Optimization of Fermentation Process for Human-like Collagen Production of Recombinant Escherichia coli Using Response Surface Methodology

In order to improve the production of human-like collagen III(HLC III)by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21,the Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design were applied to optimize the fermentation process parameters.Three variables(induction time,inoculum age and pH),which have significant effects on HLC III production,were selected from eight variables by Plackett-Burman design.With the regression coefficient analysis in the Box-Behnken design,a relationship between HLC III production and three significant factors was obtained,and the optimum levels of the three variables were as follows:induction time 3.2h,inoculum age 12.6 h and pH 6.7.The 3D response surface plots and 2D contour plots created by the Box-Behnken design showed that the interaction between induction time and pH and that between innoculum age and pH were significant.An average 9.68 g·L1HLC III production was attained in the validation experiment under optimized condition,which was 80%higher than the yield of 5.36 g·L1before optimization.

Multiple-response optimization for melting process of aluminum melting furnace based on response surface methodology with desirability function

To reduce the fuel consumption and emissions and also enhance the molten aluminum quality, a mathematical model with user-developed melting model and burning capacity model, were established according to the features of melting process of regenerative aluminum melting furnaces. Based on validating results by heat balance test for an aluminum melting furnace, CFD （computational fluid dynamics） technique, in association with statistical experimental design were used to optimize the melting process of the aluminum melting furnace. Four important factors influencing the melting time, such as horizontal angle between burners, height-to-radius ratio, natural gas mass flow and air preheated temperature, were identified by PLACKETT-BURMAN design. A steepest descent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these factors. Response surface methodology with BOX-BEHNKEN design was adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables on RSD （relative standard deviation） of aluminum temperature, RSD of furnace temperature and melting time. Multiple-response optimization by desirability function approach was used to determine the optimum melting process parameters. The results indicate that the interaction between the height-to-radius ratio and horizontal angle between burners affects the response variables significantly. The predicted results show that the minimum RSD of aluminum temperature （12.13%）, RSD of furnace temperature （18.50%） and melting time （3.9 h） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of horizontal angle between burners as 64°, height-to-radius ratio as 0.3, natural gas mass flow as 599 m3/h, and air preheated temperature as 639 ℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between the predicted and experimental values confirms the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy.

Optimization of process parameters of aluminum alloy AA 2014-T6 friction stir welds by response surface methodology

The heat treatable aluminum-copper alloy AA2014 finds wide application in the aerospace and defence industry due to its high strength-toweight ratio and good ductility. Friction stir welding(FSW) process, an emerging solid state joining process, is suitable for joining this alloy compared to fusion welding processes. This work presents the formulation of a mathematical model with process parameters and tool geometry to predict the responses of friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy, viz yield strength, tensile strength and ductility. The most influential process parameters considered are spindle speed, welding speed, tilt angle and tool pin profile. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was used and a response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to develop the regression models to predict the responses.The mechanical properties, such as yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and percentage elongation(%El), are considered as responses. Method of analysis of variance was used to determine the important process parameters that affect the responses. Validation trials were carried out to validate these results. These results indicate that the friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy welded with hexagonal tool pin profile have the highest tensile strength and elongation, whereas the joints fabricated with conical tool pin profile have the lowest tensile strength and elongation.

Optimization of Inactivation Conditions of High Hydrostatic Pressure Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the present work and a second orderquadratic equation for high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation was built. Theadequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verifiedeffectively by the validation data. Effects of temperature, pressure, and pressureholding time on HHP inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were explored. Byanalyzing the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots as well assolving the quadratic equation, the optimum process parameters for inactivation E. coliof six log cycles were obtained as: temperature 32.2℃, pressure 346.4 MPa, and pressureholding time 12.6min.

Leaching of copper from chalcopyrite concentrate by using ammonium persulphate in an autoclave:Determination of most suitable impeller type by using response surface methodology

Some effective parameters on the copper extraction from Kiire chalcopyrite concentrate were optimized by using response surface methodology （RSM）. Experiments designed by RSM were carried out in the presence of ammonium persulfate （APS） and different types of impeller in an autoclave system. Ammonium persulfate concentration and leaching temperature were defined numerically and three types of impellers were defined categorically as independent variables using experimental design software. The optimum condition for copper extraction from the chalcopyrite concentrate is found to be ammonium persulfate concentration of 277.77 kg/m3, leaching temperature of 389.98 K and wheel type of impeller. The proposed model equation using RSM has shown good agreement with the experimental data, with correlation coefficients R2 and RaZaj for the model as 0.89 and 0.84, respectively.

Process Parameters Optimization of Laser Cladding for HT200 with 316L Coating Based on Response Surface Method

In order to improve the sealing surface performance of gray cast iron gas gate valves and achieve precise molding control of the cladding layer,as well as to reveal the influence of laser cladding process parameters on the morphology and structure of the cladding layer,we prepared the 316L coating on HT 200 by using Design-Expert software central composite design(CCD)based on response surface analysis.We built a regression prediction model and analyzed the ANOVA with the inspection results.With a target cladding layer width of 3.5 mm and height of 1.3 mm,the process parameters were optimized to obtain the best combination of process parameters.The microstructure,phases,and hardness variations of the cladding layer from experiments with optimal parameters were analyzed by the metallographic microscope,confocal microscope,and microhardness instrument.The experimental results indicate that laser power has a significant impact on the cladding layer width,followed by powder feed rate;scan speed has a significant impact on the cladding layer height,followed by powder feed rate.The HT200 substrate and 316L can metallurgically bond well,and the cladding layer structure consists of dendritic crystals,columnar crystals,and equiaxed crystals in sequence.The optimal process parameter combination satisfying the morphology requirements is laser power(A)of 1993 W,scan speed(B)of 8.949 mm/s,powder feed rate(C)of 1.408 r/min,with a maximum hardness of 1564.3 HV0.5,significantly higher than the hardness of the HT200 substrate.

Optimization of Processing Parameters of Power Spinning for Bushing Based on Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms

A neural network model of key process parameters and forming quality is developed based on training samples which are obtained from the orthogonal experiment and the finite element numerical simulation. Optimization of the process parameters is conducted using the genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results have shown that a surface model of the neural network can describe the nonlinear implicit relationship between the parameters of the power spinning process:the wall margin and amount of expansion. It has been found that the process of determining spinning technological parameters can be accelerated using the optimization method developed based on the BP neural network and the genetic algorithm used for the process parameters of power spinning formation. It is undoubtedly beneficial towards engineering applications.

Optimization of Biodiesel Production from African Crude Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) with High Concentration of Free Fatty Acids by a Two-Step Transesterification Process

In this study, African crude palm olein (CPO) was used to synthesize biodiesel. The objective was to determine the optimal reaction conditions for the methanolysis of olein. The used CPO had a 5.72% concentration of free fatty acids (FFA);thus, the production of biodiesel was carried out in two stages: 1) esterification using sulfuric acid and 2) transesterification using sodium methoxide. In order to optimize the yield of biodiesel during the transesterification process, a central rotatable design and the response surface methodology were used. The studied variables were: catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature. The analysis of variance showed that the variables with significant effect were the catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time;as well as the catalyst loading*reaction temperature and catalyst loading*reaction time. Results indicate that the optimal reaction conditions during transesterification are: 0.65% catalyst loading (wt/wtaceite), reaction time of 135 min and a reaction temperature of 56°C. The optimal reaction conditions during esterification are: 2.5% weight of catalyst, reaction time of 150 min and a reaction temperature of 64.5°C. Under these conditions, a 90% yield of biodiesel was obtained.

Process Optimization on Anaerobic Treatment of Citric Acid Wastewater

[Objective] The aim was to obtain higher COD removal rate so as to guide the process of citric acid industrial wastewater. [Method] The effects of controllable factors, acidification time, hydraulic retention time, and influent COD concentration, in-anaerobic treatment process of citric acid wastewater on COD removal rate were studied and the COD removal rate was optimized by response surface method. [Result] There was no interaction between acidification time and the other two factors. It was showed that hydraulic retention time and influent COD concentration had significant effect on COD removal rate and there was interaction between the two factors. The optimum COD removing process conditions was as follows: acidification time 1.53 h, hydraulic retention time 3.52 h and influent COD concentration 2 698 mg/L. Under the optimized conditions, the COD removal rate was 93.31% and it was much closed to the experimental result, 93.29%. [Conclusion] Using response surface method to optimize the anaerobic treatment of citric acid wastewater can result in optimized achievement.

响应面法优化澳洲坚果真空油炸工艺及品质分析

以澳洲坚果果仁为原料,制备真空油炸产品。采用单因素实验和响应面Box-Behnken试验进行真空油炸工艺优化;以原料果仁为对照,测定真空油炸果仁含油率、酸价、过氧化值、色差与感官品质指标。结果表明:冷冻温度、真空油炸温度、真空油炸时间和真空度对澳洲坚果果仁的口感和风味品质影响差异极显著(P<0.01),澳洲坚果果仁真空油炸最佳工艺条件:冷冻温度−24℃、真空油炸温度113℃、真空油炸时间58 min、真空度−0.095 MPa,在该工艺条件下制得的澳洲坚果果仁香味浓郁、口感酥松,感官评分为95.90分,酸价、过氧化值分别为0.23 mg/g、0.14 g/100 g,在低水平范围内,符合LY/T 1963-2018的标准要求。因此,真空油炸工艺极显著提高了澳洲坚果果仁的品质。

Interactive Optimization of Impressive Parameters Middling in Biological Leaching

In this study, single and interactive effect of three parameters, pH, ferrous and pulp concentration has been investigated by a 2^3 full factorial CCRD （central composite rotatable design） composed of eight factorial points, six central and six axial points. Initially, ＂none＂ mode from transformation subsection was chosen as the default choice for both responses, i.e. %recovery and gram of recovered zinc. Box-Cox plots give the best Lambda for each response （y^Lambda= f （A, B, C .....）） which occur at 1.91 and 2.16 for %recovey and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. A linear （y^1.91 = f （linear）） and a quadratic （y^2. 16= f （quadratic）） equation were suggested by software as the model for %recovery and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） for both models shows a high coefficient of determination （R^2）. In order to optimize and find the best conditions under which three parameters occur appropriately, optimization was done numerically. Desirability plots indicate properly that the best conditions occur at pH = 1.46, ferrous = 6.67 g/L, %pulp = 7.1 （%w/v）, %recovery = 86.5, gram of recovered zinc = 0.63 g and desirability = 0.777. Finally, PRP （progressive route of the process） analysis donates us a proper insight of what is happening during these 30 days. PRP analysis categorizes flasks in two parts, 1- flasks worth economically, 2- flasks with one-time-usable feed materials.

基于改进络合铁法的含硫化氢尾气处理工艺模拟与优化

目的有效处理含硫尾气,确保装置“安、稳、长、满、优”运行。方法采用Aspen Plus V11软件基于Peng-Robinson热力学模型对改进络合铁装置的H_(2)S处理过程进行了全流程模拟,并根据Box-Behnken Design对其进行了响应面设计,得到了最佳H_(2)S脱除率及其对应的优化操作参数。结果此模拟流程能够较好地反映改进络合铁装置的实际运行情况,可以作为后续优化研究的基础模型。当循环溶液温度为47.2℃、循环溶液中Fe^(3+)质量分数为8.4100%、循环溶液体积流量为3.12 m^(3)/h、电解槽电压为0.64 V时,改进络合铁装置的H_(2)S脱除率高达99.999988%。此时,外排气中H_(2)S质量浓度为9.5 mg/m^(3),完全可以满足外排气中H_(2)S质量浓度不大于10 mg/m^(3)的约束条件;t检验结果表明,采用响应面法优化得到的预测值和验证值之间不存在显著差异,其准确度一致。结论该研究结果可为进一步提升含H_(2)S尾气处理水平提供准确、可靠的理论支撑和数据来源。

苹果酵素混菌发酵工艺优化

该研究以费比恩塞伯林德纳氏酵母(Cyberlindnera fabianii)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、戊糖乳植物杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus pentosus)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)为发酵菌种制备苹果酵素,研究不同菌种组合发酵对苹果酵素可溶性固形物、pH、总酸、还原力、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性和感官评分的影响,并采用单因素和响应面试验对苹果酵素酵母菌发酵阶段和乳酸菌发酵阶段的工艺进行优化。结果表明,多菌种发酵苹果酵素酵母菌发酵阶段最佳工艺条件为费比恩塞伯林德纳氏酵母∶酿酒酵母1∶0.2,接种量3.3%,发酵温度23℃,初始pH4.7,乳酸菌发酵阶段最佳工艺条件为戊糖乳植物杆菌∶肠膜明串珠菌1∶1,接种量5.2%,发酵温度33℃,初始pH 5.1,在此优化条件下,多菌种发酵苹果酵素的感官评分为9.82,SOD活性为55.83 U/m L、总酸含量为4.96 g/L、还原力为6.83、可溶性固形物含量3.14°Bx、p H为2.96。该研究为苹果酵素产品工业化产生提供了理论依据。

桑葚葡萄复合果酒发酵工艺响应面法优化

以桑葚为主要原料,复配葡萄发酵制备桑葚葡萄复合果酒,以感官评分和酒精度为评价指标,通过单因素试验及响应面试验优化其发酵工艺,并对其发酵前后的理化指标及抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,与桑葚混合发酵的最适葡萄品种为玫瑰香葡萄,最佳发酵工艺条件为:桑葚汁与玫瑰香葡萄质量比9:1,发酵温度20℃,初始pH为4.4,初始糖度22°Bx。在此优化条件下,桑葚葡萄复合果酒的酒精度为7.86%vol,感官评分为87.3分。发酵60 h后,总糖、pH分别从219.60 g/L、4.40下降至60.70 g/L、4.26,DPPH和羟基自由基清除率分别提升了12.32%和24.03%,总酸、总酚和总黄酮含量分别上升了1.77 g/L、159.67 mg/L和34.46 mg/L。

响应面法优化柴胡总皂苷提取工艺

目的优化柴胡皂苷最佳提取工艺。方法选取加热回流法提取柴胡皂苷,以总皂苷平均提取率为评价指标,采用紫外分光光度法,计算总皂苷含量。进一步对其做单因素考察,用响应面法对影响因素及其交互作用进行评估。结果加热回流法最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶17(g∶m L),提取时间2.3h,乙醇浓度70%。验证实验表明,柴胡皂苷的平均得率为5.08%,与预测值5.33%接近,RSD<2%。结论加热回流提取柴胡总皂苷的工艺稳定可行,柴胡总皂苷的提取率较高,预测性良好。

响应面法优化草本风味核桃加工工艺

为研制草本风味即食手剥核桃,以新疆纸皮核桃为原料,着重对杀青条件、浸泡和烘烤条件进行研究。以单因素试验为基础,选择浸泡时间、烘烤温度和烘烤时间3个影响因素的水平,根据BoxBenhnken试验设计,以感官评分为响应值,运用响应面法确定草本风味手剥核桃最优工艺条件。结果表明,核桃的最佳杀青条件为80℃杀青8 h。通过响应面分析建立的回归模型显著,各因素对核桃感官评分的影响顺序为烘烤温度>烘烤时间>浸泡时间。确定草本手剥核桃最佳工艺条件为:烘烤温度80℃,烘烤时间7 h,浸泡时间2.5 min。按照优化的工艺条件加工的草本风味核桃感官品质最佳,核桃色泽美观,核桃仁金黄,草本风味佳,无苦涩味,口感酥脆。研究结果为核桃制品的开发及其产业化利用提供了技术支撑。

基于响应面法的铝合金角接激光焊工艺优化

文章选用板材厚度为2 mm的5754铝合金,采用角接的搭接形式,开展激光熔焊焊接试验。以激光功率P、焊接速度v、离焦量Z为试验参数,以焊接接头的最大拉力F为响应指标,建立响应面分析的数学模型。研究结果表明:激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量对最大拉力均有明显影响。激光功率越大、焊接速度和离焦量越小,最大拉力越大。分析所建立的数学模型,确定较优工艺区间,结合焊缝成形的宏观形貌,获取最优工艺参数组合。最大拉力相比于试验组中的最优组提升5.55%。

基于响应面法的黄豆酱生产工艺优化及色泽分析

以鹤壁本地黄豆、面粉为原料,以黑曲霉和米曲霉(质量比为1∶1)混合成发酵剂,调整发酵温度(30,36,42℃)、发酵时间(35,40,45 d)和盐水浓度(占固体物质质量比10%、15%、20%)制作发酵黄豆酱。利用响应面法优化其发酵工艺,并对发酵黄豆酱的色差、感官评分、还原糖、氨基酸态氮及主要挥发性风味物质进行比较分析。结果表明,在盐水浓度15%、发酵温度36℃和发酵时间35 d条件下发酵的黄豆酱效果最佳,其感官评分可达到48.2±1.73(满分50);L^(*)值为47.57±1.62,a^(*)值为11.49±2.74,b^(*)值为36.32±1.73;还原糖含量为12.55%,氨基酸态氮含量为0.6831 g/100 g。以此方法进行黄豆酱发酵,可使黄豆酱色泽光亮、酱香浓郁、咸香适中、形态良好。

西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究西洋参花多糖闪式提取的最佳工艺条件及抗氧化活性。方法:以西洋参花为原料,考察提取电压、液料比、提取时间对西洋参花多糖得率的影响,采用响应面法优化西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺。通过测定西洋参花多糖对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用及总还原力,考察西洋参花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果:通过实验得到西洋参花多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取电压:130 V,液料比:30:1 mL/g,提取时间:100 s。在此条件下,西洋参花多糖得率为11.12%±0.23%,与模型预测值相当;西洋参花多糖体外抗氧化显示其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率的IC_(50)值分别为1.34、1.42 mg/mL,且具有一定还原力。表明西洋参花具有较强的抗氧化活性,且随着多糖浓度的增加,抗氧化活性不断增强。结论:本实验得到的提取工艺条件具有可行性,可用于西洋参花多糖的提取。西洋参花多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究可为西洋参花的开发利用提供理论依据。

挤压处理下组织化核桃蛋白品质变化

作为核桃制油副产物的核桃蛋白是一种优质植物蛋白,核桃蛋白高值化利用,对核桃产业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究采用挤压法对核桃蛋白进行组织化,考察挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白色泽、质构特性和组织化度的影响。通过采用单因素法,研究了挤压温度、水分含量、螺杆转速、喂料速度和冷却温度5个挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白的影响。根据单因素试验结果,选择挤压温度、水分含量和喂料速度三个参数为响应面实验的试验因素,以组织化度为响应值,应用响应面分析法对挤压工艺参数进行优化,得到了最优挤压工艺参数为挤压温度141℃,水分含量52.7%,螺杆转速160 r/min,喂料速度26 g/min,冷却温度65℃,此时组织化度为1.209。该研究为核桃蛋白基素肉开发奠定了基础。