Detection of Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Eggs of Antarctic Seabirds Based on Gas Chromatography and Their Ecological Environment Significance

By using internal standard method based on gas chromatography-electron capture detector （GC-ECD）, the contents of persistent or- ganochlorine pollutants polychorinated biphenyls （PCBs） and organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） in eggs of seabirds （ Catharacta Ionnbergi, Cathar- acta maccormicki, Pygoscelis papua and Macronectes giganteus） breeding on King George Island, Antarctica were detected, and their ecological environment significance was discussed. The results showed that the recovery of various compounds ranged from 68.6% to 90.8% ; relative stand- ard deviation （RSD） was 3.6%, and the lowest detection limits of PCBs and OCPs were 0.8 - 16 and 2 - 12 pg respectively, which could meet the demands for the residue analysis of trace persistent organochlorine pollutants in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds. The contents of PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds were 0.5 -515.5, 2.0 -304.4,0.5 -70.5, and 0.5 -2.0 ng/g respectively. In addition, the accumula- tion of PCBs and OCPs in the skuas was enhanced gradually through the food chain. The maximums of persistent organochlorine pollutants ap- peared in the eggs of C. Ionnbergi, followed by the eggs of C. maccomicki. The detection of OCPs and PCBs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds was not interfered by other compounds containing chlorine, showing that the extraction, purification and detection method was suitable for the analysis of OCPs and PCBs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds and has high sensitivity and reliability.

Advances in the electrochemical degradation of environmental persistent organochlorine pollutants:materials,mechanisms,and applications

Pollution from persistent organic chlorinated pollutants(POCPs)in water environments is attributable to historical reasons and the lack of effective discharge regulations.Electrochemical degradation of POCPs,as a key study for POCP degradation,involves the use of electrons as reducing or oxidizing agents.The occurrence of this degradation depends on the environmental characteristics of the POCPs,the electrochemical materials used,and the technology and mechanisms involved.Furthermore,regarding the development of new materials and technologies,such as micro-,nano-,and atomic-sized materials,the degradation of POCPs achieves higher degradation efficiency and maximizes current utilization efficiency.In this review article,we first summarize the current status and future opportunities of the electrochemical degradation of POCPs.Environmental characteristics of POCPs facilitate a comparison of POCP degradation,and a comparison of electrochemical materials and their methods is made.Subsequently,we discuss technologies for the electrochemical degradation of POCPs from three aspects:oxidation,reduction,and a combination of oxidation and reduction.Moreover,the mechanisms were generalized in terms of molecular structure,electrode materials,and solution environment.In addition to maximizing the intrinsic enhancement factors of degradation,strategies to improve environmental accessibilities are equally important.This review article aims to effectively guide the advancement of POCP degradation and the remediation of environmental water pollution.