Research Progress on Application of Borneol As Permeation Enhancer in Functional Cosmetics

Borneol, as a traditional natural permeation enhancer, has been widely used to promote the transdermal absorption of active ingredients. In this review, the mechanism of borneol in promoting permeation by destroying the highly ordered lipid structure of the lipid layer and by destroying the hydrogen-bond network was described. The application of borneol in promoting the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs was introduced. The application of borneol as a natural ingredient added to functional cosmetics was summarized, and its effects on skin-spot treatment, acne skin care, eczema skin care, skin repair and anti-oxidation were introduced. Finally, the possible problems in the application of borneol in cosmetics were put forward, and the application prospect of borneol in the development of cosmetics was given.

Gas-and plasma-driven hydrogen permeation behavior of stagnant eutectic-solid GaInSn/Fe double-layer structure

Gas-driven permeation(GDP)and plasma-driven permeation(PDP)of hydrogen gas through Ga In Sn/Fe are systematically investigated in this work.The permeation parameters of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe,including diffusivity,Sieverts'constant,permeability,and surface recombination coefficient are obtained.The permeation flux of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe shows great dependence on external conditions such as temperature,hydrogen pressure,and thickness of liquid Ga In Sn.Furthermore,the hydrogen permeation behavior through Ga In Sn/Fe is well consistent with the multilayer permeation theory.In PDP and GDP experiments,hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe satisfies the diffusion-limited regime.In addition,the permeation flux of PDP is greater than that of GDP.The increase of hydrogen plasma density hardly causes the hydrogen PDP flux to change within the test scope of this work,which is due to the dissolution saturation.These findings provide guidance for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of hydrogen isotope recycling,permeation,and retention in plasma-facing components under actual conditions.

Improvement of hydrogen permeation barrier performance by iron sulphide surface films

Fe–S compounds with hexagonal crystal structure are potential hydrogen permeation barrier during H2S corrosion. Hexagonal system Fe–S films were prepared on carbon steel through corrosion and CVD deposition, and the barrier effect of different Fe–S films on hydrogen permeation was tested using electrochemical hydrogen permeation method. After that, the electrical properties of Fe–S compound during phase transformation were measured using thermoelectric measurement system. Results show that the mackinawite has no obvious barrier effect on hydrogen penetration, as a p-type semiconductor, and pyrrhotite (including troilite) has obvious barrier effect on hydrogen penetration,as an n-type semiconductor. Hydrogen permeation tests showed peak permeation performance when the surface was deposited with a continuous film of pyrrhotite (Fe_(1–x)S) and troilite. The FeS compounds suppressed hydrogen permeation by the promotion of the hydrogen evolution reaction, semiconducting inversion from p-to n-type, and the migration of ions at the interface.

Research Progress on Application of Borneol as Permeation Enhancer in Functional Cosmetics

Borneol,as a traditional natural permeation enhancer,has been widely used to promote the transdermal absorption of active ingredients.The mechanism of borneol in promoting permeation by destroying the highly ordered lipid structure of the lipid layer and by destroying the hydrogen-bond network was described.The application of borneol in promoting the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs was introduced.The application of borneol as a natural ingredient added to functional cosmetics was summarized,and its effects on skin-spot treatment,acne skin care,eczema skin care,skin repair and anti-oxidation were introduced.Finally,the possible problems in the application of borneol in cosmetics were put forward,and the application prospect of borneol in the development of cosmetics was given。

离子注渗复合表面改性技术研究进展

综合国内外研究现状,目前针对离子注渗复合表面改性技术已开展了大量的研究工作,然而还缺少对其进行系统介绍的研究报道。首先,对离子渗技术(离子渗氮、离子渗碳和离子渗硫)、离子注入技术(氮离子注入、碳离子注入和金属离子注入)和离子注渗复合技术的原理进行了介绍。其次,对上述表面改性技术的研究进展进行了综述和总结。最后,针对目前离子注渗复合技术的不足之处,从改善硬件设备、强化作用机理、系统研究复合处理工艺和促进其工业化应用等方面进行解决,提出要充分利用注渗和镀膜技术复合的优势来实现材料结构功能一体化,推动多相复合强化技术的研究与开发,为工业化应用奠定理论基础。

氢含量对锆合金蠕变-疲劳行为的影响及机理研究

针对反应堆用锆合金渗氢后易发生蠕变-疲劳失效问题,采用频率修正应变寿命法和频率修正滞回能法研究了再结晶状态的锆合金在320oC、不同渗氢含量下的蠕变-疲劳行为。结果表明:随保持时间增加,无渗氢试样的抗蠕变-疲劳性能降低,但保持时间30 s以上时无明显影响;保持时间对渗氢试样的抗蠕变-疲劳性能无影响。不同保持时间下,未渗氢试样的抗蠕变-疲劳性能最好,0.04%氢含量试样的性能最差,0.005%氢含量在高应变水平(高滞回能)下的抗蠕变-疲劳性能弱于0.02%氢含量试样,而在低应变水平区域优于0.02%氢含量试样。氢含量的影响机理为:固溶氢可提高蠕变-疲劳寿命,氢化物可降低蠕变-疲劳寿命;0.04%氢含量试样中氢化物起主导作用,导致其蠕变-疲劳性能最差。

聚乙烯相对分子质量及其分布快速评价方法研究

以国内外采用不同工艺和催化剂生产的17种聚乙烯的测试结果为基础,通过理论推导与模型拟合相结合,建立了以熔体流动速率快速计算相对分子质量及其分布的方法,并由此计算出数均分子量。经验证,该方法准确性较好,可弥补凝胶渗透色谱法的不足,有利于装置生产过程中准确控制产品质量和提高新产品开发效率。

暗挖地铁车站施工中靶向注浆技术的影响因素及效果控制

[目的]常规注浆施工技术中浆液无效扩散较为严重,对岩土体的加固效果不理想。对此,需研究靶向注浆技术在地铁车站及隧道预注浆施工中的应用。[方法]阐述了靶向注浆技术的加固机理,基于双液浆的流变方程,并结合均匀毛管组理论,分析靶向注浆技术的影响因素,推导得到双液浆柱形渗透扩散时扩散半径及浆液压力计算式。将推导得到的理论计算式应用于某地铁车站的预注浆工程施工中,以验证预注浆施工的效果。[结果及结论]靶向注浆技术将压密注浆技术和渗透注浆技术相结合,在保证注浆效果的同时能节约材料的用量并保护周边环境。参数分析显示:浆液扩散半径值受地下水压、浆液流速、双液浆黏性参数A和黏性参数B的显著影响,在所假定的参数变化范围内,浆液扩散半径的变化规律得到了较好的体现。现场监测数据表明,整个预注浆施工过程中未造成地表抬升和环境污染,注浆加固效果可达到安全开挖要求,达到了预期的效果。

储氚组件中氚依次渗透到相邻腔体的规律研究

考虑氚的时时和处处衰变,建立三腔体两隔片气路组件中隔片材料内部氚浓度控制方程,求解得到了渗透过隔片的瞬态氚量、中间腔体和右侧腔体中瞬态氚量和氚压力的高精度解析解.通过解析理论计算,认识了中间腔体和尾端腔体中瞬态氚压力随时间、储存温度和隔片厚度的变化规律,揭示出两个腔体中氚压力都具有最大单峰特性,且压力峰值出现时间几乎与隔片厚度无关等特性.研究结果为相关储氚装备的工程研制和使用提供了理论依据.

有效合规管理的基本原则

为有效地预防企业发生违法违规行为,避免企业遭受重大的系统性合规风险,需要确立一些基本的合规管理原则,使之成为指导企业建立有效合规管理体系的基本准则。企业无论是搭建日常性合规管理体系,还是在危机发生后进行合规整改,都应遵循“风险导向原则”“相称性原则”“高层承诺原则”“权威性原则”“业务流程渗透原则”“可持续性原则”等方面的要求。这是避免纸面合规、形式化合规或无效合规的制度保障,也是企业实现有效合规管理的最低要求。

论革命精神助推乡村振兴的积极意义、渗透作用与提升路径

在全面建设社会主义现代化强国的新征程下,2023年是奋力迈向第二个百年奋斗目标的关键之年。脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利,但乡村振兴战略任务仍摆在面前,面对当前形势,全党上下在深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的过程中,需要全面把握实践要求,将革命精神融入乡村振兴中使之成为实现乡村振兴的初心之“钙”、信心之“钙”、决心之“钙”,并用革命精神中的理想信念、攻坚克难、改革创新激发乡村振兴的意志力、战斗力和持久力,使乡村振兴在革命精神的引领和感召下,以理想信念提升乡村内涵,以攻坚克难深化乡村治理,以改革创新促进乡村发展,让革命精神为全面推进乡村振兴提供强大的精神动力与智力支撑,为乡村振兴战略的实现寻求善治之路。

SEPARATION OF PROPANE FROM PROPANE/NITROGEN MIXTURES USING PDMS COMPOSITE MEMBRANES BY VAPOR PERMEATION

This study deals with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) composite membranes for propane separation from propane/nitrogen mixtures,which is relevant to the recovery of propane in petroleum and chemical industry.The surface and cross-section morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The surface morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes is very dense.There are three layers,the thin dense top layer,finger-like porous middle layer and s...

Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

Industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind electricity.In the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTMs)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing oxygen.Moreover,OTMs could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTMs can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different processes.The first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTM material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary membrane.Thanks to the emerging Joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be adjusted.Here,the OTM is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 NmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTM non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric power.Finally,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried out.ODHE reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

The effect of reactive plasticizer on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of solid rocket propellants based on different types of HTPB resin

Conventional plasticizers deteriorate mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the propellants due to their migration upon aging and long-term storage,which affects reliability and safety properties during exploitation.To address this issue,conventional plasticizer,dioctyl adipate(DOA),is replaced by reactive one,castor oil(CO).In addition,three different types of HTPB were used to obtain propellants with designed viscoelastic and mechanical properties.The CO increased propellants viscosity,without a significant impact on the propellant processability,regardless to the type of prepolymer.Conversely,mechanical properties were different depending on the type of resin,which were further analyzed by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).Addition of CO formed a denser polymer network and shifted T_(g) to higher values,compared to the compositions with DOA.The tensile strength of CO-containing propellants was lower at +20℃ and +50℃ compared to the reference compositions,while the strain at maximum load and strain at break were significantly increased with pronounced plastic deformation,especially for samples at -30℃.The inclusion of CO in the propellants composition gives more room for adjusting a wide range of mechanical properties.

全钢渣集料透水砖基本性能研究

为研究全钢渣集料对透水砖性能的影响,以粗钢渣取代粒径和水灰比为影响因素,开展全钢渣集料透水砖透水系数和抗压强度试验研究。结果表明:全钢渣集料透水砖的透水系数随着粗钢渣取代粒径的增大先增大后减小,随着水灰比的增加逐渐增大;抗压强度与粗钢渣取代粒径成正相关,与水灰比成负相关。在试验基础上,提出全钢渣集料透水砖透水系数和抗压强度的计算式。

阳极闭口模式下质子交换膜燃料电池氮气渗透

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阳极闭口模式潜力巨大,但该模式下运行会引发氮气从阴极向阳极的渗透,导致阳极氢气的摩尔分数降低,PEMFC性能下降,针对这种情况可通过吹扫恢复PEMFC的性能。搭建了阳极闭口模式测试系统,在不同操作条件下进行阳极闭口模式实验,同时建立数学模型研究不同电流密度、化学计量比和温度下,电压和阳极氢气的下降速率以及传输到阳极的氮气积累量,提出实验与仿真结合的方法深入探究闭口模式下气体的传输规律,结果表明:当氢气摩尔分数为0.75时,电压下降到1.4 V,此时性能明显下降,提出相应吹扫策略:氢气摩尔分数在0.8时吹扫最为有效。

低熔点合金高低温循环浸渍杨木的性能及机理研究

利用气-液相变自驱动原理,选用Sn-Bi-Pb低熔点合金(LMPA),通过木材含水率的调控及采用高低温交替循环浸渍法,在不破坏木材本身结构的条件下制备了金属化杨木,探讨了低熔点合金在木材中的渗透机理,并分析了金属化杨木的增重率、吸水率、顺纹抗压强度及导热性能。结果表明:提高木材的含水率并在高低温循环条件下浸渍有助于LMPA渗透到木材导管中,当杨木的含水率为60%时,其增重率高达52.47%;浸泡144 h后的吸水率比对照样减小了78.4%,顺纹抗压强度提高了33.75%,导热系数是对照样的2.6倍,在地暖地板领域显示出较好的应用前景。

TA/SiO_(2)疏水涂层及其对混凝土抗侵蚀性能的影响

基于贻贝仿生原理,成功制备了单宁酸(TA)/SiO_(2)疏水涂层,通过设置22组工艺组合,综合水接触角、电通量和表面微观结构,得到了涂层的最优制备工艺.针对最优制备工艺涂层,通过自然扩散试验研究了其对混凝土抗离子渗透性能的影响,并采用磨耗和酸碱腐蚀试验研究了涂层稳定性.结果表明,TA/SiO_(2)疏水涂层表面具有丰富的微纳米结构,水接触角达148.1°,至少能够减少75.31%的离子渗透进入混凝土,且稳定性优良.

普通渗透与真空渗透对龙虾尾冻融品质的影响

文章以感官评分为指标,优化龙虾尾普通渗透与真空渗透处理时间,得到最优处理条件,并以新鲜虾尾与未处理虾尾为对照组,对最优处理条件下的普通渗透、真空渗透组虾尾理化性能进行表征。优化实验结果显示,虾尾普通渗透最优处理时间为120 min,真空渗透最优处理时间为60 min,在此条件下得到的虾尾硬度适中、弹性较好、口感较佳。实验结果表明,真空渗透处理虾尾的盐溶性蛋白含量、水分含量、离心持水率和质构最接近新鲜组,优于普通渗透处理组,且二者均优于未处理组,证明复配抗冻剂(1%复合磷酸盐、6%海藻糖、6%山梨糖醇)浸泡对熟制虾尾具有一定抗冻保水效果,且相较于常压渗透处理,真空渗透的效果更佳,该研究结果可为虾尾的常压渗透与真空渗透工艺提供理论指导。

An Overview of Soil Improvement through Ground Grouting

Soil is an essential component of what surrounds us in nature, providing as the basis for our infrastructure and construction. However, soil is not always suitable for construction due to a variety of geotechnical issues such as inadequate bearing capacity, excessive settlement, and liquefaction susceptibility. Through improving the engineering qualities of soil, such as strength, permeability, and stability, ground grouting is a specific geotechnical method used. Using a fluid grout mixture injected into the subsurface, holes are filled and weak or loose strata are solidified as the material seeps into the soil matrix. The approach’s adaptability in addressing soil-related issues has made it more well-known in the fields of civil engineering and construction. In the end, this has improved groundwater management, foundation support, and overall geotechnical performance.