Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Crystalline and amorphous metal sulfide composite electrode materials with long cycle life:Preparation and performance of hybrid capacitors

Crystalline@amorphous NiCo_(2)S_(4)@MoS_(2)(v-NCS@MS)nanostructures were designed and constructed via an ethylene glycol-induced strategy with hydrothermal synthesis and solvothermal method,which simultaneously realized the defect regulation of crystal NiCo_(2)S_(4) in the core.Taking advantage of the flexible protection of an amor-phous shell and the high capacity of a conductive core with defects,the v-NCS@MS electrode exhibited high specif-ic capacity(1034 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1))and outstanding rate capability.Moreover,a hybrid supercapacitor was assembled with v-NCS@MS as cathode and activated carbon(AC)as anode,which can achieve remarkably high specific energy of 111 Wh·kg^(-1) at a specific power of 219 W·kg^(-1) and outstanding capacity retention of 80.5%after 15000 cycling at different current densities.

Impact of community-based rehabilitation on quality of life and self-esteem of persons with physical disabilities and their family members

Objective:Community-based rehabilitation(CBR)is a strategy by which persons living with disability(PWDs)access comprehensive rehabilitation services with limited evidence regarding its impact on the quality of life(QOL)and self-esteem(SE)of PWDs and their family members.This study compared the QOL and SE of Nigerian PWDs in communities with and without a CBR programme(CBR and non-CBR respectively),and the family quality of life(FQOL)of their family members.Methods:Cross-sectional study involving 2604 PWDs(1302 in CBR and 1302 in non-CBR);5208 family members of PWDs(2604 in CBR and 2604 non-CBR),recruited from four randomly selected geo-political zones in Nigeria,purposive/consecutive selection of eight CBR programmes,PWDs and their family members(CBR and non-CBR).Outcomes assessed using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES),World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-short form(WHOQOL-BREF)and Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Instrument(BCFQOL).Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank order correlation were used to analyse data at P<0.05.Results:PWDs in CBR scored higher in all domains of WHOQOL-BREF(P<0.0001 in all cases)and RSES than non-CBR group(P<0.0001).The CBR families scored significantly higher than non-CBR families in all domains(P<0.05)except Emotional Well-Being of the BCFQOL.The CBR group scores on Psychological and Social Health domains of the WHOQOL-BREF showed significant positive correlation with CBR families'Family Interaction(P=0.06)and Parenting(P=0.07)domains and total FQOL(P=0.07).Conclusion:Community-based rehabilitation positively impacted on SE and QOL of PWDs and their family members.

Tik-Tok Usage During Third Wave of COVID-19 and Its Impacts on Personal,Academic,and Social Life of Teenagers and Youngsters in Turkey

Tik-Tok is a famous entertainment and art creation app that is used all around the world,which enables everyone to make short video clip ranging from 30 seconds to 1 minute and which is published and shared with family,friends,and public.This app is downloaded about 1.5 billion times with 800 million users all around the world,Tik-Tok users from China,India,USA,Russia,and Turkey are at the top.This paper explores the usage of Tik-Tok under the pandemic COVID-19 and how does it impact on personal,academic,and social life of youngsters and teenagers in Turkey.We collected primary data by using questionnaires from four big provinces:Istanbul,Ankara,Izmir,and Antalya(mainly top tourist provinces),500 samples were collected by using convenience sampling method,data collected in between 1 April 2021 to 2 May 2021,data analyzed by Multiple ANOVA,three times simple regression was used to explore the impact of Tik-Tok on personal,academic,and social life separately,furthermore correlation test was also applied to show strength among variables.Results indicate statistical significance(p<0.01)which supports the hypotheses.

Life′s Simple 7干预减轻Her⁃2阳性乳腺癌患者化疗相关心血管系统损害的研究

目的探讨Life′s Simple 7(LS7)干预减轻Her⁃2阳性乳腺癌患者根治术后化疗相关心血管系统损害的作用。方法将120例Her⁃2阳性并接受标准化乳腺癌化疗的患者随机等量分为对照组及LS7组,对照组为标准化疗方案,LS7组为对照组基础上给予LS7干预12个月,后续通过比较两组治疗前后心血管系统损伤程度、焦虑、抑郁及生活质量等指标评价其对心血管系统损害的改善作用。结果相较于对照组,LS7组LS7总评分及7项心血管健康指标均优于对照组(P<0.05),LS7组LVEF较高(P<0.05)、NT⁃proBNP较低(P<0.05),焦虑和抑郁评分较低(P<0.05)、生活质量评分较高(P<0.05)。结论LS7干预可显著减轻Her⁃2阳性乳腺癌化疗相关心血管系统损害并改善乳腺癌患者的心理状况和生活质量,值得在临床推广。

基于断裂力学的腐蚀钢丝疲劳S-N曲线研究

高强冷拔钢丝因其优异的力学性能被广泛应用于缆索承重结构,服役过程中钢丝腐蚀与断裂威胁着结构安全。钢丝腐蚀后表面的蚀坑因应力集中效应易产生疲劳裂纹,因此腐蚀钢丝剩余疲劳寿命主要取决于裂纹的扩展阶段,且裂纹扩展受到腐蚀程度(初始损伤)的显著影响。精确表征腐蚀程度并准确评估服役期钢丝腐蚀后的剩余寿命,仍是亟待解决的维修难题。首先采用蚀坑最大深度表征钢丝腐蚀程度,以应力强度因子幅作为裂纹扩展驱动力指标,基于断裂力学的Paris公式建立受拉钢丝裂纹扩展理论模型,进而推导腐蚀钢丝的疲劳S-N曲线。大量既有的腐蚀钢丝疲劳试验结果与理论预测值的比较验证了所提理论模型及疲劳S-N曲线的合理性和有效性。含多个蚀坑的钢丝裂纹扩展有限元模拟表明,等效单裂纹适用于多腐蚀坑钢丝疲劳寿命的简化分析。参数分析表明,蚀坑深度和腐蚀环境是腐蚀钢丝疲劳强度的关键影响因素,而应力比和疲劳加载频率影响较小,所提出的S-N曲线在钢丝常规服役条件下适用于评估其剩余寿命,可得到合理的预测结果。基于断裂力学所提的理论方法和疲劳S-N曲线可为腐蚀钢丝的疲劳强度和寿命评估提供参考。

Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients

With the great development of liver transplantation in China, long survival and quality of life after liver transplantation have been matters of growing interest. This study was designed to investigate the impact of personality and coping skills on the quality of life after liver transplantation. METHODS:Fifty-five outpatients who had been followed up after liver transplantation at our center were assessed by general quality of life inventory (GQOLI-74 ), a medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ), an eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and a general condition questionnaire (GCQ). RESULTS: The score for material well-being was the lowest (63.22±12.67) and for psychological well-being the highest (73.43±12.60) in 4 dimensions of the GQOLI in post transplantation patients. Their main coping method was confrontation (21.40±3.70). The main characteristics of their personality were extraversation (E score 12.96±4.13) and neuroticism (N score 8.20±4.90) . The total score of the GQOLI was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and it was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. The physical well-being positively associated with the E score. The psychological well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and L score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance, P and N score. Social well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. Material well-being was not correlated with coping methods and personality. CONCLUSION:The quality of life in post liver transplantation patients is associated with their psychological characteristics.

液压成形对液体火箭发动机多层增强S型波纹管结构疲劳寿命的影响

完善液体火箭发动机燃气摇摆装置中增强S型波纹管组件的疲劳寿命评估方法,提高其疲劳寿命预测精度,是发展可重复使用液体火箭发动机的重要课题之一。针对多层增强S型波纹管,为了计算其液压成形后的实际寿命数据,了解成形工艺对其疲劳寿命的影响,提出一种充分考虑成形制备过程对结构不同区域几何构型和材料力学性能造成差异化影响后的波纹管疲劳寿命分析方法。该方法基于成形仿真和材料拉伸试验结果,构建实际波纹管有限元模型并进行三维仿真分析,得到其在高内压和不同摆动工况下结构危险点的循环载荷信息,并根据波纹管结构的低周疲劳失效特点采用子午向应力应变数据,以及经过平均应力应变修正的Manson-Coffin(M-C)公式对波纹管的循环寿命进行估算和对比分析。结果表明:波纹管疲劳寿命薄弱点位置和大小均与循环摆角有关;在预测计算中考虑液压成形作用影响更接近实际场景,所得结构疲劳寿命大小和所在区域均与理论模型值存在差异,在结构设计、优化和健康监测中不应忽视其影响。

Neuroticism personality trait is associated with Quality of Life in patients with Chronic Heart Failure

AIM: To evaluate Quality of life(QoL) in chronic heart failure(CHF) in relation to Neuroticism personality trait and CHF severity.METHODS: Thirty six consecutive, outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure(6 females and 30 males, mean age: 54 ± 12 years), with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% at optimal medical treatment at the time of inclusion, were asked to answer the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire(KCCQ) for Quality ofLife assessment and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory for personality assessment. All patients un-derwent a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle-ergometer, in order to access CHF severity. A multivariate linear regression analysis us-ing simultaneous entry of predictors was performed to examine which of the CHF variables and of the person-ality variables were correlated independently to QoL scores in the two summary scales of the KCCQ, namely the Overall Summary Scale and the Clinical Summary Scale.RESULTS: The Neuroticism personality trait score had a significant inverse correlation with the Clinical Sum-mary Score and Overall Summary Score of the KCCQ(r =-0.621, P < 0.05 and r =-0.543, P < 0.001, respec-tively). KCCQ summary scales did not show significant correlations with the personality traits of Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Mul-tivariate linear regression analysis using simultaneous entry of predictors was also conducted to determine the best linear combination of statistically significant univari-ate predictors such as Neuroticism, VE/VCO2 slope and VO2 peak, for predicting KCCQ Clinical Summary Score. The results show Neuroticism(β =-0.37, P < 0.05), VE/VCO2 slope(β =-0.31, P < 0.05) and VO2 peak(β = 0.37, P < 0.05) to be independent predictors of QoL. In multivariate regression analysis Neuroticism(b =-0.37, P < 0.05), the slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise,(VE/VCO2 slope)(b =-0.31, P < 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),(b = 0.37, P < 0.05) were independent predictors of QoL(adjusted R2 = 0.64; F = 18.89, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Neuroticism is independently associat-ed with QoL in CHF. QoL in CHF is not only determined by disease severity but also by the Neuroticism person-ality trait.

Association between Caregiver Quality of Life and the Care Provided to Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease: Systematic Review

We reviewed the literature to examine whether an association exists between the quality of life (QoL) of primary informal Alzheimer's disease (AD) caregivers and the level and quality of care that these caregivers provide to their loved ones with AD. We obtained studies focusing on the care that these caregivers provide for their family members with AD. Our outcome of interest was level or quality of care and the independent variable was caregiver QoL. We extracted data in tabular form and used a narrative synthesis approach to describe our findings. Only one relevant study was included in the review. Overall, the evidence was equivocal regarding the associations between caregiver QoL and the level/quality of care in AD.

Factors influencing quality of life in Chinese patients with dementia: a systematic review

Background:Dementia is a group of nervous system diseases characterized by progressive cognitive decline,leading to a loss of self-care ability and a decline in well-being.This places a significant burden on the global healthcare system,with Chinese patients accounting for approximately one-quarter of the world’s dementia cases.Therefore,it is crucial to identify factors that impact the quality of life(QOL)among elderly Chinese individuals with dementia.Method:To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search of several databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,China VIP Database and China Biomedical Literature Database.We reviewed cross-sectional studies from the inception of these databases until March 27,2022.QOL outcomes were assessed using standardized scales in the studies included in this review.Results:The search yielded a total of 1,235 relevant articles,from which we finally included 21 cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study after rigorous quality assessment.Among these,10 studies were classified as high quality,while 12 were classified as fair quality.Through our analysis,we identified 28 patient-rated QOL factors and 14 caregiver-rated QOL factors.These factors were categorized into three groups:patient,disease-related and caregiver.Factors commonly found to influence patient-rated QOL included age,education,marital status,depression,self-care ability,dementia severity,cognitive function,behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver burden.Similarly,factors commonly influencing caregiver-rated QOL included economic status,depression,self-care ability,dementia severity,cognitive function,behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiving time.Conclusion:This review clarifies the factors that influence the QOL of Chinese individuals with dementia.When implementing interventions,it is crucial to consider the differences between patient-rated QOL and caregiver-proxy-rated QOL,as well as their respective influencing factors.

具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣算法

针对蜉蝣优化算法(MA)全局搜索能力较弱,对子代优秀个体有效信息利用不够充分的缺点,以及在计算中后期易陷入局部收敛,进而影响优化效果的问题,提出一种具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣优化算法(S-AMA)。S-AMA算法首先采用Logistic混沌映射产生蜉蝣种群,增加算法初期种群的多样性;随后,将蜉蝣生命周期进行数学建模,并引入S型生命系数替换原有的重力惯性系数,动态调整算法探索能力和开发能力间的平衡性;最后,根据蜉蝣在缺氧环境下的种群活动,引入稚虫迁徙机制强化子代优秀个体摆脱局部最优的能力,进而更加充分地搜索最优解附近的区域,以增强算法的收敛精度。实验部分将S-AMA应用于标准函数测试集,并分别进行优化对比实验、Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果表明:与对比算法相比,S-AMA算法具有更好的寻优能力、收敛速度及鲁棒性。

Basic studies on life circumstances and stress in persons with congenital physical disabilities using always wheelchairs

Many studies about the health problems of persons with physical disabilities have been performed, however few studies have focused on the life circumstances of persons with physical disabilities. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between stress and the life circumstances of persons with congenital physical disabilities who must use wheelchairs. The participants were 70 individuals who used the services of care workers employed by welfare service business offices. Participants used wheelchairs. In addition, those participants who used a standard manual wheelchair were not able to operate it alone. Participants were required to answer a two-part questionnaire with questions about factors related to basic lifestyle and stress, and about life factors related to the stress of individuals with physical disabilities. No significant relationship between lifestyle and stress was found in either males or females. Most persons with congenital physical disabilities using wheelchairs had some kind of stress in daily life. In particular, significantly more level of stress was found in females (90%) than that in males (65%). Levels of stress according to life factor differed between males and females. The most dramatic gender difference was that the level of stress caused by the mental or mind factor in females was significantly higher than that in males (p < 0.05). Most persons who must use wheelchairs have stress resulting from daily life, and in particular, females experience more mental stress than males.

Attitudes Toward People Who Stutter in the Chinese Context: An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Knowledge Sources

The public’s attitudes can affect the experience of stuttering of people who stutter.This study investigated the attitudes held by the public about people who stutter in China.A web-based written survey with closed and open-ended questions was implemented to develop a rich understanding.One hundred and two respondents in 26 provinces and 3 municipalities provided comments on people who stutter in their life aspects such as personality,speech,social life,work,life participation,education,dating and marriage,capability,and communication skills.The predominantly negative attitudes towards the overall domains were identified.Attitudes to people who stutter varied according to the different sources of knowledge.Familiarity with people who stutter might reduce stereotypes.However,knowledge from the media might aggravate stereotypes.Implications and future research orientation were also discussed.

Work Transformations and Their Consequences for the Personal Life of Workers

The civilisation transformations which occur in the sphere of human work, have a strong influence over their functioning both in the professional and extraprofessional spheres. Scientific analyses, as well as everyday observation, suggest that there are increases in the tension between work and personal life, which results in imbalance and perceiving both the spheres as mutually contradictory, as well as having adverse consequences for workers and their families, organisations, the society, and economics. As regards this occurrence, the aim of the article is to show selected civilizational trends which generate the issues with maintaining work--personal life balance of contemporary humans. The article is of theoretical character and is based on the method of critical literature analysis, as well as on the analysis of formal-legal documents, reports, and statistical sources. The theoretical-case analyses let one formulate a conclusion that the transformation one undergone in the sphere of professional work often bears adverse consequences for the sphere of workers＇ personal lives and this should be a significant scientific research field.

Expectations and Level of Satisfaction of the Patient with Parkinson’s Disease Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Reports show continued patient satisfaction after surgery despite not maintaining clinical improvement as measured by evolution scales. Objectives: The present study sought to explore expectations and level of satisfaction in patients after DBS surgery with a semi-structured questionnaire and subsequent correlation with functional scales, Quality of Life (QoL), and motor and non-motor symptoms. Methods: We performed descriptive statistics to represent demographic data, Wilcoxon rank tests to determine significant differences, and Spearman correlation between the applied scales. Results: We evaluated 20 patients with a history of DBS surgery. 45% were female, with a mean age of 55.7 ± 14.15 years, a mean disease duration of 13.42 ± 8.3 years, and a mean time after surgery of 3.18 ± 1.86 years. Patients reported surgery meeting expectations in 85.5% and continued satisfaction in 92%. These two variables showed a significant correlation. Conclusions: This sample of patients remained satisfied after DBS surgery, although we found no differences in motor and non-motor clinimetric scales. Further studies are needed to confirm the importance of assessing quality of life in patients with DBS.

Turning into a “Godparent”: How adult volunteers negotiate their personal life to become a mentor for “Unaccompanied Refugee Minors”

This article looks into how volunteers deal with their biographies and social embeddedness to make sense of their engagement in mentoring before they are matched. It draws on a qualitative investigation on a community-based pilot youth mentoring program for “unaccompanied refugee minors” in Austria. This article reveals how already trained, local adults actively relate to “family,”“migration” and “previous activities” in their meaning-making. It shows how they negotiate their personal life and existing relationships in the process of turning into a future “godparent.” The discussion of findings against the state of the art leads the way to two heuristic claims: firstly, the study provides grounded arguments for an extension of the conventional mentoring concept on the side of the mentor. Secondly, for a more relational and processual approach towards the mentors’ side, both biographical and social network dimensions need to be integrated in methods and designs of youth mentoring research.

基于B/S架构的军校教材管理系统分析与设计

近年来,军校教材呈现爆发式增长,旧的教材管理系统已不能有效进行信息化管理,工作效率低。根据军校对教材管理的特定需求,对系统和技术可行性进行客观分析,提出一种基于B/S架构的军校教材管理系统设计,并探讨系统运行性能指标,对系统的拓扑结构、运行环境、功能实现等进行全面设计,充分利用军校现有的校园网络系统实现每册教材的全生命周期管理。

基于ABAQUS的汽车转向拉杆心轴疲劳失效分析及改进

转向拉杆是汽车转向机构中的重要零件,它在转向系中起着传递运动的作用,直接影响汽车操纵的稳定性、运行的安全性和轮胎的使用寿命。运用ABAQUS对某车型转向拉杆外球节心轴进行CAE分析并结合其材料的S-N曲线验证第一次根据经验设计出的产品的不合理性,然后通过CAE有限元分析方法设计出符合客户疲劳寿命要求的产品,并通过实验验证。