A Review on Effects of Personalized Ventilation Systems on Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Aircraft Cabin Mini-Environments

This study conducts an evaluation of air quality,dispersion of airborne expiratory pollutants and thermal comfort in aircraft cabin mini-environments using a critical examination of significant studies conducted over the last20 years.The research methods employed in these studies are also explained in detail.Based on the current literature,standard procedures for airplane personal ventilation and air quality investigations are defined for each study approach.Present study gaps are examined,and prospective study subjects for various research approaches are suggested.

An Optimal Control Approach to Structured Treatment Interruptions for HIV Patients: A Personalized Medicine Perspective

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has changed the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatments since its introduction. However, for many patients, long term continuous HAART is expensive and can include problems with drug toxicity and side effects, as well as increased drug resistance. Because of these reasons, some HIV infected patients will voluntarily terminate HAART. Some of these patients will also interrupt the continuous prescribed therapies for short or long periods. After discontinuing HAART, patients will usually experience a rapid increase in viral load coupled with an immediate decline in CD4+ counts. The canonical example of a patient undergoing unsupervised breaks in HAART is that of the “Berlin patient”. In this case, the patient was able to control viral load in the absence of treatment by cycling HAART on and off due to non-related infections. Due to this patient, interest in the use of structured treatment interruptions (STI) as a mechanism to regulate an HIV infection piqued. This paper describes an optimal control approach to determine STI regimen for HIV patients. The optimal STI was implemented in the context of the receding horizon control (RHC) using a mathematical model for the in-vivo dynamics of an HIV type 1 infection. Using available clinical data, we calibrate the model by estimating on a patient specific basis, a best estimable set of parameters using sensitivity analysis and subset selection. We demonstrate how customized STI protocols can be designed through the variation of control parameters on a patient specific basis.

Optimizing risk management for post-amputation wound complications in diabetic patients: Focus on glycemic and immunosuppressive control

This study highlights the importance of identifying and addressing risk factors associated with wound complications following transtibial amputation in diabetic patients.These amputations,often necessitated by severe diabetic foot ulcers,carry significant risks of postoperative complications such as infection and delayed wound healing.Elevated hemoglobin A1c levels,indicative of poor glycemic control,and a history of kidney transplantation,due to required immunosuppressive therapy,are key factors influencing these outcomes.This paper emphasizes the need for enhanced glycemic management and personalized postoperative care,particularly for immunocompromised individuals,to minimize complications and improve patient prognosis.Future research should focus on prospective studies to validate targeted interventions and optimize care strategies,ultimately aiming to reduce the healthcare burden associated with diabetic foot complications.

An Apparatus Design for the Vehicle Control Scheme in Personal Rapid Transit System

A new transportation technology known as personal rapid transit （PRT） is being developed by multiple different companies around the world, and one system is under commercial operations in the United Kingdom. Each design is different, but they all share a need to operate many automated transit vehicles at very close headways. Safe operation will require a level of control an order of magnitude above any current transit system. As a result, new techniques will be needed for the development and testing of the mechanical and control systems. In this paper an apparatus for developing and testing a PRT vehicle control scheme is demonstrated. This system is composed of independent modules that represent virtual vehicles, a central control system, a man-machine interface and a monitoring device. It can be used to implement and to evaluate the designed vehicle control algorithm. The vehicle control algorithm is designed and simulated in a combined simulation platform that consists of Matlab/Simulink and Labview Simulation Interface Toolkit. Simple operational scenarios are proposed for the testing of the proposed vehicle control apparatus.

乘用车整车驾驶模式切换控制方法研究

随着汽车科技发展,汽车智能化、互联化成为趋势,驾驶模式通过调整车辆悬挂、动力和转向满足用户特殊需求,其控制方法影响用户体验和汽车性能,研究汽车驾驶控制方法意义重大。文中提出一种整车驾驶模式管理系统,在驾驶模式允许切换时,用户可操作模式开关切换整车驾驶模式,包括正常、经济、运动和山地模式。功能实现上,开关执行机构连接车身控制器,模式切换仲裁在变速器控制器,车身、发动机和变速器控制器及仪表、车机模块相互配合实现功能。文章对各控制器的功能设计需求和驾驶模式切换策略进行详细阐述,包括功能开启逻辑、功能判断逻辑和功能执行逻辑,最后得出所提驾驶模式切换控制方法具有稳定性强、可靠性高、闭环控制等优势的结论。

父母心理控制对大学生智能手机成瘾的影响

本研究对1312名在校大学生进行问卷调查,拟探讨父母心理控制对大学生智能手机成瘾的影响,以及个人权力感与主观幸福感所起的中介作用机制。结果发现:(1)父母心理控制与大学生的智能手机成瘾之间呈显著正相关,其他两两变量之间均呈显著负相关;(2)父母心理控制主要通过个人权力感、主观幸福感的单独中介作用对大学生的智能手机成瘾产生影响,同时还会通过个人权力感和主观幸福感的链式中介作用对其智能手机成瘾产生影响,但该路径对总效应起到“遮掩”作用。

生成式人工智能应用场景下个人信息保护的法律风险及应对

数据已成为新的产权要素和产业基础,而具备了一定理性能力的生成式人工智能ChatGPT在大数据喂养、人为数据标识处理和信息再输出三个层次对个人信息权益构成了新的侵权范式。尽管《个人信息保护法》《网络安全法》等法律规范已确立起一系列个人信息保护手段,但在生成式人工智能服务与应用端仍面临着解释和适用上的难题。为此,我国需要在保障个人信息权益的前提下鼓励发展人工智能技术——在总体上要树立起基于风险的个人信息保护原则,并尝试以“风险预知—解构—化解”为基本路径,在微观上优化“知情-同意”规则,以“设计保护”原则强化企业内部自治,并灵活调整侵权责任追究机制。

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

This paper tries to integrate game theory, a very useful tool to resolve conflict phenomena, with optimal capital cost allocation issue in total emission control. First the necessity of allocating optimal capital costs fairly and reasonably among polluters in total emission control was analyzed. Then the possibility of applying game theory to the issue of the optimal capital cost allocation was expounded. Next the cooperative N person game model of the optimal capital cost allocation and its solution ways including method based on Shapley value, least core method, weak least core methods, proportional least core method, CGA method, MCRS method and so on were delineated. Finally through application of these methods it was concluded that to apply game theory in the optimal capital cost allocation issue is helpful to implement the total emission control planning schemes successfully, to control pollution effectively, and to ensure sustainable development.

4D printing of core-shell hydrogel capsules for smart controlled drug release

Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging technique to develop drug capsules,displays unique advantages that can autonomously control drug release according to the actual physiological circumstances.Herein,core-shell structured hydrogel capsules were developed using a multimaterial extrusion-based 4 D printing method,which consists of a model drug as the core and UV cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)hydrogel as the shell.Owing to the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)-induced shrinking/swelling properties,the prepared PNIPAM hydrogel capsules showed temperature-responsive drug release along with the topography changes in the cross-linked PNIPAM network.The in vitro drug release test confirmed that the PNIPAM hydrogel capsules can autonomously control their drug release behaviors according to changes in ambient temperature.Moreover,the increased shell thickness of these capsules causes an obvious reduction in drug release rate,distinctly indicating that the drug release behavior can be well adjusted by setting the shell thickness of the capsules.The proposed 4 D printing strategy pioneers the paradigm of smart drug release by showing great potential in the smart controlled release of drugs and macromolecular active agents.

Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)which has affected more than 4.5 million people in 213 countries,and has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11,2020.The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur primarily through direct contact or droplets.There have also been reports that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in biopsy and stool specimens,and it has been postulated that there is potential for fecal–oral transmission as well.Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in 17.6%of COVID-19 patients and transmission can potentially occur through gastrointestinal secretions in this group of patients.Furthermore,transmission can also occur in asymptomatic carriers or patients with viral shedding during the incubation period.Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission(even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases)as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures.This could result in inadvertent transmission of infection at time of endoscopy.

An Algebraic Detection Approach for Control Systems under Multiple Stochastic Cyber-attacks

In order to compromise a target control system successfully, hackers possibly attempt to launch multiple cyberattacks aiming at multiple communication channels of the control system. However, the problem of detecting multiple cyber-attacks has been hardly investigated so far. Therefore, this paper deals with the detection of multiple stochastic cyber-attacks aiming at multiple communication channels of a control system. Our goal is to design a detector for the control system under multiple cyberattacks. Based on frequency-domain transformation technique and auxiliary detection tools, an algebraic detection approach is proposed. By applying the presented approach, residual information caused by different attacks is obtained respectively and anomalies in the control system are detected. Sufficient and necessary conditions guaranteeing the detectability of the multiple stochastic cyber-attacks are obtained. The presented detection approach is simple and straightforward. Finally, two simulation examples are provided, and the simulation results show that the detection approach is effective and feasible. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Implementation of a Biometric Interface in Voice Controlled Wheelchairs

In order to assist physically handicapped persons in their movements,we developed an embedded isolated word speech recognition system(ASR)applied to voice control of smart wheelchairs.However,in spite of the existence in the industrial market of several kinds of electric wheelchairs,the problem remains the need to manually control this device by hand via joystick;which limits their use especially by people with severe disabilities.Thus,a significant number of disabled people cannot use a standard electric wheelchair or drive it with difficulty.The proposed solution is to use the voice to control and drive the wheelchair instead of classical joysticks.The intelligent chair is equipped with an obstacle detection system consisting of ultrasonic sensors,a moving navigation algorithm and a speech acquisition and recognition module for voice control embedded in a DSP card.The ASR architecture consists of two main modules.The first one is the speech parameterization module(features extraction)and the second module is the classifier which identifies the speech and generates the control word to motors power unit.The training and recognition phases are based on Hidden Markov Models(HMM),K-means,Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms.The database consists of 39 isolated speaker words(13 words pronounced 3 times under different environments and conditions).The simulations are tested under Matlab environment and the real-time implementation is performed by C language with code composer studio embedded in a TMS 320 C6416 DSP kit.The results and experiments obtained gave promising recognition ratio and accuracy around 99%in clean environment.However,the system accuracy decreases considerably in noisy environments,especially for SNR values below 5 dB(in street:78%,in factory:52%).

Research on the Legality of Information Utilization in Epidemic Prevention and Control

Big data is playing an important role in preventing,control and monitoring COVID-19,but during the process,the legality of the use of personal information shall be paid attention to.Personal information should be divided into general information and sensitive information,and the use of sensitive information should take"Consent"as its legality basis.In the process of personal information collection,the subject qualification of the collection organization or personnel should be clearly defined,and the starting conditions and process specifications of the collection work should be determined.The use of personal information should be in accordance with legal provisions or agreed ways and purposes and should not violate individual privacy rights and other personality rights,and should not improperly display the"digital image"of individuals.

Securing Patient-Centric Personal Health Records Sharing System in Cloud Computing

Personal health record （PHR） enables patients to manage their own electronic medical records （EMR） in a centralized way, and it is oRen outsourced to be stored in a third-party server. In this paper we propose a novel secure and scalable system for sharing PHRs. We focus on the multiple data owner scenario, and divide the users in the system into multiple security domains that greatly reduce the key management complexity for owners and users. A high degree of patient privacy is guaranteed by exploiting hierarchical and multi- authority attribute-sets based encryption （HM- ASBE）. Our system not only supports compound attributes due to flexible attribute sets combinations, but also achieves fine-grained access control. Our scheme supports efficient on-demand user/attribute revocation and break-glass access under emergency scenarios.

Depression and Suicidal Ideations among Older Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara City, Southwest Uganda

Background: Due to the increase in longevity and use of antiretroviral treatment, Uganda has had a growing population of older persons living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a paucity of information on the mental health of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS. In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of, and associated factors for depression and suicidal ideation among older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara city, southwest Uganda. Methods: Older persons (150 females, 115 males), with mean age = 64.2 (±5.1) years, accessing health services from three purposively selected HIV/AIDS care centers in Mbarara city, southwest Uganda were recruited. Data on depression and suicidal ideation were collected using a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) validated in Uganda, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Approximately 8.3% and 12.1% had depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. The factors associated with lowering the likelihood of depression were: an increase in the number of family members they stayed with and having no having any problems with their ARVs. On the other hand, earning more than 100,000 Uganda shillings was associated with reducing the risk of suicidal ideations among the participants. Conclusion: Approximately 8 to 12 in 100 older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda have experienced depression or suicidal ideation. Family support and financial control were instrumental factors associated with depression and suicidal ideations, respectively. We recommended strengthening family structures and creating more avenues for financial independence among older persons living with HIV/AIDS to reduce the burden of depression, and suicidal behaviours among this vulnerable population.

迈向信任的算法个性化推荐——“一键关闭”的法律反思

个性化推荐主要面临威胁人类主体自主性、“信息茧房”与“回音室”效应、大数据“杀熟”方面的质疑。“一键关闭”功能因能够实现隐私个人控制、促进信息自由流通和预防价格歧视而被推崇。然而,用户往往缺少隐私自治能力,个性化推荐造成群体极化之前首先具有议程凝聚、促进交往的价值,以关闭个性化推荐来解决价格歧视存在目标和手段的错位。“一键关闭”不仅难以符合规制预期,其自身还存在可操作度低和所承载公共价值模糊的弊端。个性化推荐的治理应以算法向善为方向,通过打造以信任为中心的透明可解释、用户交互友好的算法推荐,发挥个性化推荐的公共价值,增进社会福利。

The Limits of the Intervention of Public Power in Individual Health Choices——From the Perspective of the Realization of the Right to Health in the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the most important public health problem in the world today,so the focus of public health services should be shifted from the traditional area of communicable diseases to the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Since bad living habits are the most direct cause of chronic diseases,the most effective measure to prevent and control chronic diseases is to promote healthy lifestyles for the individual citizen.The theories of equal health opportunity,the right to health from the perspective of human rights,and determinants of a healthy society provide justified reasons for the intervention of public power in individual health choices.In the current legal system,the intervention of public power is limited to flexible measures such as health education,which shows respect for individual autonomy.However,it is inconsistent with the needs of current public health practice.We should expand diversified intervention means to encourage individuals to make healthy choices under the guidance of the management model.The“ladder of intervention”outlines a panoramic view of the intervention measures available.However,for the selection of specific measures,it is necessary to consider the public health objectives and the invasion of individual freedom,introduce the“legal reservation principle”and“proportionality principle”as policy analysis tools,and reasonably choose intervention measures at different levels on the ladder to properly handle the tension between public power and private rights.

被遮蔽的从属性:“互联网+劳动关系”的关键内核及其协调策略--以外卖骑手作为观察对象

围绕外卖骑手与互联网平台之间能否形成劳动法意义上的劳动关系,存在着否定性意见、肯定性意见、观望性意见三种差异化观点。从实然状态来看,在表象上,互联网平台与专送骑手和众包骑手之间均不存在或难以存在从属性。从应然状态来看,一方面,外卖骑手不仅仅在现实世界中的流通环节提供送餐行为,更在与之平行的虚拟世界或数字世界的生产环节中生产具有价值的数据,另一方面,人的逻辑和算法逻辑的冲突,背后的“从属性”实像被互联网及技术所遮蔽和掩盖,由此亟待揭开互联网平台与外卖骑手之间的“隐蔽从属性”并适用劳动法调整。但即使立法层面采纳“隐蔽从属性”的观点和理由,确认互联网平台与外卖骑手之间存在劳动关系,也依旧需要对劳动法进行一个相当程度甚至颠覆性的改造和重塑。同时,辅之严禁“最严算法”、适用“算法取中”、实现“算法透明”、发挥“算法伦理”,以充分塑造“新”的劳动秩序。

个人信息对价化交易的定性和法律适用

个人信息主体以同意个人信息处理换取特定服务,可称为个人信息对价化交易。当事人可自由选择将这一交易类型构造为双务合同,将同意构造为对待给付,法律上并无任何理由限缩其意思自治的空间并挫败这种交易安排,民法上的人格权益优先和人身债务不得强制执行、个人信息保护法上的任意撤回权和捆绑禁止规则均不构成制度障碍。个人信息对价化交易在法律性质上可归入个人信息许可使用合同。应当引入《民法典》格式条款内容控制制度,突破核心给付义务不受审查的原则,依据是否违反个人信息保护法基本原则与是否不当限制信息主体合同核心权利、加重合同核心义务两项标准,审查作为同意之原因行为的合同条款,以防止个人信息保护法知情同意规则被架空以及合同履行之必需场景被不当扩充。应当以双务合同中的交换关系为核心,同时兼顾个人信息保护法价值取向,配置特殊的履行障碍规则以平衡两造当事人之利益关系:个人信息主体违反同意之义务的,合同相对人并无履行请求权、同时履行抗辩权、损害赔偿请求权和违约金请求权,享有基于对待给付牵连性的合同解除权;信息处理者违反服务提供义务的,信息主体并无减价权,解除权发生条件可放宽至非根本违约情形。

IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对PE患者自护能力、血压控制的影响

目的:探究IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对子痫前期(PE)患者自护能力、血压控制的影响。方法:随机数字表法将2021年3月-2023年2月本院就诊的PE患者200例分为观察组与对照组各100例,两组均予以常规护理干预,观察组同时予以信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型框架下小组个性化护理干预,均干预至妊娠分娩。比较两组自护能力[自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)评分]、负性心理[焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分]、治疗依从性、血压控制情况及分娩结局。结果:干预后观察组ESCA各维度评分均高于对照组,SDS(42.55±4.28分)、SAS(43.39±4.21分)评分均低于对照组(48.36±4.33分、47.57±4.36分),治疗依从性(94.0%)高于对照组(83.0%),收缩压及舒张压(127.6±7.5 mmHg、93.5±4.3 mmHg)低于对照组(142.5±8.4mmHg、104.6±5.5 mmHg),不良分娩结局低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:对PE患者实施IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预可提高患者的自护能力与治疗依从性,减轻负性心理,有利于血压控制及改善妊娠结局,提高了护理效果。