Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamic Mechanism for Persistent Haze Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

In this study, regional persistent haze events（RPHEs） in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei（BTH） region were identified based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events for the period 1980–2013. The formation mechanisms of the severe RPHEs were investigated with focus on the atmospheric circulation and dynamic mechanisms. Results indicated that：（1） 49 RPHEs occurred during the past 34 years.（2） The severe RPHEs could be categorized into two types according to the large-scale circulation, i.e. the zonal westerly airflow（ZWA） type and the high-pressure ridge（HPR） type. When the ZWA-type RPHEs occurred, the BTH region was controlled by near zonal westerly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere.Southwesterly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere, and near-surface wind speeds were only 1–2 ms^-1. Warm and humid air originating from the northwestern Pacific was transported into the region, where the relative humidity was 70% to 80%, creating favorable moisture conditions. When the HPR-type RPHEs appeared, northwesterly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere controlled the region. Westerly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere and the moisture conditions were relatively weak.（3） Descending motion in the mid-lower troposphere caused by the above two circulation types provided a crucial dynamic mechanism for the formation of the two types of RPHEs. The descending motion contributed to a reduction in the height of the planetary boundary layer（PBL）, which generated an inversion in the lower troposphere. This inversion trapped the abundant pollution and moisture in the lower PBL, leading to high concentrations of pollutants.

Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal region

Here,we report the characteristics of bacterial communities in aerosols with different particle sizes during two persistent fog and haze events in December of 2015 and 2016 in Qingdao,China.In the early stage of pollution,the accumulation of PM_(2.5) led to the accumulation of microorganisms,thus increasing the bacterial richness and diversity of fine particle sizes.With the persistence and aggravation of pollution,the toxic effect was strengthened,and the bacterial richness and diversity of each particle size decreased.When the particle concentration was highest,the richness and diversity were low for each particle size.Light haze had little influence on bacterial communities.The occurrence of highly polluted humid weather and heavy haze resulted in significant changes in bacterial community diversity,composition and structure,and air pollution exerted a greater influence than particle size on bacterial community structure.During persistent fog and haze events,with the increase of pollutants,bacteria associated with each particle size may be extensively involved in aerosol chemistry,but the degree of participation varies,which requires further study.