Integrated Sliding Mode Velocity Control of Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Thrust Ripple Compensation

In this paper,a compound sliding mode velocity control scheme with a new exponential reaching law(NERL)with thrust ripple observation strategy is proposed to obtain a high performance velocity loop of the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor(LPMSM)control system.A sliding mode velocity controller based on NERL is firstly discussed to restrain chattering of the conventional exponential reaching law(CERL).Furthermore,the unavoidable thrust ripple caused by the special structure of linear motor will bring about velocity fluctuation and reduced control performance.Thus,a thrust ripple compensation strategy on the basis of extend Kalman filter(EKF)theory is proposed.The estimated thrust ripple will be introduced into the sliding mode velocity controller to optimize the control accuracy and robustness.The effectiveness of the proposal is validated with experimental results.

Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on New Sliding Mode Observer with Single Resistor Current Reconstruction

To solve the chattering problem caused by discontinuous switching function in traditional sliding mode observer,a piecewise square root switching function with continuously varying characteristics is designed,and its stability is analyzed by using Lyapunov stability criterion.Secondly,according to the relationship among bus current,switching state and phase current,a single bus resistance sampling current reconstruction scheme without current sensors is adopted,which effectively reduces the cost of motor system.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified by simulation.

Fast Model-based Design of High Performance Permanent Magnet Machine for Next Generation Electric Propulsion for Urban Aerial Vehicle Application

Model order reduction(MOR)is considered as a good alternative to reduce the computational scale for electro-magnetic problems.The aim of this work is to introduce the use of dynamic mode decomposition(DMD)as a promising tool for MOR to analyze its effectiveness in creating a fast model-based design platform for the permanent magnet motor design for ur-ban aerial vehicles(UAVs).Using a singular value decomposition(SVD)based DMD,the design process is constructed and verified against different scenarios.

MPC-based torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles via switching optimization

In order to effectively achieve torque demand in electric vehicles （EVs）, this paper presents a torque control strategy based on model predictive control （MPC） for permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） driven by a two-level three-phase inverter. A centralized control strategy is established in the MPC framework to track the torque demand and reduce energy loss, by directly optimizing the switch states of inverter. To fast determine the optimal control sequence in predictive process, a searching tree is built to look for optimal inputs by dynamic programming （DP） algorithm on the basis of the principle of optimality. Then we design a pruning method to check the candidate inputs that can enter the next predictive loop in order to decrease the computational burden of evaluation of input sequences. Finally, the simulation results on different conditions indicate that the proposed strategy can achieve a tradeoff between control performance and computational efficiency.

复杂环境新能源汽车永磁电机传感器故障诊断

新能源汽车电机驱动过程中由于电机系统本身噪声、传感器运行特性和各个部件接触不良等因素影响下,永磁电机传感器易处于异常工作状态和故障状态。电动汽车电机运行环境的复杂性导致故障诊断难度也相对较大。于是提出新能源汽车永磁电机传感器故障诊断方法。通过分析永磁电机机械运动方式构建新能源汽车永磁电机数学模型,将上述模型与滑模观测器结合,捕捉任意时刻永磁电机传感器故障状态。基于此,提取传感器故障状态下的特征量,并输入支持向量机中,根据支持向量机输出的分类结果实现新能源汽车永磁电机传感器故障诊断。实验结果表明,针对新能源汽车恒速形式和新能源汽车变速形式,研究方法的诊断结构均与实际情况相符。

计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容主动快速放电方法

针对电动汽车遇到碰撞等紧急情况时,高压驱动系统母线电容电压需迅速降到安全电压(60 V),而传统基于PI控制的母线电容主动放电方法存在鲁棒性差、放电时间长和安全性低的问题,提出一种计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容快速放电方法。首先,建立以永磁同步电机绕组作为泄放电阻的母线电容能量流动模型,将逆变器损耗、电机绕组铜耗、电机电感储能等损耗作为总损耗,利用扩展滑模观测器(ESMO)对总损耗功率进行估算,并通过Lyapunov稳定性理论对ESMO的稳定性进行了证明。然后,将观测的总损耗功进行前馈补偿,从而使母线电压快速降低并稳定在安全电压。仿真和实验结果表明,与现有主动放电方法相比,所提放电方法不仅显著减小了放电时间,而且提高了快速放电的鲁棒性和安全性。

一种新型永磁同步电机高阶滑模控制算法

针对永磁同步电机控制系统易因外部扰动等不确定性影响而导致控制性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应非奇异终端滑模控制器和滑模扰动观测器补偿技术的复合控制算法。选择新型自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模转速环控制器,新型趋近律可以在保证减少抖振的同时保证控制系统能够快速收敛,可动态适应被控系统的变化;利用扩展滑模扰动观测器实时估计系统中不确定性参数,并对控制器进行前馈补偿,且通过Lyapunov函数证明了其稳定性。仿真和试验结果表明,与PI控制、传统滑模控制方法相比,所提方法有效改善了抖振问题,提高了控制系统对电机的控制精度,提升了系统的鲁棒性和抗干扰性能。

无人机17kW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化

随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17 kW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁通密度空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。

基于模糊滑模控制的PMSM矢量控制系统

永磁同步电机(PMSM)双闭环矢量控制系统中,传统PI控制器转速环无法满足PMSM的更高控制要求。该文设计一种积分滑模控制器,并引入光滑、连续的新式饱和函数替代滑模控制器中的符号函数,以提高系统的抗扰动性能和鲁棒性;为提高系统在电机运行状态发生变化时的自适应调节能力,使用模糊控制对滑模趋近律中的参数进行自适应调节,以提高趋近速度,降低滑模抖振。建立基于模糊控制的PMSM滑模控制系统仿真模型,并与使用传统滑模控制器的PMSM控制模型进行对比分析,结果验证了模糊滑模速度控制器具有更好的抗扰动能力和鲁棒性。

Review and Development of Electric Motor Systems and Electric Powertrains for New Energy Vehicles

This paper presents a review on the recent research and technical progress of electric motor systems and electric powertrains for new energy vehicles.Through the analysis and comparison of direct current motor,induction motor,and synchronous motor,it is found that permanent magnet synchronous motor has better overall performance;by comparison with converters with Si-based IGBTs,it is found converters with SiC MOSFETs show significantly higher efficiency and increase driving mileage per charge.In addition,the pros and cons of different control strategies and algorithms are demonstrated.Next,by comparing series,parallel,and power split hybrid powertrains,the series-parallel compound hybrid powertrains are found to provide better fuel economy.Different electric powertrains,hybrid powertrains,and range-extended electric systems are also detailed,and their advantages and disadvantages are described.Finally,the technology roadmap over the next 15 years is proposed regarding traction motor,power electronic converter and electric powertrain as well as the key materials and components at each time frame.

驱动电机用无取向硅钢开发与性能调控研究综述

实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的内在要求,在落实“双碳”战略、推动绿色发展的背景下,我国新能源汽车产业得到了迅猛发展。驱动电机作为新能源汽车能量转化的核心装置,直接决定新能源汽车的驾乘体验和续航性能,而无取向硅钢作为驱动电机铁芯的关键软磁材料,其性能直接影响驱动电机的能量转换效率、变频加速能力、使用寿命、制造成本等特性。基于驱动电机对高性能无取向硅钢的现实需求,归纳总结国内外典型硅钢生产企业新能源汽车驱动电机用硅钢研发现状,综述驱动电机用硅钢在磁性能、力学性能提升及磁性能与力学性能协同提升方面的研究进展。针对新一代驱动电机的高效率、高转速、大转矩等特点,未来驱动电机用高性能无取向硅钢的研发在成分优化、微观结构控制与薄规格产品开发的基础上,在进一步提高硅钢产品精度和生产效率的同时突破自粘结涂层限制,融合冶金学、材料科学与物理学等多学科理论,进一步实现高性能无取向硅钢开发与驱动电机设计的协同调控。

A sensorless efficiency test system for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor

We present a sensorless efficiency test system with energy recovery for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). In the system, two identical high-speed PMSMs are used as the motor under test(MUT)and the load machine(LM),respectively.A new sensorless vector control(VC) method based on a hypothetical reference frame is presented to control both the MUT and the LM.Also,a regenerating unit is used to implement energy circulation to save energy.Experiments were carried out on a prototype, with a digital controller based on the TMS320 F28335, to verify the adequacy of the sensorless VC method.As a result,the efficiency test system achieves the load test at the speed of 21000 r/min without any reduction equipment. During the test, the energy regenerated by the LM could be fed back to the MUT by the regenerating unit, and 81.31% electrical power was saved.In addition, with the proposed sensorless VC method,both the MUT and the LM can work at i_d = 0 without a position sensor.

永磁同步电机双向DC/DC变换器混合储能设计

为了提高永磁同步电机的发电效率,设计一种永磁同步电机双向DC/DC变换器混合储能方案,并开展性能仿真分析。利用双向DC/DC变换器连接储能部件与负载母线,该变换器的控制性能对系统整体动/静态性能存在明显影响。研究结果表明:在Buck模式下仿真测试得到,双向DC/DC变换器高压侧电流逐渐升高,产生了持续上升的最高输出功率。双向DC/DC变换器与Buck电路达到了合理的参数,能够达到混合储能系统要求达到的稳定性与快速性控制标准。本设计的双向DC/DC变换器主电路与Boost电路各项参数处于较优的状态,能够实现对混合储能系统进行稳定高效控制的目标。电感与电容值满足系统运行要求,可以实现双向DC/DC变换器的快速响应,能够快速控制电流值,并获得稳定的电压参数,能够满足优异的动态调控性能。

永磁同步电机在细纱机上的节能应用

为降低棉纺企业的用电成本,对棉纺企业中用电需求量较大的环锭纺细纱机进行主传动系统节能改造,采用新型永磁同步电机替换原装三相异步电机,并将原主轴皮带传动改为联轴器直连驱动,同时对细纱机生产C 20 tex纱过程中的电机电流、温度以及细纱机能耗进行了测试与分析。测试结果表明:改进后细纱机主轴电机电流相较改进前降低了4 A~8 A;电机温度下降明显,其热损降低25%~40%;细纱机生产C 20 tex纱时每千克纱线耗电量下降约9%,有效达到了降低细纱机能耗的目的。

面向永磁同步电机负载转矩观测的自抗扰改进滑模控制

针对传统永磁同步电机滑模控制中存在的滑模抖振大及响应速度慢的问题,设计了一种新型趋近律,在传统指数趋近律的基础上加入可变比例系数并引入系统状态变量和滑模面的幂次项,减小抖振的同时提高了趋近速率。随后,为了避免引入转速误差的微分项,减小系统高频抖振,采用积分滑模面,设计了永磁同步电机改进滑模速度控制器。针对控制策略中负载扰动波动会导致系统控制精度降低、抖振增大的问题,设计了一种基于新型饱和函数的扩张状态观测器估计负载扰动,并将扰动估计值前馈至改进滑模控制器中,进一步提高了系统的抗扰性能。数值仿真结果表明:所提出的控制策略可显著提高电机动态性能和抗扰性。在电机受负载转矩波动影响时,比PI控制电机超调量减小约23.1%,响应速度提高62.5%,比传统滑模控制电机超调量减小约15.3%,响应速度提高50%。新型滑模趋近律还可以有效降低滑模抖振,与传统滑模控制器相比,采用改进滑模控制器电机抖振降低约50%。

考虑模型失配的波浪发电系统功率优化LQR控制

为降低复杂海况对波浪发电系统的影响,改良目标价值函数,设计线性二次型最优控制器,约束系统运动状态同时提升波能捕获能力。通过调整权重矩阵求取最优反馈增益,获得理想q轴电流并采用空间矢量控制策略跟踪控制之,平衡系统物理约束与功率捕获关系;模型失配时根据理想模型与实际装置位移差值,基于HJI理论设计RBF鲁棒控制器,补偿系统失配运动状态与功率。仿真结果表明:在不规则激励力下,所提控制策略动态性能好、鲁棒性强,在满足系统物理约束的同时可有效提高波能捕获能力,补偿系统因失配减少的功率。

匝间短路故障对永磁同步电机定子侧电流影响分析

定子绕组的匝间短路故障是永磁同步电机最为常见的故障之一,故障发生时被短路部分绕组中将会产生较大的电流,这将对电机的安全运行造成巨大威胁。为实现匝间短路的故障诊断,将分析匝间短路故障对电机定子侧电流的影响。通过有限元仿真和试验测试获取不同匝间短路严重程度下的定子侧电流,从电流不平衡度、负序电流和小波能量谱三个角度分析匝间短路故障对电机定子侧电流的影响。分析结果表明,当短路匝数增加、故障点接触电阻减小时,电流不平衡度、负序电流和小波能量谱中的D1频段能量变化率都将增大。因此,这三个指标的增加可以作为匝间短路故障的判断依据。

机械弹性储能用永磁同步电机多源谐波提取及统一抑制

针对柔性涡簧振动和电力电子装置等引起机械弹性储能(MEES)系统机械侧谐波难以准确建模、多源谐波无法整体表征及统一抑制的问题,该文提出MEES用永磁同步电机多源谐波提取及统一抑制方法。首先,建立MEES系统数学模型,利用电机转速谐波对多源谐波进行整体表征;然后,提出融合奇异值差分的矩阵束算法,利用其对含噪实测转速数据进行处理以获取包含不同频率成分的多源谐波信息;最后,设计定子电流矢量定向下基于反推控制的多源谐波统一抑制算法,完成对不同频率成分谐波的同时抑制。仿真和实验结果表明,利用融合奇异值差分的矩阵束算法能快速、准确地识别转速信号中的多源谐波成分,统一抑制算法有效降低了多源谐波导致的电磁转矩脉动,改善了系统运行性能。

基于小波神经网络的六相永磁同步电机高阻连接状态感知策略

六相永磁同步电机具有缺相运行能力,因此必须对其高阻连接状态作出精准预判,以确保对故障线路实施有效切断,防止系统扰动引起保护误动作,并为容错控制提供可靠判据。基于矢量空间解耦方法建立了六相永磁同步电机完全解耦的数学模型,并建立其控制系统模型。采集正常状态与高阻连接状态下的电机信号,通过小波包分解提取其能量距特征,输入前向反馈神经网络进行离线训练,最后将其应用于剧烈变化工况下,在线感知高阻连接状态的发展态势。基于Matlab进行仿真,结果表明所提策略能够有效识别高阻连接状态,灵敏感知其发展态势,并在高阻故障发生前发出预警信号,同时对剧烈变化工况具有一定鲁棒性。