediate early (IE) protein in the pathogenesis of EHV-1. This information can be used as the basis for future research.展开更多
The interactions of CD4^(+)T cells and B cells are fundamental for the generation of protective antibody responses,as well as for the development of harmful autoimmune diseases.Recent studies of human tissues and bloo...The interactions of CD4^(+)T cells and B cells are fundamental for the generation of protective antibody responses,as well as for the development of harmful autoimmune diseases.Recent studies of human tissues and blood samples have established a new subset of CD4^(+)B helper T cells named peripheral helper T(Tph)cells.Unlike T follicular helper(Tfh)cells,which interact with B cells within lymphoid organs,Tph cells provide help to B cells within inflamed tissues.Tph cells share many B helper-associated functions with Tfh cells and induce B cell differentiation toward antibody-producing cells.The differentiation mechanism is also partly shared between Tph and Tfh cells in humans,and both Tfh and Tph cells can be found within the same tissues,including cancer tissues.However,Tph cells display features distinct from those of Tfh cells,such as the expression of chemokine receptors associated with Tph cell localization within inflamed tissues and a low Bd-6/Blimp1 ratio.Unlike that of Tfh cells,current evidence shows that the target of Tph cells is limited to memory B cells.In this review,we first summarize recent findings on human Tph cells and discuss how Tph and Tfh cells play shared and distinct roles in human diseases.展开更多
目的:探讨外周T细胞淋巴瘤(Peripheral T cell lymphoma,PTCL)患者记忆T细胞(CD45RO+T)以及初始T细胞(CD45RA+T)在外周血中的不同分布特点的临床意义。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2014年2月收治的27例PTCL患者,以同期30例健康体检者作为对...目的:探讨外周T细胞淋巴瘤(Peripheral T cell lymphoma,PTCL)患者记忆T细胞(CD45RO+T)以及初始T细胞(CD45RA+T)在外周血中的不同分布特点的临床意义。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2014年2月收治的27例PTCL患者,以同期30例健康体检者作为对照,通过比较PTCL患者与健康受试者外周血中CD45RO+T、CD45RA+T的分布差异,分析不同临床分期的PTCL患者外周血中上述指标的差异。结果:PTCL患者的淋巴结中T细胞抗原呈多样性表达,以CD4+为主要免疫表型,无B细胞相关抗原表达;患者组外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+T显著低于正常组(P<0.05),CD4+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RO+T显著高于正常组(P<0.05);I/II期PTCL患者外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+T显著高于III/IV期患者(P<0.05),CD4+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RO+T显著低于III/IV期患者(P<0.05)。结论:CD45RO+T和CD45RA+T在PTCL患者中存在明显的分布差异,针对其不同分布情况制定相应PTCL的处理方案,可提高PTCL的确诊率,改善患者的预后。展开更多
基金Supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,CONICET,PIP Nos.0032 and 11220120100619CO
文摘A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper Ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. In chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.
文摘Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract and peripheral blood lymphocytes. EHV-1 infection induces both humoral and cellular immune responses in horses. Virus neutralising antibody, particularly in the nasopharynx, is to kill free virus shed from infected epithelial cells. Hence this antibody has important functions in reducing virus shedding and spreading infection to cohorts. Cellular immune responses, particularly those carried out by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), have been shown to be effective in killing virus-infected cells in vitro. This review underlines the state of knowledge regarding immunity to EHV-1 and also its interaction with equine lymphocyte. Finally, the review also includes the importance of the viral immediate early (IE) protein in the pathogenesis of EHV-1. This information can be used as the basis for future research.
基金supported by the Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation(AMED-CREST)from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED,to HU)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan(to HY).
文摘The interactions of CD4^(+)T cells and B cells are fundamental for the generation of protective antibody responses,as well as for the development of harmful autoimmune diseases.Recent studies of human tissues and blood samples have established a new subset of CD4^(+)B helper T cells named peripheral helper T(Tph)cells.Unlike T follicular helper(Tfh)cells,which interact with B cells within lymphoid organs,Tph cells provide help to B cells within inflamed tissues.Tph cells share many B helper-associated functions with Tfh cells and induce B cell differentiation toward antibody-producing cells.The differentiation mechanism is also partly shared between Tph and Tfh cells in humans,and both Tfh and Tph cells can be found within the same tissues,including cancer tissues.However,Tph cells display features distinct from those of Tfh cells,such as the expression of chemokine receptors associated with Tph cell localization within inflamed tissues and a low Bd-6/Blimp1 ratio.Unlike that of Tfh cells,current evidence shows that the target of Tph cells is limited to memory B cells.In this review,we first summarize recent findings on human Tph cells and discuss how Tph and Tfh cells play shared and distinct roles in human diseases.
文摘目的:探讨外周T细胞淋巴瘤(Peripheral T cell lymphoma,PTCL)患者记忆T细胞(CD45RO+T)以及初始T细胞(CD45RA+T)在外周血中的不同分布特点的临床意义。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2014年2月收治的27例PTCL患者,以同期30例健康体检者作为对照,通过比较PTCL患者与健康受试者外周血中CD45RO+T、CD45RA+T的分布差异,分析不同临床分期的PTCL患者外周血中上述指标的差异。结果:PTCL患者的淋巴结中T细胞抗原呈多样性表达,以CD4+为主要免疫表型,无B细胞相关抗原表达;患者组外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+T显著低于正常组(P<0.05),CD4+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RO+T显著高于正常组(P<0.05);I/II期PTCL患者外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+T显著高于III/IV期患者(P<0.05),CD4+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RO+T显著低于III/IV期患者(P<0.05)。结论:CD45RO+T和CD45RA+T在PTCL患者中存在明显的分布差异,针对其不同分布情况制定相应PTCL的处理方案,可提高PTCL的确诊率,改善患者的预后。
