一种自密封紧凑型地铁轴箱轴承的设计简介

本文介绍了一种新型的自密封地铁轴箱轴承,其设计要点:1)轴承采用自密封紧凑型单元化结构;2)对密封方式做了改进;3)在内圈端面和挡圈之间增设C形塑钢垫圈。经验证,该轴承性能可以满足地铁工况使用要求。

经皮穴位电刺激对胃癌术后疼痛及胃肠蠕动功能的影响

目的:观察经皮穴位电刺激对胃癌术后患者疼痛及胃肠蠕动功能的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将80例胃癌术后患者分为对照组和试验组各40例。试验组给予围术期常规治疗及经皮穴位电刺激,对照组给予围术期常规治疗及同试验组的经皮穴位刺激操作,但不开启电源。比较2组术后恢复正常时间,以及治疗前后疼痛数字评分法(NRS)评分、胃肠蠕动功能指标[血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)、生长抑素(SS)、P物质(SP)、神经降压素(NT)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)]水平、T淋巴细胞亚群[血浆CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)]水平、胆囊容积、胆囊排空率及腹腔压力。结果:治疗后,试验组肠鸣音恢复正常、肛门排气、排便时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组NRS评分及血清VIP、SS、NT水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),血清MOT、GAS、CCK、SP水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05);且试验组NRS评分及血清VIP、SS、NT水平低于对照组,血清MOT、GAS、CCK水平高于对照组(P<0.05),2组SP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且试验组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌术后经皮穴位电刺激后能够有效减轻患者疼痛程度,提高其免疫功能及胃肠蠕动功能,加速病情康复。

β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与益生菌复配物的润肠通便功能

为探讨β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与益生菌复配对便秘小鼠通便作用的影响,将小鼠随机分为5组:阴性对照组、模型组、β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与副干酪乳酸杆菌质量比1∶1组、β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与鼠李糖乳杆菌质量比1∶1组、β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与乳双歧杆菌质量比1∶1组。除对照组外,其余组别均采用盐酸洛哌丁胺建立小鼠便秘模型。观察各组小鼠首粒黑便排出时间、6 h黑便粒数、粪便质量、粪便含水量及小肠墨汁推进率。结果表明:与模型组相比,3组处理组均能显著缩短便秘小鼠的首粒黑便排出时间,显著增加粪便质量、粪便粒数、墨汁推进率及粪便含水量。其中β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与副干酪乳杆菌1∶1组改善便秘效果优于β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与鼠李糖乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌质量1∶1组。研究表明,β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖与益生菌复配能有效促进便秘小鼠肠道蠕动,促进排便,具有润肠通便作用。

子宫肌瘤术后不同护理模式对患者心理状况与肠蠕动早期恢复的影响

目的探讨不同护理模式用于子宫肌瘤手术患者对其心理状况、肠蠕动早期恢复效果的影响。方法随机选取2021年9月—2023年9月北京朝阳中西医结合急诊抢救医院妇科病房接诊的60例子宫肌瘤手术患者为研究对象,按照双盲法随机分对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组开展常规护理模式,观察组开展综合护理模式,比较两组护理效果。结果观察组术后首次排气时间(17.52±1.46)h、首次排便时间(19.47±1.58)h,均早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=22.648、19.202,P均<0.05)。护理后,观察组心理弹性量表与简明健康调查量表评分明显高于对照组,焦虑、抑郁量表评分,均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在子宫肌瘤手术患者术后实施综合护理模式对患者心理健康状态有良好的改善作用,同时可以促进肠蠕动功能尽快恢复,提升其生命质量。

神阙面碗灸治疗小儿脾胃失和型肠胀气临床研究

目的:观察神阙面碗灸治疗小儿脾胃失和型肠胀气的临床效果及对患儿肠蠕动的影响。方法:选取2022年3月—2023年9月收治的脾胃失和型肠胀气患儿为研究对象,共100例。按随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组各50例。对照组采用益生菌治疗,研究组采用神阙面碗灸治疗。观察2组肠蠕动情况、中医证候积分、临床疗效及不良反应。结果:治疗后,研究组腹胀消失时间、腹痛消失时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候积分均少于治疗前,研究组中医证候积分少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床疗效总有效率研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:神阙面碗灸治疗小儿脾胃失和型肠胀气可促使患儿肠蠕动,改善患儿胃肠功能、促进患儿临床症状的消失,临床疗效良好。

基于床旁即时超声分析胚胎移植前患者饮水量对胚胎移植超声显像的影响

目的基于床旁即时超声(POCUS)技术,探讨在胚胎移植前为获得良好膀胱充盈效果的合适摄入水量;不同饮水量对移植时超声成像、困难移植率,胚胎移植成功率以及子宫内膜蠕动的影响。方法收集2023年9月至2024年2月在江苏省人民医院生殖医学中心进行冷冻胚胎移植周期324例患者。根据随机分组原则,将患者分为饮水量300 mL、500 mL和700mL 3组。移植当日患者晨起至移植饮水前量控制在300 mL以内(包括流质食品),在移植前2 h排空膀胱,记录3组患者移植前膀胱充盈的效果并基于POCUS技术和移植后的三维超声,观察患者饮水量、膀胱充盈效果、移植后子宫内膜蠕动、患者满意度以及妊娠结局之间的关联性。结果基于POCUS分析,饮水量为700 mL的患者有最佳的、且在最短时间内获得良好膀胱充盈成像效果(P<0.05)。患者晨起饮水量、满意度评分、移植困难率、子宫内膜蠕动频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析提示,饮水量和膀胱充盈效果与妊娠结局之间无直接关联,仅影响成像效果。结论饮水量与膀胱充盈程度及超声成像清晰度密切相关,对子宫收缩、移植困难率、妊娠结局并无显著影响。为获得更佳的成像效果,建议胚胎移植前2 h饮水700 mL。

高频超声检查在小儿肠套叠鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声检查对小儿肠套叠的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取126例小儿肠套叠患儿,均行高频超声检查,根据临床诊断结果将患儿分为甲组(一过性小儿肠套叠)69例与乙组(持续性小儿肠套叠)57例,比较两组患儿的影像学表现。结果 所有患儿高频超声检查显示小肠包块横切面呈“同心圆征”、纵切面呈“套筒征”。甲组套叠部位的直径与深度分别为(16.14±3.35)mm、(19.59±4.26)mm,乙组套叠部位的直径与深度分别为(18.87±3.68)mm、(27.83±6.37)mm,乙组套叠部位的直径与深度均高于甲组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乙组套叠肠壁蠕动情况正常/活跃的概率(68.42%)低于甲组(98.55%),套叠肠壁水肿率(15.79%)高于甲组(0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 两组高频超声检查特征存在差异,甲组通常伴有包块直径小、深度低、肠壁蠕动正常/活跃、无水肿等特征,有持续性小儿肠套叠危险。

Function of longitudinal vs circular muscle fibers in esophageal peristalsis, deduced with mathematical modeling

We summarize from previous works the functions of circular vs. longitudinal muscle in esophageal peristaltic bolus transport using a mix of experimental data, the conservation laws of mechanics and mathematical modeling. Whereas circular muscle tone generates radial closure pressure to create a local peristaltic closure wave, longitudinal muscle tone has two functions, one physiological with mechanical implications, and one purely mechanical. Each of these functions independently reduces the tension of individual circular muscle fibers to maintain closure as a consequence of shortening of longitudinal muscle locally coordinated with increasing circular muscle tone. The physiological function is deduced by combining basic laws of mechanics with concurrent measurements of intraluminal pressure from manometry, and changes in cross sectional muscle area from endoluminal ultrasound from which local longitudinal shortening (LLS) can be accurately obtained. The purely mechanical function of LLS was discovered from mathematical modeling of peristaltic esophageal transport with the axial wall motion generated by LLS. Physiologically, LLS concentrates circular muscle fibers where closure pressure is highest. However, the mechanical function of LLS is to reduce the level of pressure required to maintain closure. The combined physiological and mechanical consequences of LLS are to reduce circular muscle fiber tension and power by as much as 1/10 what would be requiredfor peristalsis without the longitudinal muscle layer, a tremendous benefit that may explain the existence of longitudinal muscle fiber in the gut. We also review what is understood of the role of longitudinal muscle in esophageal emptying, reflux and pathology.

The Affects of Acupuncture at Sibai and Neiting Acupoints on Gastric Peristalsis

The frequency and amplitude of gastric peristaltic wave were significantly changed in 15 subjects when Sibai (ST 2) and Neiting (ST 44) acupoints of the Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming were punctured. The results demonstrate that these acupoints are effective for treatment of stomach diseases, providing an experimental basis for the theory of channels and collaterals.

Influence of capsaicin infusion on secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM To determine whether capsaicin infusion could influence heartburn perception and secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). METHODS Secondary peristalsis was performed with slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 10 patients with GERD. In a first protocol, saline and capsaicincontaining red pepper sauce infusions were randomly performed, whereas 2 consecutive sessions of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce infusions were performed in a second protocol. Tested solutions including 5 m L of red pepper sauce diluted with 15 m L of saline and 20 m L of 0.9% saline were infused into the mid-esophagus via the manometric catheter at a rate of 10 mL /min with a randomized and doubleblind fashion. During each study protocol, perception of heartburn, threshold volumes and peristaltic parameters for secondary peristalsis were analyzed and compared between different stimuli.RESULTS Infusion of capsaicin significantly increased heartburn perception in patients with GERD(P < 0.001), whereas repeated capsaicin infusion significantly reduced heartburn perception(P = 0.003). Acute capsaicin infusion decreased threshold volume of secondary peristalsis(P = 0.001) and increased its frequency(P = 0.01) during rapid air injection. The prevalence of GERD patients with successive secondary peristalsis during slow air injection significantly increased after capsaicin infusion(P = 0.001). Repeated capsaicin infusion increased threshold volume of secondary peristalsis(P = 0.002) and reduced the frequency of secondary peristalsis(P = 0.02) during rapid air injection. CONCLUSION Acute esophageal exposure to capsaicin enhances heartburn sensation and promotes secondary peristalsis in gastroesophageal reflux disease, but repetitive capsaicin infusion reverses these effects.

Peristalsis of nanofluid through curved channel with Hall and Ohmic heating effects

Nanofluids have attracted many scientists due to their remarkable thermophysical properties.Small percentage of nanoparticles when added to conventional fluid significantly enhances the heat transfer features.Sustainability and efficiency of nanomaterials have key role in the advancement of nanotechnology.This article analyzes the Hall,Ohmic heating and velocity slip effects on the peristalsis of nanofluid.Convective boundary conditions and heat generation/absorption are considered to facilitate the heat transfer characteristics.Governing equations for the peristaltic flow through a curved channel are derived in curvilinear coordinates.The equations are numerically solved under the assumption of long wavelength and small Reynold number.It has been observed that nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate and reduces the fluid temperature.Hartman number and Hall parameter show reverse behavior in fluid motion and heat transfer characteristics.In the presence of velocity slip,the pressure gradient rapidly decreases and dominant effect is seen in narrow portion of channel.

Accommodation and peristalsis are functional responses to obstruction in rat hypertrophic ileum

AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic obstruction on enteric reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation (EFS) or intraluminal distension of the rat hypertrophic ileum.METHODS:Motor responses to EFS and to intraluminal distension were studied in the absence and in the presence of various inhibitors of enteric mediators.Ileum segments from operated (chronic ileal obstruction),sham-operated (control) and normal rats were horizontally mounted,connected to a pressure transducer and intraluminally perfused.The effects of selective serotonin receptor (5-HTR) blockers were investigated on distension-induced responses.The cellular localization of 5-HT3Rs was also examined in control and hypertrophic tissues through confocal microscopy.RESULTS:In non-obstructed segments,EFS elicited tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive responses with high am-plitude contraction followed by weak relaxation.In hypertrophic tissues,EFS lowered the baseline pressure and evoked TTX-sensitive contractions significantly larger than normal (P < 0.01) or control (P < 0.05),and devoid of any relaxation phase (P < 0.01 vs normal).Incubation with atropine and guanethidine [nonadrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) conditions] did not modify intestinal tone in normal and control preparations,but reversed the accommodation produced by EFS in hypertrophic tissues,and depressed the amplitude of contractions in all types of tissues.L-NAME and α-chymotrypsin blocked residual NANC motility in all tissues and augmented intraluminal pressure in hypertrophic segments (P < 0.05 vs NANC conditions).Intraluminal distension of the intestinal wall evoked non-propulsive cycles of contractions and relaxations in non-obstructed tissues.In all hypertrophic segments,strong propulsive strokes,markedly wider (P < 0.001),and larger than normal (P < 0.001) or control (P < 0.05) were elicited.Both motor patterns were blocked under NANC conditions and with simultaneous incubation with L-NAME and α-chymotrypsin.In all types of tissues,incubation with ketanserin or GR125487 did not modify distension-induced motility.In contrast,blockade of 5-HT3Rs by ondansetron concentration-dependently inhibited motor responses in normal and control tissues,but only slightly impaired enteric reflexes in the hypertrophic preparations.Finally,confocal microscopy did not reveal a different cellular distribution of 5-HT3Rs in control and hypertrophic ileum.CONCLUSION:Accommodation and distension-induced peristalsis of rat hypertrophic ileum are controlled by cholinergic and peptidergic transmission and are negligibly affected by 5-HT3Rs,which modulate distensioninduced motility in non-obstructed tissues.

Variable viscosity in peristalsis of Sisko fluid

This paper aims to examine variable viscosity effects on peristalsis of Sisko fluids in a curved channel with compliant characteristics. Viscous dissipation in a heat transfer is studied. The resulting problems are solved using perturbation and numerical schemes to show qualitatively similar responses for velocity and temperature. A streamline phenomenon is also considered.

RECIPROCAL ACTIONS OF ACUPOINTS ON GASTROINTESTINAL PERISTALSIS DURING ELECTROACUPUNCTURE IN MICE

Orthogonal design was used to observe the gastrointestinal peristalsis in normal andatropine-treated mice after electroacupuncture was applied,singly or in combination,atNeiguan(P 6),Pishu(UB 20)and Zusanli(St 36).The results showed that:1)electroacupuncture has no significant effect on the gastrointestinal peristalsis in normalmice;2)Pishu(UB 20)was significantly antagonistic to Zusanli(St 36)in normal mice;3)the decreased gastrointestinal peristalsis in atropine-treated mice was markedly promotedby electroacupuncture at Zusanli(St 36);and 4)Neiguan(P 6)was significantlyantagonistic to Pishu(UB 20)in atropine-treated mice.The results indicated that thereciprocal actions among acupoints should be taken into consideration for pointprescription.

Impairment of secondary peristalsis in Barrett's esophagus by transnasal endoscopy-based testing

AIM: To investigate dysfunctions in esophageal peristalsis and sensation in patients with Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus following acid infusion using endoscopy-based testing.

静脉注射长托宁联合使用丙泊酚在无痛结肠镜检查中的临床分析

目的探讨静脉注射长托宁联合使用丙泊酚在无痛结肠镜检查中对肠道舒缩功能的影响。方法随机选择2019年5月—2020年10月重庆市第九人民医院拟行无痛肠镜检查的患者200例,采用数字随机法分为4组,低剂量组(P1组)50例:长托宁0.0025 mg/kg;中等剂量组(P2组)50例:长托宁0.005 mg/kg;高剂量组(P3组)50例:长托宁0.01 mg/kg;对照组(C组)50例:2 mL生理盐水;记录4组不同时间点平均血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、肠蠕动次数、丙泊酚用量、不良反应情况、口干程度的视觉模拟评分。结果使用长托宁后P1、P2、P3组肠蠕动均有减弱,P2、P3组肠蠕动减弱程度较P1组更加明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);P3组患者呛咳发生率0%、P2组0%,低于P1组(8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);P3组术后认知功能障碍发生率6%高于P2组(2%)及P1组(0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);P3组VAS评分高于P2组及P1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论中等剂量(0.005 mg/kg)长托宁可迅速减少肠蠕动,避免术中呛咳,同时对患者呼吸循环系统影响较小,不良反应少。

中药穴位贴敷配合枸橼酸莫沙必利片对胃癌根治术后化疗患者胃肠蠕动功能、并发症及睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析中药穴位贴敷配合枸橼酸莫沙必利片对胃癌根治术后化疗患者胃肠蠕动功能、并发症及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至2021年12月东台市中医院肿瘤科收治的胃癌根治术后化疗患者86例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。2组化疗期间均给予枸橼酸莫沙必利片治疗,观察组在此基础上联合中药穴位贴敷治疗,比较2组患者胃肠蠕动功能恢复情况、并发症发生情况及睡眠质量。结果:治疗后,观察组胃肠功能评分比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胃动素水平、血管活性肠肽水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组腹胀、恶心呕吐发生率比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组PSQI评分较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药穴位贴敷配合枸橼酸莫沙必利片能够促进胃癌根治术后化疗患者胃肠蠕动功能恢复,降低化疗后胃肠道并发症的发生风险,提高患者睡眠质量,建议在临床上推广。

五倍子颗粒止泻与抗炎镇痛作用研究

为评估五倍子颗粒(Galla Chinensis granules,GCG)止泻、抗炎和镇痛的药效作用,通过番泻叶诱导小鼠腹泻模型,二甲苯诱导耳肿胀及角叉菜胶诱导足肿胀急性炎症模型,以及小鼠疼痛模型(热板法和扭体法)的构建,观察GCG对小鼠腹泻、胃肠运动、炎症和痛觉反应的影响,并通过病理组织学及血清炎性细胞因子检测,进一步探究GCG的药效作用。结果表明,与模型组比较,GCG治疗组(50 mg/kg BW、100 mg/kg BW和200 mg/kg BW)对小鼠腹泻具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),可极显著降低小鼠胃肠蠕动(P<0.01),且对小鼠耳肿胀及足肿胀具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),极显著抑制醋酸引起的腹部收缩(P<0.01),其中,GCG治疗组(200 mg/kg BW和100 mg/kg BW)分别在给药后0.5 h和1.0 h开始延长小鼠热板试验中热刺激引起的疼痛反应时间(P<0.05),而GCG治疗组(50 mg/kg BW)只在4.0 h延长小鼠疼痛反应时间(P<0.05)。其次,GCG治疗组均可不同程度改善角叉菜胶引起的足病理变化,且GCG治疗组血清炎症因子TNF-α、PGE2及COX-2水平显著低于模型组(P<0.05)。综上,GCG止泻、抗炎及镇痛作用较为显著,对小鼠胃肠蠕动、腹泻及炎症反应具有抑制作用,且能够减轻小鼠疼痛反应,可为其临床应用提供依据。

3种护理措施在直肠癌磁共振检查中的应用效果观察

目的观察3种护理措施在直肠癌磁共振(MRI)检查中的应用效果。方法收集2021年1月-2022年11月我院收治的直肠癌患者139例,根据患者病史和依从性,分为A、B、C 3组实施3种不同护理措施。A组患者在检查前10 min注射654-2减轻肠道蠕动;B组患者在检查前20~30 min使用开塞露清洁肠道;C组患者在摆位时使用腹带进行盆部加压。完成检查后MRI图像由放射科2位高年资医师进行判读。以病理结果为标准,比较3组MRI检查对直肠癌T分期、直肠系膜筋膜(MRF)侵犯、淋巴结转移的诊断准确度情况。结果A组MRI图像诊断直肠癌与病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.289,P=0.656),T分期、MRF侵犯和淋巴结转移的准确度为78.2%,93.5%和67.7%;B组MRI图像诊断直肠癌与病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.748,P=0.883),T分期、MRF侵犯和淋巴结转移的准确度为79.1%,96.8%和69.8%;C组MRI图像诊断直肠癌与病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.604,P=0.607),T分期、MRF侵犯和淋巴结转移的准确度为75%,76.5%和67.6%。结论注射654-2降低肠道蠕动和使用开塞露清洁肠道2种护理措施后进行MRI检查,对直肠癌具有较高的诊断价值,对有禁忌证和依从性稍差的患者,在检查过程中进行腹带盆部加压也是一种较好的替代。根据患者情况进行个性化护理干预,可有效提高直肠癌患者MRI检查的准确性,具有重要临床意义。

快速康复外科护理对胃大部切除术患者术后胃肠蠕动功能恢复及并发症的影响

目的探讨快速康复外科护理应用在胃大部分切除术患者中对其胃肠蠕动功能的恢复和并发症发生情况的影响。方法选择邵武市昭阳街道社区卫生服务中心在2021年1月至2022年6月收治的90例行胃大部分切除术的患者,用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组各45例,观察组患者行快速康复外科护理干预,对照组患者则行常规护理干预,比较两组患者的胃肠蠕动功能恢复情况(初始摄食时间、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音发生时间、初次排便时间)、不良反应发生率(吻合口梗阻、吻合口瘘、切口感染)、生活质量评分(情感职能、社会功能、生理功能、躯体功能、总体健康)。结果观察组患者初次摄食时间、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音发生时间和初次排便时间比对照组患者更短(P<0.05)。观察组各项生活质量评分比对照组更高(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为2.22%,较对照组发生率(17.78%)更低(P<0.05)。结论针对胃大部分切除术患者提供快速康复外科护理,有助于促进患者术后胃肠蠕动功能的恢复,降低并发症的发生,促进其尽快恢复,保障生活质量。