Using data from 60th round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of ‘catastrophic’ maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in u...Using data from 60th round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of ‘catastrophic’ maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in urban and rural areas separately. Additionally, it measures the effect of maternal health care expenditure on poverty incidence and examines the factors associated with such impoverishment due to maternal health care payments. We found that maternal health care expenditure in urban households was almost twice that of rural households. A little more than one third households suffered catastrophic payments in both urban and rural areas. Rural women from scheduled tribes (ST) had more catastrophic head counts than ST women from urban areas. On the other hand, the catastrophic head count was greater among illiterate women living in urban areas compared to those living in rural areas. After adjusting for out-of-pocket maternal health care expenditure, the poverty in urban and rural areas increased by almost equal percentage points (20% in urban areas versus 19% in rural areas). Increasing education level, higher consumption expenditure quintile and higher caste of women was associated with increasing odds of impoverishment due to maternal health care expenditure. To reduce maternal health care expenditure induced poverty, the demand-side maternal health care financing programs and policies in future should take into consideration all the costs incurred during prenatal, delivery and postnatal periods and focus not only on those women who suffered catastrophic expenditure and plunged into poverty but also those who forgo maternal health care due to their inability to pay.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditure of families on the health care of children younger than 5 years in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study...Objective:This study aimed to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditure of families on the health care of children younger than 5 years in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in a rural area of Kancheepuram district for 5 months.All households with at least one child younger than 5 years were eligible for the study,and 153 households were selected for the fi nal study.A semistructured and pretested schedule was used to obtain information about various study variables during home visits.Ethics approval was obtained before the start of the study.Data were entered into Microsoft Excel,and statistical analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.Frequency distributions were calculated for all the variables.Results:The fi ndings indicate that most children younger than 5 years were males(62.7%).The maximum out-of-pocket expenditure was for accidents/trauma and in cases of fever/malaria.Further,96 households(53.1%)preferred private-sector health care for their ailments.Conclusion:The fi ndings indicate that 93 of the children younger than 5 years(60.8%)had experienced one episode of illness in the previous 3 months.Further,the maximum out-of-pocket expenditure was for accident/trauma cases,and overall the largest share was for buying medica-tions for the treatment.展开更多
This paper examines the individual financial risk of health care expenditures over time in urban China, .using longitudinal health expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China. We find t...This paper examines the individual financial risk of health care expenditures over time in urban China, .using longitudinal health expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China. We find that the stochastic process of log total health care expenditures is well represented by the sum of an AR（3） process and white noise process. Simulating this model, we find that the urban health insurance system protects enrollees from the risk of catastrophic health care expenditures by bearing the majority of the health care expenditures. However, out-of-pocket health care expenditures represents a considerable risk to an individual＇s financial status.展开更多
文摘Using data from 60th round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of ‘catastrophic’ maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in urban and rural areas separately. Additionally, it measures the effect of maternal health care expenditure on poverty incidence and examines the factors associated with such impoverishment due to maternal health care payments. We found that maternal health care expenditure in urban households was almost twice that of rural households. A little more than one third households suffered catastrophic payments in both urban and rural areas. Rural women from scheduled tribes (ST) had more catastrophic head counts than ST women from urban areas. On the other hand, the catastrophic head count was greater among illiterate women living in urban areas compared to those living in rural areas. After adjusting for out-of-pocket maternal health care expenditure, the poverty in urban and rural areas increased by almost equal percentage points (20% in urban areas versus 19% in rural areas). Increasing education level, higher consumption expenditure quintile and higher caste of women was associated with increasing odds of impoverishment due to maternal health care expenditure. To reduce maternal health care expenditure induced poverty, the demand-side maternal health care financing programs and policies in future should take into consideration all the costs incurred during prenatal, delivery and postnatal periods and focus not only on those women who suffered catastrophic expenditure and plunged into poverty but also those who forgo maternal health care due to their inability to pay.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditure of families on the health care of children younger than 5 years in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in a rural area of Kancheepuram district for 5 months.All households with at least one child younger than 5 years were eligible for the study,and 153 households were selected for the fi nal study.A semistructured and pretested schedule was used to obtain information about various study variables during home visits.Ethics approval was obtained before the start of the study.Data were entered into Microsoft Excel,and statistical analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.Frequency distributions were calculated for all the variables.Results:The fi ndings indicate that most children younger than 5 years were males(62.7%).The maximum out-of-pocket expenditure was for accidents/trauma and in cases of fever/malaria.Further,96 households(53.1%)preferred private-sector health care for their ailments.Conclusion:The fi ndings indicate that 93 of the children younger than 5 years(60.8%)had experienced one episode of illness in the previous 3 months.Further,the maximum out-of-pocket expenditure was for accident/trauma cases,and overall the largest share was for buying medica-tions for the treatment.
文摘This paper examines the individual financial risk of health care expenditures over time in urban China, .using longitudinal health expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China. We find that the stochastic process of log total health care expenditures is well represented by the sum of an AR（3） process and white noise process. Simulating this model, we find that the urban health insurance system protects enrollees from the risk of catastrophic health care expenditures by bearing the majority of the health care expenditures. However, out-of-pocket health care expenditures represents a considerable risk to an individual＇s financial status.
