Occurrence and Epidemic Dynamics and Accurate Prevention and Control of Important Sugarcane Pests and Diseases in the Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan

Based on investigation and research, according to the current actual production of sugarcane, the occurrence dynamics and outbreak causes of important pests and diseases that seriously affect sugarcane production were summarized, and accurate and efficient green prevention and control technology was put forward according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of important pests and diseases, such as strengthening sugarcane introduction and quarantine, breeding and selecting varieties resistant to diseases and pests, promoting the use of detoxified healthy seedlings vigorously, applying lamp trapping technology on a large scale, scientifically guiding and promoting biological prevention and control technology, practically promoting the precise and efficient application of slow-release long- acting and low toxic pesticides, strengthening field management, spraying pesticides in time at the early stage of a disease, and doing a good job of monitoring and emergency prevention and control of sudden pests.

Control Procedures for Pests and Diseases in Protected Cultivation of Grape

Abstract According to rules in GB/T 1.1 - 2009 Directives for The Work of Standardization Unit I ： Structure and Writing of Standards, based on occurrence characteristics of major peats and diseases in protected cultivation of grape and the actual condition of production in Yancheng City of Jiangsu Province of China, the control procedures for pests and diseases in protected cultivation of grape in Yancheng City are developed in the paper.

Occurrence Characteristics,Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases of Tropical Outdoor Cultivated Rosa chinensis

According to the hazards and occurrence characteristics of major diseases of Rosa chinensis, such as powdery mildew, branch canker and black spot, and major pests such as mites, aphids, thrips and Lepidoptera, prevention and control of the diseases and pests should be based on pruning, garden cleaning, water and fertilizer management, and chemical control can be applied as the supplement. Suitable prevention and control measures should be adopted for preventing the disea- ses and pests scientifically.

Investigation on Major Pests and Diseases of Fluecured Tobacco in Shibing County,Guizhou Province

The tobacco pests and diseases in major flue-cured tobacco production areas of Shibing County were investigated, and the corresponding control counter- measures were put forward. The results showed that the common pests and diseases, such as tobacco aphid, tobacco budworm, TMV, CMV, PVY, bacterial wilt and black shank, had occurred in flue-cured tobacco production in Shibing County.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Diseases and Pests in Nanchong City

This paper introduced the main types of peanut pests and diseases in Nanchong City,and proposed green prevention and control technical measures for the reference of local growers.

Hazard Analysis and Primary Prevention and Treatment Report of Diseases and Pests in Export Blueberry Base in Majiang County

To fully understand occurrence and damage status of pests and diseases in export blueberry,systematic survey was conducted in Majiang export blueberry bases in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015. A total of 21 kinds of pests and diseases were found on blueberry,including 10 kinds of diseases and 11 kinds of pests. Comprehensive analysis of pests and diseases and their damage degree revealed that pests and diseases causing severe damage were gray mold,scarab and fruit fly,while gray mold and fruit fly might seriously affect the export of blueberry. The prevention and control measures against gray mold and fruit fly were summarized.

A Study on the Effects of Insect Pests and Diseases on Intensively Managed Plantations

Basedon the results of monitoring the environment of China National Afforestation Project (NAP) and the investigation on insect pests and diseases in 1.2 million ha of plantations, the author elaborates the areas, species and causes of insect pests and diseases occurring in the project's areas and provides fundamental theory for guiding environmental protection and plantation establishment in a sound way. Since the project's activities strictly follovved the guideline of environmental protection in past...

Identification of Common Maize Diseases and Their Prevention and Control Methods

Agriculture is the basic industry of China's economic development,and maize is an important part of the agricultural economy.With the increase of global environmental warming and industrial pollution,as well as the adjustment of agricultural planting structure and the transformation of farming and cultivation methods in China,the breeding of maize varieties has been accelerated,and the planting area has increased rapidly,resulting in the condition that the occurrence of maize diseases and pests has been increasing.The damage of some minor diseases continued to increase nationwide or in local areas,and rose to major diseases,and some new diseases appeared in production,posing a threat to the safe production of maize.This paper summarized the occurrence status of important maize diseases in China,and put forward corresponding prevention and control countermeasures.

Study on Planting and Cultivation Techniques of Polygonatum

Polygonatum is a food having the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff.It is relatively common in the tonic medicinal material market and is a common bulk medicinal material in China.Because of its good medicinal value and health care value,its artificial cultivation has become a hot topic,in order to increase market demand.The cultivation techniques of Polygonatum were discussed and analyzed by collecting and consulting data,as well as practical investigation.

An app to assist farmers in the identification of diseases and pests of coffee leaves using deep learning

In recent years,deep learning methods have been introduced for segmentation and classi-fication of leaf lesions caused by pests and pathogens.Among the commonly used approaches,convolutional neural networks have provided results with high accuracy.The purpose of this work is to present an effective and practical system capable of seg-menting and classifying different types of leaf lesions and estimating the severity of stress caused by biotic agents in coffee leaves using convolutional neural networks.The proposed approach consists of two stages:a semantic segmentation stage with severity calculation and a symptom lesion classification stage.Each stage was tested separately,highlighting the positive and negative points of each one.We obtained very good results for the severity estimation,suggesting that the model can estimate severity values very close to the real values.For the biotic stress classification,the accuracy rates were greater than 97%.Due to the promising results obtained,an App for Android platform was developed and imple-mented,consisting of semantic segmentation and severity calculation,as well as symptom classification to assist both specialists and farmers to identify and quantify biotic stresses using images of coffee leaves acquired by smartphone.

Long-range Dependence Characteristics of Forest Biological Disasters in China against the Background of Climate Change

Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. As a result,the occurrence of FBDs in China( CFBD) threatens the country's ability to realize its strategic target of increasing both forested area(40 million ha) and forest volume(1.3 billion m^3) from 2005 to 2020. Collectively,China has officially named this effort to increase forest area and volume the "Two Increases" as national goals related to forestry. Based on Hurst index analysis from fractal theory,we analyzed the time series of the occurrence area and related data of FBDs from 1950 to 2007 to quantitatively determine the patterns of the macro occurrence of FBDs in China. Results indicates that,the time series of( CFBD) areas is fractal( self-affinity fractal dimension D = 1. 3548),the fluctuation of( CFBD) areas is positively correlated( auto-correlation coefficient C = 0. 2170),and the occurrence of the time series of( CFBD) is long-range dependent( Hurst index H =0. 6416),showing considerably strong trend of increases in FBDC area. Three different methods were further carried out on the original time series,and its two surrogate series generated by function surrogate in library t series,and function Surrogate Data in library in Wavelet software R,so as to analyze the reliability of Hurst indexes. The results showed that the Hurst indices calculated using different estimation methods were greater than 0. 5,ranging from 0. 64 to 0. 97,which indicated that the change of occurrence area data of FBDs was positively autocorrelated.The long-range dependence in forest biological disasters in China is obvious,and the spatial extent of FBDs tended to increase during this study period indicating this trend should be expected to persistent and worsen in the future.