Summer Persistence Barrier of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Central Western North Pacific

The persistence barrier of sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） in the North Pacific was investigated and compared with the ENSO spring persistence barrier. The results show that SSTAs in the central western North Pacific （CWNP） have a persistence barrier in summer： the persistence of SSTAs in the CWNP shows a significant decline in summer regardless of the starting month. Mechanisms of the summer persistence barrier in the CWNP are different from those of the spring persistence barrier of SSTAs in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The phase locking of SSTAs to the annual cycle does not explain the CWNP summer persistence barrier. Remote ENSO forcing has little linear influence on the CWNP summer persistence barrier, compared with local upper-ocean process and atmospheric forcing in the North Pacific. Starting in wintertime, SSTAs extend down to the deep winter mixed layer then become sequestered beneath the shallow summer mixed layer, which is decoupled from the surface layer. Thus, wintertime SSTAs do not persist through the following summer. Starting in summertime, persistence of summer SSTAs until autumn can be explained by the atmospheric forcing through a positive SSTAs-cloud/radiation feedback mechanism because the shallow summertime mixed layer is decoupled from the temperature anomalies at depth, then the following autumnwinter-spring, SSTAs persist. Thus, summer SSTAs in the CWNP have a long persistence, showing a significant decline in the following summer. In this way, SSTAs in the CWNP show a persistence barrier in summer regardless of the starting month.

Boreal Winter Rainfall Anomaly over the Tropical Indo-Pacific and Its Effect on Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP5 Models

Experimental outputs of 11 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （AMIP） models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） are analyzed to assess the atmospheric circulation anomaly over Northern Hemisphere induced by the anomalous rainfall over tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean during boreal winter.The analysis shows that the main features of the interannual variation of tropical rainfall anomalies,especially over the Central Pacific （CP） （5°S-5°N,175°E-135°W） and Indo-western Pacific （IWP） （20°S-20°N,110°-150°E） are well captured in all the CMIP5/AMIP models.For the IWP and western Indian Ocean （WIO） （10°S-10°N,45°-75°E）,the anomalous rainfall is weaker in the 11 CMIP5/AMIP models than in the observation.During El Ni（n）o/La Ni（n）a mature phases in boreal winter,consistent with observations,there are geopotential height anomalies known as the Pacific North American （PNA） pattern and Indo-western Pacific and East Asia （IWPEA） pattern in the upper troposphere,and the northwestern Pacific anticyclone （cyclone） （NWPA） in the lower troposphere in the models.Comparison between the models and observations shows that the ability to simulate the PNA and NWPA pattern depends on the ability to simulate the anomalous rainfall over the CP,while the ability to simulate the IWPEA pattern is related to the ability to simulate the rainfall anomaly in the IWP and WIO,as the SST anomaly is same in AMIP experiments.It is found that the tropical rainfall anomaly is important in modeling the impact of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean on the extratropical atmospheric circulation anomaly.

Analysis on characteristics of extreme precipitation indices and atmospheric circulation in Northern Shanxi

This article utilizes daily precipitation data from 28 national meteorological stations in northern Shanxi Province spanning from 1972 to 2020,and the US NCEP/NCAR monthly average reanalysis and ERA5 monthly average reanalysis data.The study employs techniques such as empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition,MannKendall mutation and other methods to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation index in northern Shanxi and their correlation with atmospheric circulation.The research results show that:the absolute index,relative index,intensity index and sustained dry period index(CDD)in the continuous index appear from southwest to northeast.The spatial distribution characteristics of the central region decrease,while the continuous wet period(CWD)decreases from the central to the east and west.The three indices Rx1day,Rx5day,and CWD mutated in 1978,1975,and 1983 respectively,and other extreme precipitation indices all appeared in a sudden change from a low-value period to a high-value period occurred around 2010.In the high-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,there is a significant negative anomaly in the height field in the mid-high latitude regions of Eurasia.Northern Shanxi is controlled by a broad low-pressure trough in the Lake Baikal area.Water vapor transported via the east,west,and south routes converges in the northern Shanxi region and encounters cold air from the north.There is a strong upward motion anomaly at 500 hPa in the troposphere,and the dynamic conditions of upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence lead to more summer extreme precipitation in the northern Shanxi region.Conversely,in the low-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,northern Shanxi is affected by a strong high-pressure ridge north of Lake Baikal.There is a downward motion anomaly at 500 hPa,and the northern Shanxi region lacks water vapor.The cold and warm air cannot converge,and both the water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions are poor,which is not conducive to the production of extreme precipitation in northern Shanxi.

Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with the“2022.06”Extreme Flood in the Beijiang River Basin,China

The occurrence of most major basin-wide floods is closely related to persistent heavy rainfall(PHR).In June 2022,a PHR event that lasted twenty days hit the Beijiang River Basin(BRB)in South China.The record-breaking rainfall led to major floods and caused tremendous losses.This study first reviews the spatiotemporal distribution of the precipitation and the flooding process of this PHR event and then analyzes the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the event based on the hourly reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5).The results show that the establishment and stabilization of mid-to high-latitude blockings provided a favorable background for the“2022.06”PHR event in the BRB.The convergence of water vapor at the low level,the release of unstable energy,and the development of stronger vertical ascending movement provided the necessary dynamic conditions.The vertical circulation of water vapor was much stronger than that of climatology,while the vertical ascending movement was also more active in the BRB.The heavy rainfall belt in the BRB was formed in a region with apparently stronger divergence,which also coincided with regions of higher-than-normal updraft velocity and specific humidity.

A numerical study of the impact of SST anomaly in the warm pool area on atmospheric circulation in winter

In this paper the impacts of the anomalous SST in the warm pool area of the Western Equatorial Pacific on the winter time circulation and the East Asian monsoon are studied by using the NCAR CCM. It is found that the abnormal heating in the warm pool area will change the strength and the position of the Walker Cell in the Equatorial Pacific and the anti-Walker Cell in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Both the Walker and anti-Walker Cells are strengthened. The local Hadley Cells over two hemispheres near the warm pool are also strengthened. The subtropical highs in two hemispheres become stronger and move poleward slightly. The westerly jets in the extratropical regions have similar changes as the subtropical highs. The winter monsoon in South-East Asia is weakened by the abnormal heating in the warm pool. The experiment also show that there are wave trains emanating from surrounding areas of the warm pool to the high latitudes, causing various changes in circulations and local weather.

Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation, Heat Sources and Moisture Sinks in Relation to Great Precipitation Anomalies in the Yangtze River Valley

Using the summer (June to August) monthly mean data of the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) - National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis from 1980 to 1997, atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks are calculated. Anomalous circulation and the vertically integrated heat source with the vertical integrated moisture sink and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) flux are examined based upon monthly composites for 16 great wet-spells and 8 great dry-spells over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The wind anomaly exhibits prominent differences between the great wet-spell and the great dry-spell over the Yangtze River Valley. For the great wet-spell, the anomalous southerly from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and the anomalous northerly over North China enhanced low-level convergence toward a narrow latitudinal belt area (the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River). The southerly anomaly is connected with an anticyclonic anomalous circulation system centered at 22 degreesN, 140 degreesE and the northerly anomaly is associated with a cyclonic anomalous circulation system centered at the Japan Sea. In the upper level, the anomalous northwesterly between an anticyclonic anomalous system with the center at 23 degreesN, 105 degreesE and a cyclonic anomalous system with the center at Korea diverged over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. On the contrary, for the great dry-spell, the anomalous northerly over South China and the anomalous southerly over North China diverged from the Yangtze River Valley in the low level. The former formed in the western part of a cyclonic anomalous system centered at 23 degreesN, 135 degreesE. The latter was located in the western ridge of an anticyclonic anomalous system in the northwestern Pacific. The upper troposphere showed easterly anomaly that converged over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A cyclonic anomalous system in South China and an anticyclonic system centered in the Japan Sea enhanced the easterly. Large atmospheric heat source anomalies of opposite signs existed over the western Pacific - the South China Sea, with negative in the great wet-spell and positive in the great dry-spell. The analysis of heat source also revealed positive anomalous heat sources during the great wet-spell and negative anomalous heat sources during the great dry-spell over the Yangtze River valley. The changes of the moisture sink and OLR were correspondingly altered, implying the change of heat source anomaly is due to the latent heat releasing of convective activity. Over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau- the Bay of Bengal, the analysis of heat source shows positive anomalous heat sources during the great wet-spell and negative anomalous heat sources during the great dry-spell because of latent heating change. The change of divergent wind coexisted with the change of heat source. In the great wet-spell, southerly divergent wind anomaly in the low level and northerly divergent wind anomaly in high-level are seen over South China. These divergent wind anomalies are helpful to the low-level convergence anomaly and high-level divergence anomaly over the Yangtze River valley. The low-level northerly divergent wind anomaly and high-level southerly divergent wind anomaly over South China reduced the low-level convergence and high-level divergence over the Yangtze River valley during the great dry-spell.

Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamic Mechanism for Persistent Haze Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

In this study, regional persistent haze events（RPHEs） in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei（BTH） region were identified based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events for the period 1980–2013. The formation mechanisms of the severe RPHEs were investigated with focus on the atmospheric circulation and dynamic mechanisms. Results indicated that：（1） 49 RPHEs occurred during the past 34 years.（2） The severe RPHEs could be categorized into two types according to the large-scale circulation, i.e. the zonal westerly airflow（ZWA） type and the high-pressure ridge（HPR） type. When the ZWA-type RPHEs occurred, the BTH region was controlled by near zonal westerly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere.Southwesterly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere, and near-surface wind speeds were only 1–2 ms^-1. Warm and humid air originating from the northwestern Pacific was transported into the region, where the relative humidity was 70% to 80%, creating favorable moisture conditions. When the HPR-type RPHEs appeared, northwesterly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere controlled the region. Westerly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere and the moisture conditions were relatively weak.（3） Descending motion in the mid-lower troposphere caused by the above two circulation types provided a crucial dynamic mechanism for the formation of the two types of RPHEs. The descending motion contributed to a reduction in the height of the planetary boundary layer（PBL）, which generated an inversion in the lower troposphere. This inversion trapped the abundant pollution and moisture in the lower PBL, leading to high concentrations of pollutants.

Interannual Variability of Snow Depth over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies

The interannual variability of wintertime snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and related atmospheric circulation anomalies were investigated based on observed snow depth measurements and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis was applied to identify the spatio-temporal variability of wintertime TP snow depth.Snow depth anomalies were dominated by a monopole pattern over the TP and a dipole structure with opposite anomalies over the southeastern and northwestern TP.The atmospheric circulation conditions responsible for the interannual variability of TP snow depth were examined via regression analyses against the principal component of the most dominant EOF mode.In the upper troposphere,negative zonal wind anomalies over the TP with extensively positive anomalies to the south indicated that the southwestward shift of the westerly jet may favor the development of surface cyclones over the TP.An anomalous cyclone centered over the southeastern TP was associated with the anomalous westerly jet,which is conducive to heavier snowfall and results in positive snow depth anomalies.An anomalous cyclone was observed at 500 hPa over the TP,with an anomalous anticyclone immediately to the north,suggesting that the TP is frequently affected by surface cyclones.Regression analyses revealed that significant negative thickness anomalies exist around the TP from March to May,with a meridional dipole anomaly in March.The persistent negative anomalies due to more winter TP snow are not conducive to earlier reversal of the meridional temperature gradient,leading to a possible delay in the onset of the Asian summer monsoon.

Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of theCentral-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation

A series of numerical experiments have been conducted with a perpetual July, nine-level general circulation spectral model to determine the effect of variation of the Arctic sea ice cover extent and the joint effect of anomalies of both the Arctic sea ice cover and the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature on the summer general circulation. Results show that the two factors,anomalously large extent of the Arctic sea ice cover and anomalously warm sea surface temperature over the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, play substantially the equal role in the effect on the summer general circulation, and either of them can notably induce the atmospheric anomalies. The main dynamical processes determining the effect of the Arctic sea ice and the equatorial SST anomalies are associated with two leading teleconnection patterns, i. e. the Asia North/American and Eurasian patterns observed in atmosphere. The results presented in this paper again prove that the general circulation is fundamentally motivated by the non-uniform heating between the equator and the pole on the rotating earth.

Relationship between Reduction of Summer Precipitation in North China and Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies

Based on Reanalysis datasets from National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) and summer rainfall datasets from China National Climate Center (NCC), by using trend analysis and composite analysis methods, the relationship between the reduction of summer precipitation in North China and northern hemispheric circulation changes was investigated. The results show that summer rainfall in North China had a significant decreasing tendency, especially true since 1965 in which an abrupt change occurred. The northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation at 500 hPa had a remarkable change after 1965, from outstanding meridional circulation to outstanding zonal circulation, leading to upper trough activity to decrease, resulting in the rainfall weather processes caused by upward motion behind trough significantly to reduce. At 500 hPa in Mongolian region, air temperature decreased, resulting in lower troposphere pressure to increase, leading to low pressure activity significantly to decrease and rainfall weather processes influencing North China to reduce. At the same time, the decreased air temperature in 500 hPa would caused the upper troposphere geopotential height to reduce, resulting in high–altitude jet southerly location, the East Asian summer monsoon to weaken, then it was difficult for water vapor transport to cross the Yangtze River valley and reach the North China region, with a southerly summer monsoon rainfall zone. The summer precipitation reduction in North China had a good correlation with the northern hemispheric circulation changes.

RELATION BETWEEN SUMMER TYPHOON FREQUENCY ANOMALIES IN WEST PACIFIC AND ENSO EVENTS AND THE ANOMALOUS ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS

By using data of serially numbered typhoons in northwestem Pacific and NOAA OLR data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of wind field, based on the statistics and study of the relationship between the calendar years with more （or fewer） summer typhoons and ENSO events, we compared the composites of OLR eigenvectors and tropical summer wind fields during E1 Nino and La Nino events with more or fewer than normal summer typhoons, respectively. The results show that, in summer, without remarkable systematic anomalies of Mascarene High and Australia High in South Hemisphere, the anomaly of Walker circulation will dominate and follow the rule of ENSO impacts to atmospheric circulation and typhoon frequency. Otherwise, when systematic anomalies of Australia High appear during the El Nino events, circulation anomalies in the South Hemisphere will dominate, and many more typhoons will occur. In 1999, which is a special year of La Nina events, northward and eastward monsoon was induced by the stronger Mascarene High, and fewer typhoons arose. The typhoon source are regions where weak vertical wind shear, warm pool in westem Pacific and the area with monsoon troughs are overlapping with each other. Finally, this paper analyzes and compares the source locations and ranges of more （fewer） typhoons in the events of El Nino and La Nino, respectively.

Atmospheric Anomalies Related to Interdecadal Variability of SST in the North Pacific

Anomalous patterns of the atmospheric circulation and climate are studied corresponding to the two basic interdecadal variation modes of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, namely, the 25-35-year mode and the 7-10-year mode. Results clearly indicate that corresponding to the positive and negative phases of the interdecadal modes of SST anomaly (SSTA) in the North Pacific, the anomalous patterns of the atmospheric circulation and climate are approximately out of phase, fully illustrating the important role of the interdecadal modes of SST. Since the two interdecadal modes of SSTA in the North Pacific have similar horizontal structures, their impacts on the atmospheric circulation and climate are also analogous. The impact of the interdecadal modes of the North Pacific SST on the atmospheric circulation is barotropic at middle latitudes and baroclinic in tropical regions.

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT(GEFA) METHOD

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SSTA IMPACTS OVER THE GLOBAL OCEAN ON THE ANOMALOUS CIRCULATION OVER EURASIA IN JANUARY 2008

In this paper, we discussed the features of atmospheric circulations over Eurasia as a response to sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） over the tropical Indian Ocean, the equatorial Pacific, Kuroshio and the North Atlantic. Our results are shown as follows： （1） CAM3.0, driven by the combined SSTAs over the four oceanic regions, can simulate well the features of anomalous atmospheric circulations over Eurasia in January 2008, indicating that the effects of the SSTAs over these four regions were one of the key causes of the anomalous systems over Eurasia. （2） The SSTAs over each key region contributed to the intensification of blocking over the Urals Mountains and a main East Asian trough. However, the influence of the SSTAs over individual oceanic regions differed from one another in other aspects. The SSTAs over the North Atlantic had an impact on the 500-hPa anomalous height （Z500A） over the middle-high latitudes and had a somewhat smaller effect over the low latitudes. For the warm SSTAs over Kuroshio, the subtropical high was much stronger, spread farther north than usual, and had an anomalous easterly that dominated the northwest Pacific Ocean. The warm SSTAs over the tropical Indian Ocean could have caused a negative Z500A from West Asia to Middle Asia, a remarkably anomalous southwesterly from the Indian Ocean to the south of China and an anomalous anticyclone circulation over the South China Sea-Philippine Sea region. Because of the La Nifia event, the winter monsoon was stronger than normal, with an anomalously cooler northerly over the southeastern coastal areas of China. （3） The combined effects of the SSTAs over the four key regions were likely more important to the atmospheric circulation anomalies of January 2008 over Eurasia than the effects of individual or partly combined SSTAS. This unique SSTA distribution possibly led to the circulation anomalies over Eurasia in January 2008, especially the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the subtropics, which were more similar to those of the winter E1 Nifio events than to the circulation anomalies following La Nifia.

中昆仑山北坡持续性暴雨的水汽输送及其大气三维结构特征

利用基于拉格朗日方法的HYSPLIT_4轨迹模式,结合地基GPS-MET观测资料,对2019年6月24~26日中昆仑山北坡一次持续性暴雨天气大尺度水汽输送特征及水汽源地进行分析,阐明了干旱区强降水期间大尺度环流异常与水汽持续接力输送过程的关系。结果表明:(1)降水前副热带高压(简称副高)位置异常偏西,副高外围偏南气流造成高原增湿明显。强降水期间,副高继续向西北伸展,低纬度水汽沿印度夏季风环流向北输送,经青藏高原接力输送至暴雨区,与塔什干低涡前偏南气流共同构成了中昆仑山北坡持续性强降水的水汽输送通道,水汽持续接力输送造成暴雨区可降水量(PWV)出现两次急剧增湿过程,测站PWV峰值达到气候平均值近2倍。(2)300 hPa温度异常对于本次中昆仑山北坡持续性大暴雨天气水汽输送具有重要的作用。降水前和降水期间,300 hPa暖异常中心激发200 hPa反气旋式环流异常和经向风正异常中心,同时,在暖异常中心南侧(印度半岛北部)和西侧,激发500 hPa反气旋式环流异常中心和气旋式环流异常中心,反气旋式环流后部经向风正异常中心将低纬度地区暖湿气流向北输送,与气旋式环流东部偏南气流在暴雨区汇合,为持续性暴雨的发生提供充沛的水汽供应。

山西北部极端降水时空演变规律及与大气环流因子的响应

基于山西北部28个国家气象站点,1972—2020年逐日降水资料,选用8个极端降水指数,采用线性回归、Pearson相关分析、连续小波和交叉小波变换分析等方法,研究了山西北部极端降水的时空变化及其与大气环流因子的相关性和周期特征。结果表明:(1)在时间上,山西北部8个极端降水指数都是在20世纪70年代后期和21世纪00年代后期到10年代,年总降水量(PRCPTOT)、中雨以上日数(R10mm)、强降水量(R95P)、极强降水量(R99P)、1 d最大降水量(Rx1day)、5 d最大降水量(Rx5day)均增多,日降水强度(SDII)显著增强,持续湿期日数(CWD)也略有增多。整个20世纪80年代降水异常偏少。(2)在空间上,极端降水指数呈从东北向西南地区逐步增加的态势。从站点趋势变化来分析,大多数站点的极端降水指数呈上升趋势,其中,上升趋势最显著的站点均位于忻州市境内西南部。朔州市境内和忻州市东南部站点PRCPTOT和SDII都呈增加趋势,但CWD则呈减少趋势,由此说明朔州市境内和忻州市东南部地区发生极端降水事件的概率较大。(3)通过小波变换分析发现,1990—2020年山西北部极端降水指数表现出约4 a左右的周期特征。在选取的大气环流指数中,北大西洋涛动指数(NAO)对山西北部极端降水影响最明显,NAO越大,PRCPTOT、R10mm、R95p、R99p、Rx1day、Rx5day、SDII则越小,同时CWD也越少,山西北部产生少雨干旱的几率较大,反之,易发生多雨、洪涝现象。研究结果可为山西北部气象灾害的防御提供科学理论依据。

2022年长江三峡地区气候状况分析

利用长江三峡地区逐日观测资料和我国自主研发的全球再分析资料CRA-40,分析了2022年三峡地区气候特征,梳理了气候事件及气象灾害,简析了发生在夏季的极端高温事件成因。得出以下结论:2022年,长江三峡地区暖干气候特点突出,年平均气温较常年高0.8℃,为1961年以来第二高,夏季平均气温和高温日数均为历史同期最高,分别较常年高出2.4℃和24.8d;三峡地区年降水量较常年减少18.4%,与常年相比大部分地区更加干燥,阶段性变化大,夏季和秋季降水偏少,年暴雨日数较常年减少。三峡地区夏秋季持续高温少雨引发严重气象干旱,对农业生产、水库蓄水、能源供应及人体健康产生较大影响。分析表明,全球变暖是造成极端高温发生的大背景,大气环流异常,特别是西太平洋副热带高压及南亚高压异常,是高温发生且极端性突出的直接原因。

塔里木河流域夏季降水年际和年代变化的环流异常

基于1961-2020年夏季(6-8月)NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和塔里木河流域38个气象站降水资料,使用5 a滑动平均分离出该流域夏季降水年代际和年际变化,选出年际变化典型的干年和湿年与年代际变化的干期(1963-1986年)和湿期(1989-2018年),分析与这两种时间尺度变化相关联的大气环流异常。结果表明:影响年代际变化的大气环流异常主要是大西洋和欧亚大陆的对流层位势高度场从西北至东南交替出现反气旋和气旋距平环流。在湿期,分别在蒙古国和中亚的反气旋和气旋距平环流加强,塔里木河流域东部和西部分别出现明显的东风和西南风异常,来自西北太平洋和印度洋的水汽增多;在干期则相反。影响年际变化的大气环流异常主要是:在湿年,塔里木河流域之外的西北部和东北部的对流层都为显著的反气旋距平环流,塔里木河流域西部对流层为气旋距平环流,流域东部对流层为反气旋和气旋距平环流影响区;从南北方向向塔里木河流域输送的水汽增多,北风的水汽输送增加较多,南风的水汽输送增加较少,来自北冰洋和印度洋水汽增多;在干年则相反。

山西省秋季降水的时空变化特征及成因分析

利用山西省1961-2021年秋季降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和海温资料,分析山西省秋季降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:山西省秋季降水在20世纪70年代中期前偏多,之后减少,21世纪00年代中期又开始增多。进一步从大气环流角度探讨这种年代际变化的成因可知,在降水偏多时期,200 hPa纬向风场东亚西风急流位置偏北,有利于山西地区上升运动增强;500 hPa位势高度场上欧亚大陆上空呈现出显著的正-负-正异常分布,有利于高纬冷空气向南爆发;850 hPa风场有利于低纬水汽向山西输送,在这样的高低空环流配置下,有利于山西省降水增加。同时山西省秋季降水量与海温异常存在密切关系,当前期3-5月北太平洋中部海温偏高,热带中东太平洋海温偏低时,山西省南部秋季降水易偏多。

中国典型大范围持续干旱事件对大气环流的响应

在全球气候变化和人类活动强度增加的双重驱动下,频繁、广发的大范围极端干旱事件给中国经济社会发展和生态环境造成了严重影响。为分析中国干旱的时空动态演变特征,该研究采用标准化降水蒸散指数(standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)结合干旱历时、干旱面积以及干旱烈度,构建了一种基于持续干旱栅格概念的大范围持续干旱事件识别方法,研究1961—2020年中国历史大范围持续干旱事件的时空动态演变特征及其对大气环流的响应机制。研究发现:过去60年中国共发生了47场大范围持续干旱事件,平均持续干旱历时为7.14个月,平均持续干旱面积为28.66%,平均持续干旱烈度为-2.86;1980—2010年间每10 a发生的干旱事件平均持续干旱面积出现连续扩大趋势,在1970—2020年间每10 a发生的干旱事件平均持续干旱历时集中在4~8个月之间;海洋尼诺指数(Oceanic Ni?o Index,ONI)与中国大范围持续干旱事件的发生表现出较强的相关性,ONI与SPEI3之间主要存在16~48月的共振周期,当强拉尼娜事件发生时会导致中国春季降水的减少,增加中国发生春旱的频次。研究结果有助于进一步理解中国干旱的成因和规律,提升防旱抗旱政策的科学性和精准性。