3种微生物菌剂不同配比对牡丹根系生长及叶片POD、CAT活性的影响

【目的】探讨3种微生物菌剂不同配比对牡丹根系生长及叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,为后续复合微生物菌剂配比优化提供参考。【方法】采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计(1/2实施),建立了具有高效解磷、解钾、固氮活性的产气肠杆菌CT-B09-2、解淀粉芽孢杆菌JL-B06、乙酸钙不动杆菌WYS-A01-1这3种微生物菌剂不同配比处理,共计16个菌剂处理(T_(1)~T_(16)),以清水处理作为对照。菌剂处理30 d后测定牡丹根干质量及叶片POD、CAT活性,并对各指标进行组间差异性、相关性和回归拟合分析。【结果】3种微生物菌剂不同配比对牡丹根干质量、POD活性、CAT活性的影响不同;T_(8)处理(施用40 mL产气肠杆菌、80 mL解淀粉芽孢杆菌、40 mL乙酸钙不动杆菌)的根干质量、POD活性、CAT活性最大,分别为6.32 g、153.31μmol·g^(-1)、676.53μmol·g^(-1),分别比对照组提高了54.47%、341.29%、95.14%;各菌剂处理下,POD活性与CAT活性、CAT活性与根干质量呈显著正相关;单因子效应分析显示,解淀粉芽孢杆菌对根干质量的影响随着其施用量的增加而增大;互作效应分析显示,产气肠杆菌低用量与解淀粉芽孢杆菌高用量的互作效果最好,产气肠杆菌适中用量与乙酸钙不动杆菌低用量的互作效应最好。【结论】各菌剂处理均可显著提高牡丹根干质量及叶片POD、CAT活性,以V(产气肠杆菌)∶V(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)∶V(乙酸钙不动杆菌)=40 mL∶80 mL∶40 mL的T_(8)处理效果最佳。

Effects of Drought Stress on Activity of POD and CAT in Wheat during Generation Period

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the changes in activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period under drought stress. [Method] Four wheat cultivars, including Yunong 51, Zhoumai 22, Jimai 19 and Huaimai 22, were selected as experimental materials and cultured under drought stress simulated by different concentrations of PEG6000, to determine the activity of POD and CAT. [Result] POD and CAT activity in wheat during generation period increased gradual y under stress of 5% and 15% PEG6000 from 0 to 120 h; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 15% PEG6000 increased more compared with that under stress of 5% PEG6000; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 25% and 35% PEG6000 increased first and then decreased. Stress duration significantly af-fected the activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical references for breeding drought-tolerant wheat.

Effects of Microwave Blanching Treatment on POD Activity and Crispness in Capsicum frutescens L.

[Objective] To study the effects of microwave blanching treatment on POD activity and crispness in Capsicum frutescens L., and to compare the effects of microwave blanching method, normal blanching method, boiling water blanching and steam blanching. [Methods] In order to obtain the optimal condition for microwave blanching, response surface methodology was used to construct a quadratic regression model describing the effects of microwave power, microwave time and calcium lactate concentration on the POD activity in C. frutescens. [Results] The optimal technology was obtained based on central composite design： 525 W microwave power, 64.5 s microwave time, and 0.08% calcium lactate concentration. Under this condition, POD enzyme activity of C. frutescens was desactivated and crispness of C. frutescens was 68.77 N. [Conclusions] This research would provide references for the crispness protection and enzyme deactivation of C. frutescens.

Enhanced Fenton,photo-Fenton and peroxidase-like activity and stability over Fe_3O_4/g-C_3N_4 nanocomposites

We prepared the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanoparticles(NPs)through a simple electrostatic self‐assembly method with a3:97weight ratio to investigate their Fenton,photo‐Fenton and oxidative functionalities besides photocatalytic functionality.We observed an improvement of the Fenton and photo‐Fenton activities of the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites.This improvement was attributed to efficient charge transfer between Fe3O4and g‐C3N4at the heterojunctions,inhibition of electron‐hole recombination,a high surface area,and stabilization of Fe3O4against leaching by the hydrophobic g‐C3N4.The obtained NPs showed a higher degradation potential for rhodamine B(RhB)dye than those of Fe3O4and g‐C3N4.As compared to photocatalysis,the efficiency of RhB degradation in the Fenton and photo‐Fenton reactions was increased by20%and90%,respectively.Additionally,the horseradish peroxidase(HRP)activity of the prepared nanomaterials was studied with3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidinedihydrochloride(TMB)as a substrate.Dopamine oxidation was also examined.Results indicate that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites offers more efficient degradation of RhB dye in a photo‐Fenton system compared with regular photocatalytic degradation,which requires a long time.Our study also confirmed that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites can be used as a potential material for mimicking HRP owing to its high affinity for TMB.These findings suggest good potential for applications in biosensing and as a catalyst in oxidation reactions.

Somatic embryogenesis and peroxidase activity of desiccation tol-erant mature somatic embryos of loblolly pine

White, translucent, glossy mucilaginous callus was initiated from the mature zygotic embryos explants on callus induction medium with 2,4-D, BA, and kinetin in the 3-9th week of culture. This type of callus induction occurred at a lower fre-quency with either a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or IBA (both 8 mg/L). White, translucent, glossy mucilaginous callus was embryogenic and mainly developed from the cotyledons of the mature zygotic embryo. Somatic embryos were formed on dif-ferentiation medium. Desiccation tolerance can be induced by culturing somatic embryos of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on medium supplemented with 50 mm abscisic acid (ABA) and/or 8.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). Scanning electron micros-copy of desiccated somatic embryos showed that the size and external morphology of the desiccation tolerant somatic embryos recovered to the pre-desiccation state within 24-36 h, whereas the sensitive somatic embryos did not recover and remained shriveled, after the desiccated somatic embryos had been rehydrated. Peroxidase activity of desiccated somatic embryos in-creased sharply after 3 days of desiccation treatment, and desiccation tolerant somatic embryos had higher peroxidase activity compared to sensitive somatic embryos. Higher peroxidase activity of desiccation tolerant somatic embryos was possibly ad-vantage of catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 which was produced by drought stress, and protecting somatic embryos from oxida-tive damage.

Activity Regulation of Lignin Peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Nonionic Reversed Micellar Medium

The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) in reversed micelles of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij30) changed with the molar ratio of water to the surfactant and the denaturant concentration of guanidinium chloride. At low water contents the activity of LiP could be enhanced by the denaturant at moderate concentration. This phenomenon, together with the spectral characteristics of the intrinsic fluorescence of LiP, suggested that the conformation of the active center of LiP was flexible.

Effects of Combined Instantaneous High-Pressure and Medium Temperature on Peroxidase Activity in Wax Gourd Juices

Based on the instantaneous pressurization and depressurization produced by high pressure single pole cylinder pump and valve, the effects of the continuous processing on the peroxidase (POD) activity in wax gourd juices were investigated. Results showed that the processing factors such as pressure, temperature, pH and processing time are important to the POD activity. POD in crude juices could be inactivated apparently above 50 MPa(pH 4.6, 35℃, 4 min), and activated at 20 MPa ( P < 0.01). Its remarkable inactivation could also be observed at 45 and 55℃ (20 MPa, pH 4.6, 4 min), and the evident activation appears at the material temperature 35℃ ( P < 0.01). The pH 3.0 could destroy POD almost completely (20 MPa, 35℃, 4 min), while pH 6.0 could not influence apparently the POD activity in crude juices( P > 0.05). In addition, the rules of POD activity along with the treatment time are variational under different processing pressures. The higher the treating pressure is, the shorter the processing time is needed to inactivate POD.

Size-dependent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles

Peroxidase-like catalytic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparficles （NPs） with three different sizes, synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sol-gel methods, were investigated by UV-vis spectrum analysis. By comparing Fe3O4 NPs with average diameters of 11, 20, and 150 nm, we found that the catalytic activity increases with the reduced nanoparticle size. The electrochemical method to characterize the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 NPs using the response currents of the reaction product and substrate was also developed.

Large scale and controllable preparation of W2C nanorods or WC nanodots with peroxidase-like catalytic activity

WC nanorods or WC nanodots are prepared via an easy,shape-controllable and large-scale preparation technique.Results reveal that each of the WC nanorods and WC nanodots has a peroxidase-like activity.Besides,the peroxidase-like activity of WC is the first time to be demonstrated.The catalytic efficiency of WC nanorods is much higher than that of WC nanodots and chemical condition range of WC can be wider than that of WC,which indicates that WC is likely to be used as artificial mimetic peroxidase or in-situ amplified colorimetric immunoassay.

老年髋关节置换术后谵妄与非谵妄患者康复疗效及远期预后分析

目的分析老年髋关节置换术后谵妄与非谵妄患者的康复疗效及远期预后。方法本研究为回顾性研究,分析北京市第二医院康复科2015年1月至2019年12月收治的54例老年髋关节置换术后患者资料,根据患者术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组,比较两组患者一般资料、住院期间日常活动能力评估(ADL)评分、术后1年的功能结局(行走、卧床、死亡)。结果54例患者中女性33例,男性21例,平均年龄(79.72±7.13)岁。谵妄组患者11例,其中女性4例,男性7例,平均年龄(82.09±8.59)岁;非谵妄组患者43例,其中女性29例,男性14例,平均年龄(79.12±6.70)岁,两组患者年龄差异无统计学意义(t=1.239,P=0.221>0.05)。谵妄组患者入院ADL评分为30(20,40)分,住院21天ADL评分为30(20,40)分,ADL差值为0(0,5)分;非谵妄组患者入院ADL评分为40(35,50)分,住院21天ADL评分为65(55,75)分,ADL差值为20(15,30)分。谵妄组康复前后ADL评分差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.414,P=0.157>0.05),非谵妄组康复前后ADL评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.728,P=0.000<0.05),两组患者入院时ADL评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.822,P=0.005<0.05),ADL差值差异具有统计学意义(Z=-4.999,P=0.000<0.05)。术后1年谵妄组患者死亡2例,存活9例,其中4例(36.4%)需要辅助装置行走,5例(45.4%)卧床;术后1年非谵妄组无死亡患者,36例(83.7%)可独立行走,6例(14.0%)需要辅助装置行走,1例(2.3%)卧床,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000<0.05)。结论老年髋关节置换术后患者中,术后1月内非谵妄患者康复疗效明显优于谵妄患者,术后1年非谵妄组存活、卧床、行走能力优于谵妄组。术后非谵妄组近期、远期预后均优于谵妄组,降低术后谵妄发生率是改善患者整体预后的关键。

不同品种辣椒POD和PPO活性与辣椒素含量的关系

对3个不同辣椒品种胎座和果肉中的辣椒素与其降解相关酶之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:不同品种辣椒,不同发育时期辣椒素含量及积累特点不同,其中牛角椒胎座中辣椒素含量最高,沈椒4号次之,农大40最少;沈椒4号果肉中辣椒素含量略高于牛角椒中含量,农大40果肉中最少,仅在花后36d检测到极少量的辣椒素,并且胎座中辣椒素的含量均高于果肉中。在整个辣椒果实发育时期,过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均和辣椒素含量呈一定的负相关,因此,这两种酶有可能参与了辣椒素的氧化降解,且在该过程中有互补的作用。

铀胁迫对大豆和玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长及SOD与POD活性的影响

采用实验室光照培养箱培养方法,对铀溶液胁迫下大豆和玉米种子的萌发、幼苗的早期生长和幼苗中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明,根长较其他指标对铀生态毒性试验更为敏感。与对照相比,在铀浓度为100～1000μmol·L-1的铀溶液胁迫下,大豆种子的萌发率不受影响,芽长受到抑制作用,低浓度的铀溶液对大豆根长有促进作用,高浓度的铀溶液抑制主根生长、但促进生根率,大豆的芽重、根重与对照相比均无显著性差异;胁迫不影响玉米种子的萌发率,但抑制其萌发势、生根势和生根率,低浓度的铀溶液对玉米的根长和根重有促进作用。大豆SOD活性在低浓度时被促进,高浓度时被抑制,POD活性在铀浓度为100μmol·L-1的铀溶液胁迫下即被抑制,且作用随铀浓度的升高而加强;玉米SOD、POD活性先升高后降低,但均高于对照。表明玉米抗铀胁迫的能力强于大豆。

凡纳滨对虾不同组织内SOD、POD酶的细胞化学定位

运用电镜酶细胞化学技术对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体内肝脏、肌肉、心脏、复眼和鳃等5种组织的SOD和POD酶的细胞化学定位进行了研究,并与感染病毒的凡纳滨对虾体内5种组织中SOD和POD的细胞化学定位进行比较。结果显示,在健康对虾体内,SOD酶阳性反应颗粒主要定位于肌肉、心脏、肝脏和鳃等组织细胞的线粒体膜、细胞质中,以及肝细胞的脂滴周围;POD酶主要定位于心脏、鳃和肝脏组织细胞的过氧化物酶体内,肝细胞中脂滴周围也有POD的阳性反应颗粒。感染病毒后,各组织细胞表现出明显的病理性结构变化,大量的髓样小体出现,脂滴数量明显减少。同时各组织中SOD和POD酶的细胞化学定位也发生了明显的变化,表现为心脏、鳃、肌肉组织细胞胞质中的SOD阳性颗粒消失,肝细胞中的SOD阳性颗粒明显减少,在心脏和鳃的线粒体基质内也出现SOD阳性颗粒;POD仍主要定位在过氧化物酶体中,但心脏中的过氧化物酶体解体而有许多呈阳性反应的小颗粒分布在细胞质中。结果表明SOD和POD在凡纳滨对虾防御氧的毒性损伤以及整个机体的免疫功能等方面起着重要的作用。

套袋对莱阳茌梨果皮结构和PPO、POD活性的影响

对莱阳茌梨幼果进行套袋处理,结果表明,套袋果实单宁层厚度、角质层厚度、皮孔覆盖值及多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性比对照分别下降15％～30.69％、21％～52.16％、40％、84％和37％。套袋使果实表皮层细胞排列更加整齐,黄袋作用比白袋更明显。套袋对结构的影响可能由于减少了外界不良环境作用和抑制了果实体内PPO、POD活性。套袋将有利于提高果实耐藏性和提高果实品质。

甘蔗成熟期蔗叶POD活性与自然脱叶率的相关性分析

以自然脱叶性状不同的甘蔗栽培品种为材料,测定成熟期甘蔗叶片、叶鞘、叶痕的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,调查甘蔗自然脱叶率,探讨POD活性与自然脱叶率的相关性。结果表明:在甘蔗不同成熟阶段,自然易脱叶型品种云蔗03–194的叶片、叶鞘、叶痕的POD活性均极显著高于难脱叶型品种桂糖02–467和云蔗99–91;在成熟前期、中期和后期,易脱叶型品种云蔗01–1413的叶片、叶鞘的POD活性极显著高于难脱叶型品种桂糖02–467和云蔗99–91;云蔗03–194、云蔗01–1413、桂糖02–467、云蔗99–91的自然脱叶率呈逐渐降低的的趋势;在成熟前期,叶片、叶鞘的POD活性与自然脱叶率呈显著正相关,在成熟中后期,叶片、叶鞘的POD活性与自然脱叶率呈极显著正相关,叶痕POD的活性与自然脱叶率呈显著正相关。

不同品种南瓜POD及PPO同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,对美洲南瓜 (Cucurbita pepo L.)和中国南瓜 (C.moschata Duch.)共 10个不同栽培品种的过氧化物酶 (POD)及多酚氧化酶 (PPO)同工酶进行了分析研究 ,并采用聚类分析法对其亲缘关系进行了比较和分类。结果表明 ,10个不同品种的南瓜根 POD共分离出 10条酶带 ,其中 e1、e4、e5、e6和 e9为 2个栽培种所共有 ;e4、e5、e6分离清晰 ,可作为 2个栽培种的特征酶带 ;PPO同工酶分离出 6条酶带 ,其中 e′1和e′4分离清晰 ,为 2个栽培种所共有。

温度对黄皮果实PAL、POD和PPO活性的影响

为探明贮藏过程中温度对黄皮果实采后保鲜的效果,研究了2～4℃、6～8℃和10～12℃等不同贮藏温度对黄皮果实几种酶活性的影响。结果表明,贮藏温度在2～12℃时,贮藏温度越低,保鲜效果越好,适宜的贮藏温度为2～4℃。2～4℃贮藏的黄皮果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性高于6～8℃和10～12℃贮藏的果实,而过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚化物酶(PPO)活性低于6～8℃和10～12℃贮藏的果实。2～4℃贮藏能增强黄皮果实的防伤害能力,明显抑制黄皮的酶促反应,有利于贮藏期限的延长。

菊花不同生长阶段不同器官POD和EST同工酶比较

采用过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点,分析了4个菊花品种营养生长和生殖生长阶段不同器官(嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、木质化茎)的同工酶变化.结果表明:(1)4个品种共有16种POD酶带,15种EST酶带;(2)菊花的POD和EST具有组织特异性和阶段特异性,其中以嫩叶的酶带最多,其次为老叶,再次为嫩茎,而木质化茎的酶带最少;(3)与生殖生长阶段相比,营养生长阶段的POD酶带更清晰,更整齐,分离更好,但生殖生长阶段的EST同工酶比营养生长阶段的更清晰;(4)营养生长阶段的嫩叶最适合用于菊花POD同工酶分析,而EST同工酶研究宜取生殖生长时期的嫩叶.

棉苗抗冷性与POD活性变化关系的研究

本实验以分属特早熟、中熟和晚熟三类不同抗冷级别的９个棉花品种为材料，将其幼苗经４℃低温处理１５小时，测定ＰＯＤ活性，并与未经冷冻处理的相应测定值进行分析比较。结果表明：（１）未经冷冻处理的棉苗（即对照）中的ＰＯＤ活性的大小与品种的抗冷性强弱成明显的正相关；（２）经低温处理后的所有供试品种的ＰＯＤ活性都有不同程度的提高，提高幅度与品种的抗冷性比成明显的负相关。因此．我们建议可将棉苗中的ＰＯＤ活性大小作为划分棉花苗期抗冷性级别的生化指标之一。

荔枝果皮2个POD同源基因的生物信息学分析及酶活测定

根据荔枝果皮cDNA文库,克隆到荔枝果皮的2个过氧化物酶基因,分别命名为LiPOD1和LiPOD2。经生物信息学分析表明,LiPOD1的ORF全长为1 062 bp,编码353个氨基酸;LiPOD2的ORF全长为990 bp,编码329个氨基酸。Blast分析表明,LiPOD1所推导的氨基酸序列与橡胶、毛果杨、甘薯具有较高的一致性,分别为87%、84%、81%;LiPOD2所推导的氨基酸序列与棉花、胡麻、紫花苜蓿、拟南芥具有较高的一致性,分别为88%、87%、85%、81%。保守结构域的分析表明,LiPOD1、LiPOD2基因均含有过氧化物酶完整的保守结构域,包括血红结合位点、活性位点、底物结合位点、钙离子结合位点。荔枝果皮褐变指数与过氧化物酶活性在常温贮藏过程中均呈增加的趋势。该研究结果对进一步验证这2个基因在荔枝果皮褐变衰老过程中的功能具有重要的理论意义。